1、第 2 讲 介词 前沿最新动态 题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读 语 法 填 空 1(2020 全国卷)Oranges: Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. 2(2020 全国卷)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist on earth, Mother Nature. 3(2019 全国卷)Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear popula
2、tions have been employed only since the mid- 1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 4(2019 全国卷)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs，seven to be exact. 1考查介词的基本用法； 2考查固定搭配中的介 词。 短 文 改 错 1(2020 全国卷)Im glad to know that youve come China to learn kung fu
3、in a school in my hometown. come 后加 to 2(2020 全国卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, so that we can practice together on every day. 删除 on 3(2019 全国卷) When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. chemistry 后加 in/at 4(2018 全国卷).unwilling to play t
4、he games for them.forwith 1固定搭配中介词的错 用； 2 介词与其他词搭配不当 以及介词的缺失或多余。 考点一 常考介词的用法 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 成都摸底)Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first class on March 1st on movable type. 2 (2020 浙江省名校新高考研究联盟联考)Pemberton decided to sell it as a drink rather than a medicine. .单句改错 3(2020 衡水中学高
5、三第一次联考)He thanked for me again and again. I smiled and said it was nothing. 删除 for 4(2020 湛江市调研)In the afternoon, sometimes I went swimming on the river. onin 5(2020 南充市统考)I had practiced for it many times, but I didnt think I had done a very good job. 删除 for 6(2020 合肥调研)After that，we went to do som
6、e housework for the senior people who lived their own. lived 后加 on 要点解读 1表示时间的介词 介词 用法 at 表示时间的点、时刻等。at 6：00 oclock 在 6 点钟；at daybreak 在黎明 on 表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下 午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。on Monday afternoon 在周一下午；on a rainy day morning 在一个雨天的上午 in 表示在某段较长的时间内。in the 20th century 在 20 世纪；in winter
7、 在冬季；in September 在 9 月；in the morning 在上午 since 时间点 自从以来 for 长达 时间段 during 在期间 until/till 直到 by 到为止；不迟于 in/after 时间段 在之后。“in时间段”常与将来时连用；“after时间 段”常与过去时连用 before 在之前 over 在期间；直到结束 Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 简很着急，因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。 In Britain，its not unu
8、sual to have a business meeting over breakfast. 在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。 易错提醒 1当时间名词前有 this，that，last，next，every，each 等词修饰时，通常不 用任何介词。 2“on/upon名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一就”。 2表示方位的介词 介词 用法 at 后常接相对较小的地方 in 后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内 on 表示“在上”。(反义词 beneath) across 表示“从的表面穿过；在对面” through 表示“从的内部穿过” over 表示“从的上面跨过”(反义词 unde
9、r) above 指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、 数量、水平、年龄等“超过，多于，大于”(反义词 below) The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little scream. 狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪。 The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room. 阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。 3表示方式的介词 表示使用的工具、手段、材料时，with，by，in，on 都意为“用”。with 多指 用具体的工具、身
10、体的某部位或器官；by 侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种 交通工具；in 指使用某种语言、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。 by train 乘火车；on the radio 通过收音机；on TV 通过电视；with a pencil 用铅 笔 4表示“除之外”的介词(短语) 介词 用 法 besides 意为“除之外(还有)”，相当于 in addition to except 意为“除之外(别无)”，可接名词、代词、介词短语 but 意为“除之外”( except) apart from 既可相当于 besides 或 in addition to，也可相当于 except for o
11、ther than 意为“除之外(别无)” Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. 除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。 易错提醒 1but 常用于 nobody，none，no one，nothing，anything，everyone，all 之后； 作为连词，后接不定式时，如果前有实义动词 do，则不定式中的 to 省略。 2besides 还可作副词，意为“另外，而且”，在句中常作插入语。 3except 还可用作连词，后接从
12、句。 5表示原因的介词(短语) for，because of，due to，thanks to，owing to，on account of，as a result of The openair celebration has been put off because of the bad weather. 因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。 Owing to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。 易错提醒 上述短语都可作状语， due to 还可作表语。 thanks to
13、 表示“多亏， 幸亏”，多位于句首。 6其他常考的介词 介词 用法 against 违背，反对；倚靠；以为背景，衬托 beyond (范围、限度)超出，为所不能及 by 程度或增减的幅度；按计 despite 尽管 for (表示目的)为了；(表示对象或用途)给；因为；从来看；赞成， 支持 with 和在一起；和，跟；具有，带有；(表示伴随)随着 within (范围、程度)在内 without 没有 off (表示位置)在的外面；(表示方向)偏离；从离开 She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.
