1、必修一词汇必修一词汇 1 1 Units 1-3 编稿：李万杰 审稿：牛新阁 知识讲解知识讲解 单词单词部分部分： add 【点拨】【点拨】v. 增加，增添 Shall I add your name to the list? 我可以把你的名字写进名单吗？ A new wing was added to the building. 这座大楼新添了一座边房。 add 还可表示“补充说”，后常接从句。 He added that Jason lost money because he would not tell a lie.（2015 高考湖北卷） 他补充说 Jason 丢钱了，因为他不会说谎。
2、 【拓展】【拓展】 add to; addto; add up to add to = increase, raise 增加，增添 She even did extra work to add to the family income. 他甚至加班加点，以增加家庭收入。 I dont want to add to your trouble. 我不想增加你的麻烦。 addto 把加到上去 (to join numbers, amount, etc. so as to find the total)， 主语是人或物。分写时 add 为及物动词，但 add 不单独作谓语，必须和 to 连用。不可说
3、four adds nine。可说： If you add four to nine, you get thirteen. 四加九等于十三。 If four is added to nine, it makes thirteen. 或 Four added to nine makes thirteen. 这里 added to nine 是过去分词短语，修饰 four，four added to nine 是主语，makes thirteen 是谓语。 He added some sugar to the coffee. 他给咖啡里加了些糖。 add up /together to 合计、加起
4、来总和是。引申义可表示“意味着（=mean）”。 Five and fifteen add up to twenty. 五加十五是二十。 I dont think these facts will add up to anything. 这些事实我看不说明任何问题。 His words add up to this: we should serve the people heart and soul. 他说的意思是：我们应该全心全意为人民服务。 She gave many excuses, but what they added up to was that she didnt want to
5、 come. 她提出了种种借口，但只不过说明她不想来。 addition n. 附加物；additional adj. 附加的；in addition to 除之外 concern 【点拨】【点拨】n. 担心，关心，关系； v. 涉及，有关 One of the NASAs major concerns about astronauts is how they can remain healthy for long in space. (2015 湖北高考) 美国航空航天局对宇航员的关注之一是他们怎么样在太空长时间保持健康。 Dont be involved in what doesnt co
6、ncern you. 不要管那些与你无关的事。 【拓展】【拓展】show/express concern about/ for 对表示关心/担心 have concern with 和有关系 with concern 关切地 concern oneself about/ for 担忧/关心 concern oneself with 从事，参与 concern sb. / sth. 与有关 派生词汇： concerned adj. 有关的；担心的 be concerned about/ over/for 关心；挂念 be concerned with/ in 牵扯进/参与 all parties
7、 concerned 有关各方 as/so far as be concerned 就而言 prefer 【点拨】【点拨】vt 宁可，宁愿（选择） ，更喜欢 ： What kind of department do the speakers prefer?(2015 福建高考) 这些说话者更喜欢哪种部门？ 提出（声明，请求，控诉） ： prefer a charge against sb. 向某人提出控告 prefer sth. / to do sth. / sb to do sth. 更喜欢；较喜欢 prefer doing A to doing B 与做 B 事相比，宁愿做 A 事 pre
8、fer A to B = like A better than B 喜欢 A 胜于 B prefer to dorather than dowould rather do than dowould dorather than do 宁愿做 而不愿做 注意：prefer sth. to sth. 中的 to 是介词；prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.中 to 是动词不 定式的符号。 【拓展】【拓展】 preferable adj. 更可取的，更合意的； preference n. 喜爱，偏爱 request 【点拨】【点拨】 n. hes reliable
9、. 他值得信赖，不会让你失望。 In respect of financial standing, this firm is reliable. 在资信方面，这家商行还是很可靠的。 The news comes from a reliable source. 这消息来自可靠的来源。 I dont think he is a reliable man. 我认为他不是一个可靠的人。 persuade 【点拨】【点拨】 作作说服；劝服说服；劝服解时，解时，persuade 主要用法有：主要用法有： 通常接不定式的复合结构，即 persuade sb. to do sth. 意为说服某人干某事。有时，
10、可 以只跟一个名词或代词，省略其后的不定式。 I wish you could persuade her to think it over. 我希望你说服她仔细考虑此事。 He strongly urged me to go abroad for further education, and finally he persuaded me. 他强烈要求我去国外进修，并最终说服了我。 persuade sb. into doing sth./persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 How can we persuade them into joining us? 我们怎样
11、才能说服他们加入我们呢？ She couldnt help being persuaded into making peace with her parents. 她经不住劝说只好与她的父母言和。 表示劝说而不一定“劝服”时，多用 try to persuade 结构。 The son tried to persuade his father to give up smoking. 儿子劝其父亲戒烟。 We tried to persuade our teacher not to punish us for being late. 我们劝说老师不要因为迟到处罚我们。 作作使相信使相信解时，其解
