1、限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰限制作用 分类 非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用,与主句往往用逗号隔开 仅用于指人:who,whom(主,宾) 仅用于指物:which(主,宾) 即可指人也可指物:that,whose,as(主,宾,表,定) 当先行词是不定代词_等时 当先行词前面有_ 当先行词是_ 用 that 不用 which 当先行词是_ 当先行词_ 当主句以_开头时 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用_,另一个用_ 当先行词在主句中做表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语。 关系代词 _ 用 which 不用 that _ _ 先行词是指人的不定代词,如: one, ones, any
2、one, no one, those, 用 who 不用 that 在 there be 结构中,先行词指人时 when: _ 关系副词 where: _ why: _ 定 语 从 用 法 关系代词基本用法关系代词基本用法 关系代词(限制性定语从句) 先行词 句子成分 主 及物动词宾语或没被 提前的介词宾语 被提前的介 词的宾语 表语 定 人 物 s 备注:(1)_。 (2)that, which, whom, who 在限制性定语从句中,前面没有介词的时候作宾语, _ 关系代词(非限制性定语从句) 先行词 句子成分 主 及物动词宾语 或没被提前的 介词宾语 被提前的 介词的宾 语 表语 定
3、人 物 句子 / 备注:(1)as 和 which 引导句子时,as 可以放在_,which 只能用_。 (2)非限制性定语从句中关系词在定语做任何成分都_。 关系副词基本用法关系副词基本用法 关系副词(限制性定语从句) 先行词 句子成分 主 宾 表 定 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 时间(occasion) t 地点(situation,case,point,stage,Internet,condition) 原因(reason) 备注:when= (_等+which), where= (_等+which), why=_which 关系副词(非限制性定语从句) 先行词 句子成分 主 宾 表
4、定 时间状语 地点状语 时间 地点 备注:when= (_等+which), where= (_等+which) 特殊用法:特殊用法: . .which as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected 等结构等结构 中。中。例如:一般译为正如正如就像就像,这一点这一点 As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . (as 作宾语) =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health . (as
5、 作主语) =Its known to all that smoking is harmful to ones health . =Smoking is harmful to ones health, as we all know .(as 作宾语) Jack has won the first prize, as often happens. 像往常一样,Jack 得了一等奖。 先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态形式时, 通常用先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态形式时, 通常用 as 不用不用 which,从句谓语通常为:从句谓语通常为: be known, be said, be report
6、ed,be announced, be mentioned 等。如果从句中谓语动词是主动语态,一般用等。如果从句中谓语动词是主动语态,一般用 which 作作 主语。主语。 Eg: She has been absent again, as is expected. 她又缺席了,这在预料之中。 Tom has made rapid progress, which makes me very happy. . .先行词是先行词是 way,如何选用关系词。,如何选用关系词。 当当 way 做定语从句中的状语时,选用做定语从句中的状语时,选用 that/ in which/ 省略省略 Eg: The
7、 way (that/ in which) he explained the question was quite simple. 他解释那个问题的方法很简单。 当当 way 后面的从句缺少主语、宾语时,关系词用后面的从句缺少主语、宾语时,关系词用 that/ which (作宾语时关系词可以省略作宾语时关系词可以省略) Eg: The way ( that/ which) he told us was quite simple. 他告诉我们的那个方法很简单。 The way that/which was thought of by him was similar to Toms.他想出的这个
8、方法和汤姆的类似。 .定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数于先行词保持一致定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数于先行词保持一致 This is one of the best books that have ever been written. He is one of the students who study hard at school. 当当one前面有前面有_等限定词和修饰语时等限定词和修饰语时, 定语从句的谓语动词要与定语从句的谓语动词要与one保持一致而取单数形式保持一致而取单数形式 Eg:This is the only one of the best books that has ever
9、 been written. He is the only one of the students who studies hard at school. .介词介词+ +关系代词考点关系代词考点 引导定语从句时, that 和 who 不能用于介词之后, 能用于介词关系代词引导定语从句的代词只有 which 和 whom。 考查“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词前该选什么样的介词,要根据不同的语境、词组搭配、习语、 惯用法等来决定,归纳起来介词的选择主要依据如下几点: 介词与介词与_搭配。如:搭配。如: The farm on which I once worked has ta
10、ken on a new look(on the farm) 介词与从句中介词与从句中_搭配。如:搭配。如: Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands?(shake hands with sb.) In the dark street there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb. for help) 介词与定语从句中介词与定语从句中_搭配搭配,如:如: The west lake, for which Hang Zhou is famous, is a beautiful place.( be famous for) 根据句子的意思来决定根据句子的意思来决定, 但有些不可拆但有些不可拆开的“动词开的“动词+介词介词”短语”短语 look for; looke after; take care of。 Water is very important for us without which we cant live.