14、她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。 The exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the class. 这个练习超出了班里大多数学生的能力。 考点二 常考介词短语及搭配 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1 (2020 南充市统考)I got a place next to the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. 2(2020 哈尔滨第三中学第一次验收)Start with single syllables and do that a lot and then syllable p
15、airs. 3(2020 河北五个一名校联盟第二次联考)Do you want to keep up with the latest research and discoveries in science? .单句改错 4 (2020 宜宾市第一次诊断)In my surprise, he just stared at me, looking puzzled. InTo 5(2020 郑州第三次质量预测)He would give the flowers to his mother with person. within 要点解读 高考中的语法填空和短文改错将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查，介
16、词与 名词、形容词与介词、动词与介词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点。常考介词短语 及固定搭配有： 1与名词的搭配 at a time 每次，一次 at a loss 困惑，不知所措 at first sight 乍一看 at table 在吃饭 by mistake 错误地 by the way 顺便说 in charge 主管，看管 in return 作为回报 in turn 依次；转而 in shape 健康状况良好 in trouble 处于困境中 on purpose 故意地 on holiday 在度假 in time 及时，迟早 on time 准时 on average 平均 in
17、 honour of 为向表示敬意 in place of 代替 in memory of 为了纪念 in addition to 除了 by hand 手工 on the contrary 与此相反 on account of 由于 on behalf of 代表 approach to 的方法 visit to 到的访问 for the sake of 为了 by means of 借助 the reason for 的原因 lack of 缺乏 by accident/chance 偶然 beyond ones reach 够不着 in advance 在前头，事先，预先 in the
18、long run 从长远来看 beyond description 无法形容 out of breath/balance 上气不接下气/失去平衡 to ones surprise/astonishment 令某人惊奇/吃惊的是 under construction/consideration 在建设/考虑 at the cost of 以为代价 in support/favor of 支持，支援 in terms/view of 鉴于，根据 for the purpose of 为了目的 for the benefit of 为了的利益 on the way to 在去的路上 on the b
19、asis of 以为基础 2与动词的搭配 answer for 对负责 apply for 申请 call at 拜访(地点) refer to 谈到；涉及；查阅 result from 由于 suffer from 遭受 approve of 赞成 complain of 抱怨 consist of 由组成 dream of 梦到 think of 想起；考虑到 call on 拜访(某人) depend/rely on 依靠 result in/lead to 导致 belong to 属于 date from/back to 追溯到 keep/prevent/stop sb.from d
20、oing sth.阻止某人做 protect.from 保护不受伤害 succeed in 在方面成功 3与形容词的搭配 be aware of 意识到 be proud of 以为荣 be tired of 厌倦 be angry with sb.对生气 be eager for 渴望 be absent from 缺席 be ashamed of 对感到羞耻 be sure of 对有信心；确信 be familiar with sth.熟悉 be familiar to sb.为所熟悉 be patient with 对有耐心 be pleased/satisfied with 对满意
21、be popular with sb.受欢迎 be strict with sb.对严格 be addicted to 对上瘾；沉溺于 be available to 对可用；可供使用 be beneficial to 对有益处 be devoted to 致力于，献身于 be similar to 与相似 be confident in 对有信心 be anxious about/for 忧虑，担心 be crazy about 热衷；着迷 be curious about 对好奇 be particular about 挑剔 be suitable for/to 适合于 4其他搭配 far
22、 from 远非 once in a while 偶尔 up to 达到；由决定 in spite of 尽管；虽然 after all 毕竟，终究 ahead of (时间，空间)在前面；领先 5易错的搭配 with the help of 在的帮助下 under the leadership of 在的领导下 the article in the newspaper 报纸上的文章 a hole in the wall 墙上的洞 a bird in the tree 树上的鸟 apples on the tree 树上的苹果 tickets for the concert 音乐会的票 in
23、the direction of 朝着的方向 set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样 【技法点拨】 在语法填空中： 1“是否宾语”作依据 介词必须要接宾语，宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词或 what 从句充当。若空 格后是名词、代词或动名词且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语，则空格处要考 虑填介词。 2“四种方法”来确定所填介词 (1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系； (2)根据语境含义结合介词用法； (3)根据特殊的结构关系，如接复合宾语就只能用 with 或 without； (4)根据介词与动词等的搭配。 在短文改错中： 1熟练掌握介词的基本用法，即介词后用名词、代词或相当于
24、名词的词、短 语或句子作宾语。做题时，观察句中是否有这一类词，以此确定所改词是否是介 词；或句子中介词是否缺失或多余，以便添加或删除。 2观察句中名词、动词、形容词等的前后的搭配，然后根据介词与它们的搭 配来判断是否误用，还是多词或漏词，解题的关键是掌握一些固定搭配和固定短 语。 3检查副词前是否多加了介词。 .单句语法填空 1 The Scottish girl _ blue eyes won first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest. with 句意：在第五届汉语演讲比赛中，那位有着一双蓝色眼睛的苏格兰姑 娘获得了一等奖。with “有
25、，具有”。 2 The driver managed to escape _ the vehicle and gave a warningplease bypass the accident car. from 句意：那名司机设法从车里逃了出来并发出警告事故车辆，请绕 行。escape from “从逃出”。 3Some people use hand- written letters in preference _ typing because theyre more personal and represent your sincerity. to 句意：一些人使用手写的书信，而不是打印信
26、件，因为手写信件更个性 化，也代表你的真诚。in preference to 意为“而不是”。 4Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential _ putting too much pressure on them. without 句意：父母需要在不给孩子们施加太多压力的情况下鼓励他们发展 自己的潜能。without “没有”。without doing sth. “没有做某事”。 5Although the price has gone up by 5%, its still _ the limit set by the