12、时，其主要用法有：主要用法有： 接 that 从句： She persuaded him that she was telling the truth. 她使他相信她在说真话。 接 of 短语，即构成 persuade sb. of sth.结构： How can I persuade you of my sincerity? 我怎样才能使你相信我的真心实意呢？ We are persuaded of the justice of her case. 我们确信对她案件的审理是公正的。 派生词汇：派生词汇： persuasive adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的；persuasion n. 说服
13、；信服；信念 He couldnt show us a persuasive excuse. 他不能向我们提供一个有说服力的理由。 After a lot of persuasion, he agreed to come. 好说歹说，他才同意来。 ignore【高清课堂：【高清课堂：人教新课标必修一人教新课标必修一 词汇词汇 第一讲第一讲（unit1-3） 】 【点拨】【点拨】vt. 不顾, 不理, 忽视 If you ignore someone or something, you pay no attention to them. 如果你忽视某人或某物，你会不注意他们。 She said
14、her husband ignored her. 她说她的丈夫不理她。 She ignored legal advice to drop the case. 她不顾法律上的建议，放下这个案件。 【拓展】【拓展】ignorant adj. 无知的, 愚昧的 If you describe someone as ignorant, you mean that they do not know things they should know. If someone is ignorant of a fact, they do not know it. 如果你把某人描述成“无知的” ，你 的意思是他们
15、对于本该知道的事情不了解。如果某人对一个事实“ignorant” ，意思是他不知 道这件事。 People dont like to ask questions for fear of appearing ignorant. 人们不喜欢问问题，害怕显得无知。 suffer【高清课堂：【高清课堂：人教新课标必修一人教新课标必修一 词汇词汇 第一讲第一讲（unit1-3） 】 【点拨】vi. 受痛苦; 受损害；vt. 忍受, 容忍，后面一般跟“不太好”的词，如疾病、痛苦 等方面的词。 If you suffer pain, you feel it in your body or in your m
16、ind. 如果你遭受痛苦，你会在身体上或心理上感受到。 Within a few days she had become seriously ill, suffering great pain and discomfort. 几天的时间内，她病得很重，忍受着巨大的痛苦和不适。 If you suffer from an illness or from some other bad condition, you are badly affected by it. 如果你经受疾病或其他一些恶劣的情况，你会受到不好的影响。 I realized he was suffering from disea
17、se. 我意识到了他的病让他很痛苦。 【词汇派生词汇派生】 suffering Suffering is serious pain which someone feels in their body or their mind. It has caused terrible suffering to animals. 重点短语重点短语 go through 【点拨】【点拨】go through 通过，经受，仔细检查，完成 go through too many wars 经过太多的战争 go through with ones promise 实践诺言 As you go through th
18、is book, you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience. (2015 湖南高考 ) 当你读完这本书， 你会发现经历过第二次世界大战数百万人中的每一个都有不同的经历。 【拓展】【拓展】break through 冲破 get through 完成, 通过 live through 活过 look through 浏览 read through 通读 see through 看穿 have been through wit
19、h 经受过 (很多苦) through thick and thin 共患难 through and through 彻底，完全 set down 【点拨】记下，放下，认为，归因于 Set down his name and address. 记下他的名字和地址。 He set down the book on the table. 他把书放在桌上。 I set the man down as a soldier. 我以为那人是个士兵。 I set down his bad temper to his health. 我认为他的坏脾气是由于身体的原因。 【拓展】set down (doing)
20、 sth. 着手(做)某事 set out to do sth. 着手做某事 set off 动身,引爆 set up 竖起,创设,开办 注: 表示“记下, 写下”时：set down = put down = write down = get down do with 【点拨】处理，与有关 What does George suggest Stephanie do with the report? (2015 高考新课标 I) have sth. to do with 与有关 have nothing to do with 与无关 have much / a lot to do with 与
21、有很大关系 【拓展】do with 表示“处置”时常与 what 搭配，而 deal with 常与 how 搭配。 what to do with his camel/ how to deal with his camel 怎么处置他的骆驼 what 与 how 的其他搭配： What do you think of ? 你认为怎么样？ How do you like / find ? 你认为怎么样？ What to do it next? 下一步怎么办？ do without 没有也行 If theres none left well have to do without. 如果没有剩余的
22、我们就只得将就了。 for once 【点拨】for once 就这一次 For once youre right. 只有这一次你是对的。 I think we might relax ourselves for this once. 我想我们就这么一次可以放松一下。 【拓展】all at once 突然; 同时 once and for all 永远地；一劳永逸地 once in a while 偶尔 once more / again 再一次 once upon a time 从前( 用于开始讲故事) at once 立刻；同时 means of transportation/ trans
23、port 【点拨】交通方式 Every possible means has been tried, but none worked. 每种可能的方法都试过了，但是没有一种管用。 by all means= in all ways 不惜一切 by this means= in this way 用这种方法 by no means= in no way 决不；一点也不 by means of = by 通过；借助于 cover 【点拨】 cover v.盖， 覆盖； 行走(一段路程)； 看完(多少页书)； 占(面积)； 报道； 包括(含)； 涉及；处理；掩蔽，遮盖；足以支付 cover.with
24、.用盖住 be covered with.用覆盖/盖满 cover an area of.占地面积为 under the cover of.在掩护下；趁着，打着的幌子；以为借口 cover sth. up 遮盖；隐瞒 cover a lot of ground 走很长的路 cover the event 采访这个事件 The revision covered everything we learned last term. 复习的内容包括了我们上学期学的所有内容。 We all know that lies can not cover facts. 我们都知道谎言掩盖不了事实。 The bir
25、d covered the longest distance on the third day. (2015 北京高考) 这只鸟在第三天飞越的距离最长。 Does $1,000 cover the bill? 1 000 美元够你付账的吗？ 【拓展】interview 和 cover 辨析： 二者都有“采访”的含义，但是用法不同：interview 采访的对象是“人” ，所以要跟表示人 的名词作宾语；cover 采访的对象是“事” ，所以要跟表示事物的名词作宾语。 face to face 【点拨】面对面地 They stood face to face with each other. 他们
26、面对面地站着。 face to face 常与 with 连用，表示 “与面对面”, 在句中作状语。 He came face to face with death. 他面临死亡。 【拓展】 heart to heart 心贴心地, 坦诚地 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地 hand in hand 手拉手地 arm in arm 臂挽臂地 side by side 并排地 back to back 背靠背地 注意：face-to-face 是合成形容词，在句中作定语。 Well have a face-to-face interview. 我们要进行一次面对面的采访。 fa
27、ce to face 中不用任何冠词，类似短语有： from door to door 挨门挨户地 from mouth to mouth 口口相传地 from left to right 从左到右地 from generation to generation 一代一代地 from head to foot 从头到脚 from time to time 不时地 get along with 【点拨】进展，相处 How are you getting along with your classmates? 你与同学相处怎样? get along well / nicely with 与相处得很好
28、 Hes getting along well with his business. 他生意做得很顺利。 get along badly with 与相处得不好 get along with 中的 along 也可以用 on 替换。 get along with sb. 是“与某人相处得如何” ，get along with sth. 是“某事进展得如何” 。 I want to know how they are getting along with the work. 我想知道他们的工作进展得怎么样。 come up 【点拨】走近；上来；提出 The little boy came up
29、to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. 小男孩向陌生人走去，并告诉他去警察局的路。 So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams?（2015 北京高考） 你怎样想出很棒的白日梦呢？ It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting. 这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。 I am afraid something urgent has come up. 恐怕发生了什么急事。 【拓展】 co
30、me across 邂逅； come about 发生； come at 向扑来，攻击； come from 来 自； come out 出版； 开花； 结果是； come up with 想出； come round 绕道而来； come down 落下，塌下 make use of 【点拨】利用；使用 You ought to make use of any opportunity to practice English. 你应该利用一切机会练习英语。 【拓展拓展】 make good use of 好好利用 make full use of 充分利用 make the best/most
31、 of 充分利用 We will make good use of her talents. 我们要很好地发挥她的才能。 on purpose【高清课堂：【高清课堂：人教新课标必修一人教新课标必修一 词汇词汇 第一讲第一讲（unit1-3） 】 【点拨】on purpose 故意地；有目的地 If you do something on purpose, you do it intentionally. 如果你故意做某事，你就是有目的地做它。 Was it an accident or did David do it on purpose (intentionally)? 这只是意外还是戴维故
32、意为之？ 【拓展拓展】 其反义词组为 by mistake。 词语辨析：词语辨析： pay, salary, wage 【点拨】pay 指“工资，薪金” ，是不可数名词，常指按时支付的固定薪酬，也指海陆军人 以及在政府部门工作的人的新酬，可用来代替 salary 或 wages。 How much tax do they take out of your pay? 他们从你的工资中抽多少税？ I get my pay every Friday. 我每星期五领薪水。 salary 薪水，可用作可数或不可数名词。通常指非体力劳动者（如白领阶层的工作者或 掌管业务的行政人员等）所得的报酬，一般按月发
33、或半年、一年发放一次。 He is paid for his work at a high salary. 他的工作薪水很高。 I draw my salary at the end of every month. 我每个月底领工资。 wage 指“工资，工钱” ，通常指付给体力劳动者工资，也可指按记时工资，常用复数形 式， 其谓语动词也用复数。 指工资多或少时， 常说 much / little wage, 不说 many / few wages。 Wages are high in this country. 这个国家的工资待遇高。 She has a rise in her wages.