27、 government. within 句意：虽然价格已经上涨了 5%，但是仍然在政府设定的限度之内。 within “在之内”，符合句意。 6Sorry, madam. Youd better come tomorrow because its _ the visiting hours now. beyond 句意：对不起，夫人。你最好明天来，因为现在已经超过探视时间 了。beyond 意为“在较远的一边，超出”，符合句意。 7Our school has developed various beneficial sports activities _ classes to refresh
28、students. between 句意：在课间休息时，我们学校开发了各种各样的有益的体育活动 来让学生放松。between 用于两者之间，也可指多个事物中的两者之间；among 用 于三者或三者以上。课间是指两节课之间，因此应用 between。 8 _all the animals Ive ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word. Of 句意：在所有我养过的动物中，这两条狗对口头语言最敏感。此处 of 用来表示范围，意为“在之中”。 .单句改错 1We went to swim in the ri
29、ver in a very hot day so we were all tired._ 第二个 inon 有定语修饰时，day 前用介词 on。 2Under your help, I finished my job on time so the manager praised me. _ UnderWith 句意：在你的帮助下，我按时完成了我的工作，经理表扬了 我。with ones help 相当于 with the help of sb. 是固定搭配，意为“在某人的帮助 下”。 3Please help with me and give me some advice on how to
30、 learn English well. _ 删除 with help 为及物动词，故删除 with。 4More and more high- rise buildings have been built in big cities in lack of space. _ 第二个 infor 句意： 因为缺乏空间， 大城市里建起了越来越多的高层建筑。 for lack of 固定短语，意为“因为缺乏”。 5She moved back home to care about her elderly parents. _ aboutfor 句意：她搬回家住，好照料年迈的双亲。care for “
31、照料”，care about “在乎”。 .语法填空 (2020 安顺市第一次联考)Today my daughter and I went to a parking lot 1 _(sell) some of our eggs.Its an 2 _(extreme) cold day.As we pulled into the parking lot, there was a man 3 _(sit) by the roadside, holding his bike, and he held up a paper on 4 _he had written “I will work for
32、food” He was still there as we left the parking lot, and I asked my daughter, “Should we get him some food or some money？” and she said, “Yes, lets.” So I pulled up next 5 _him, got out of the car, and gave him all my egg money.I still had another dozen 6 _(egg) in the car, so I asked if he wanted t
33、hem, 7 _unexpectedly, he said no.He still had half a dozen and he didnt want 8 _(donate) from others more than he needed. I felt 9 _(freeze) through and through just standing there talking with him for a minute, and he must be sitting there for hours.Im glad we 10 _(stop), Im glad I got out of the c
34、ar and talked with him for a few minutes.I hope he has a warm place to sleep tonight. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者和女儿去停车场卖鸡蛋时遇 到了一个饥饿穷困的男人并给予了帮助的故事。 1to sell 此处要用动词不定式作目的状语。 2extremely 此处 extreme 要修饰形容词 cold，故用副词形式。 3sitting sitting 是 v.- ing 形式，此处用作定语，修饰 man。 4which 此处为定语从句，所填关系词前有介词，故填 which，which 指前 面的
35、paper。 5to 此处是固定搭配，next to 在旁边。 6eggs 其前面有“another dozen”修饰，此处应用复数。 7but 根据上下文可知，此处应是转折关系，故填 but。 8donation(s) 此处用名词形式 donation，用作 want 的宾语。 9frozen/freezing 此处的 frozen 是过去分词，但可以当作形容词理解，表 示“感到寒冷的；冻僵的” ；同时 freezing 也可以表示“寒冷的”。 10 stopped 此处 stop 是指之前作者正准备走时，看到这个人还在那里而停 下来和他说话，所以是过去时态。故填 stopped。 .短文改
36、错 (2020 广西毕业班大联考)Our city sets up a project about environmental protection three years ago.Many people have been taken part in it since it was run.It is obvious what peoples awareness of environmental protection are increasing.Some people think factory owners have much responsibility for preserve th
37、e environment.Environmentalists have made many statement to support their own opinions so far.Some factory owners focus on enlarging production in order to make a largely amount of money.Their actions have resulted from much pollution.I think they should be punishing by law.I want to be environmenta
38、l expert to make a contribution to protecting our beautiful homeland. 【答案】 Our city sets set up a project about environmental protection three years ago.Many people have been taken part in it since it was run.It is obvious what that peoples awareness of environmental protection are is increasing.Som
39、e people think factory owners have much responsibility for preserve preserving the environment.Environmentalists have made many statement statements to support their own opinions so far.Some factory owners focus on enlarging production in order to make a largely large amount of money.Their actions have resulted from in much pollution.I think they should be punishing punished by law.I want to be an environmental expert to make a contribution to protecting our beautiful homeland.