34、 她涨了工资。 calm, quiet, still, silent 【点拨】calm 意为“平静的，沉着的” ，指无风浪或人的心情不激动； quiet 意为“宁静的，安静的” ，指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑； still 意为“静止的，不动的” ，指没有运动或动作的状态； silent 意为“寂静的，沉默的，不发音的” ，指没有声音或不讲话。 He kept calm in face of great danger. 面临巨大危险他还是保持镇静。 He leads a quiet life. 他过着平淡的生活。 Ask the children to keep silent. 让孩
35、子们保持安静。 Please keep/stay still while I take your photo. 我给你拍照时请别动。 concern, anxiety, care, worry 【点拨】concern 语气较轻，指对非常喜爱的人或物的担忧； anxiety 指“担忧，挂念，焦急” ，指对未来的事或不能确定的不安，主要是怕发生不幸 的事，但并非消极的悲观失望，而是积极地希望避免不幸，另外还有渴望做某事或获得某事 的含义； care 指“担心，挂念，操心” ，不仅指感情上的担忧，也包括在理智上对某事的挂念和 操心； worry“担心，烦恼，操心” ，是日常用语，指过分的担心或无济于
36、事的忧虑等。 His childs future was his greatest concern. 孩子的前途是他最关心的问题。 As his confidence in work increased, his anxieties about it disappeared. 因为对工作的信心曾加了，他对工作的担忧消失了。 Care had made him look ten years older . 操心使他看起来老了 10 岁。 Too much worry had made him look like an old man. 过分忧虑使他看起来像位老人。 in order to, so
37、 as to, so as to 【点拨】in order to 引导的不定式作目的状语，可置于句首或句末。 so as to 引导的不定式作目的状语，其位置一般在句末。 In order to catch the train, he hurried through his work. He hurried through his work in order to / so as to catch the train. 为了赶火车，他匆匆忙忙完成了工作。 （表目的） so. as to 结构中， so + adj./ adv. as to do 表示一个结果，意为达到某种程度。 Would y
38、ou be so kind as to lead me to the hospital? 请你把我带到医院去好吗？ 否定结构：in order not to do/ so as not to do. 注意： 主从句主语一致时才能用in order to/so as to来引导， 否则， 改用so that/ in order that 来引导。 In order to see it clearly, I put on my glasses. 为了看清楚，我戴上了眼镜。 = I put on my glasses in order to/ as to see it clearly. = I pu
39、t on my glasses to see it clearly. = To see it clearly, I put on my glasses. energy, force, strength 与与 power 【点拨】energy 主要指“人的精力”或“自然界的能力” 。 force 主要指非自然界的力量、暴力、势力、说服力、压制力、法律、道德或感情的力 量、事的力量等。总之，它是活动过程中的力量。 strength 常指固定潜在的力量，着重指人的力气或者物体的强度、潜力等。 power 主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、 功能， 人或机器等事物的潜在的或所能发挥出来 的力量、职权、权利或
40、政权。 Old as he is, he has so much energy that he can work 14 hours a day. 尽管年纪大，但他有足够的精力每天工作 14 小时。 The police had to use force when they took him to the police station. 警察带他警察局时，他们不得不使用武力。 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 He lost some of the strength in his muscles when he stopped exercising. 他停止锻炼时，肌肉就失
41、去了力量 voyage，journey，travel，trip，tour 【点拨】voyage 指“去国外或较远地方的海上旅行” 。 journey 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行。 travel 作“旅行、游历”解，一般表示“从一地到另一地旅行”这一总的概念。常指长 时间、远距离的“旅行” ，尤指出国旅行。可作动词和名词。其复数形式意思为“游记” 。 trip 一般指时间短、距离近的“旅行、远足” ，也可以指长途旅行。在非正式用语中可 代替 journey。只作名词。 tour 指“为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行” 。 At first I was afraid the long jou
42、rney would be too much for her. 起初我担心她不能走这样远的路。 They are now making a bridal tour. 他们正在新婚旅行。 I go to work by train, and the trip takes 40 minutes. 我坐火车上班, 路上花 40 分钟。 Is he back from his travels yet? 他游历回来了吗? especially，specially 【点拨】especially 意思是“尤其，特别”，表达事物的不寻常或特别重要；specially 指“为 了某一目的，专门做某事”。 Our city is very beautiful, especially in spring. 我们城市很美丽，尤其在春天。 He came here specially to ask you for help. 他是专程来这里向你求助的。
