1、非谓语动词作表语,状语 例句选自2019年人教版必修一和必修二 要点一. 作表语 （ing/pp/ to do sth) 可放在 be ；变化系动词get/become/turn； 感官系动词seem/look/appear/ feel /sound/taste/smell；持续系动 词remain/keep/stay 等之后作表语，表示主语所处的情绪或状态。 观察下列课本原句再现： 1.My dream is to start my own IT company.(book 1 Welcome Unit) 2.Her next goal is to start a charity websi
2、te to raise money for children in poor countries. (book 2 unit3) 3.Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures.(book 1 unit 3) 4. What you first do is (to) mix the egg with flour. 你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好。你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好。 归纳一归纳一： 1).1).不定式和动名词都可以做不定式和动名词都可以做bebe动词的表语动词的表语: : 动名词作表语表示抽象的动
3、名词作表语表示抽象的 概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常性的行为；不定式多表概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常性的行为；不定式多表 示具体的动示具体的动 作，尤其是某一次的动作作，尤其是某一次的动作. . My hobby is playing guitar. (My hobby is playing guitar. (泛指）泛指） My task today is My task today is to do some washing.to do some washing. ( (具体的一次性的动作具体的一次性的动作) ) Ones dream/goal/task is to do Ones dre
4、am/goal/task is to do sthsth 某人的梦想某人的梦想/ /目标目标/ /任务是去任务是去 干什么干什么 2). 当不定式用作表语时，其中的 to 原则上是不能省略的,但是当主当主 语部分有动词语部分有动词do(did/do/does)do(did/do/does)的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以 省略省略to. to. 观察下列课本原句： 1.About 75% of the citys factories and buildings, 90percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals
5、 were gone. (book 1 Unit 4) 2.But hope was not lost. (book 1 unit 4) 3 .Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few years. (book 1 unit 4) 归纳二： sth/sb be lost/gone/missing 丢了 4.Written Chinese has also become an important means by
6、 which Chinas present is connected. (book 1 unit 5) 归纳三：及物动词如果没有宾语用被动结构（pp) 观察下列课本原句 4. 1). The first week was a little confusing. (book 1 unit 1) 2).I was afraid and I felt so alone and discourageddiscouraged. (book 2 unit 5) 归纳四： 英语中有很多与感觉有关的动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人令人 的”，多用来修饰物的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词过去分词 表示被动意
7、义，即“感到感到的”，多用来 修饰人、人的声音或表情修饰人、人的声音或表情等。 excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puzzled/excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puzzled/ tired tired 感到感到 exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interesting/puexciting/disappointing/frightening/
8、pleasing/satisfying/interesting/pu zzling/zzling/ tiringtiring令人令人感到感到. . 另外还有下列形容词 astonishing 令人惊讶的 astonished 感到惊讶的 inspiring 令人鼓舞的 inspired 受鼓舞的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 受到鼓舞的 moving 感人的 moved 受感动的 pleasing 令人高兴的 pleased 感到满意的 shocking 令人震惊的 shocked 感到震惊的 worrying 令人担心的 worried 感到担心的 实战演练： （
9、1） For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying （connect）. （2） In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained （stick） abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. stick/stuck/stuck （3） Ladies and gentlemen，please remain （seat/sit）until the plane has come
10、 to a complete stop. （4） Please remain （seat）；the winner of the prize will be announced soon. 单句写作 （5） 听到那个消息他似乎很高兴。 _ （6） 门仍然锁着。 _ _ connected stuck seated/sitting Seat vt 使某人就坐 seat sb/ oneself sit vi seated He seemed/appeared( to be happy) to hear the news. The door remained locked 选词填空 （7).His m
11、ost invitation was to perform on a TV program called “Top of the Pop”（exciting/excited） （8） I feel so ! At this time tomorrow morning I will be flying to Shanghai. （exciting/excited） （9） Brian felt when he was sitting on the sofa and watching TV. How his lifestyle was! （relaxing/relaxed） （10）He is a
12、lways me with some stories. I have been with it. （boring/bored） （11）He is at the news that his mother has to stay in Japan during Christmas. （disappointing/disappointed） （12）A sudden stop can be a very experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed. （frightening/frightened） （13）Although t
13、he little girl was ，she answered in a calm voice. （frightening/frightened） （14）The news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. （shocking/shocked） （15）The parents were by the news that their son needed an operation on his knee （shocking/shocked） （16） All I did was _（touch/to touch) the
14、 window, and it broke. exciting excited relaxed relaxing bored boring bored disappointed disappointing frightening frightened shocking shocked touch 要点二 非谓语动词作状语 课文原句再现 1.1).Each statue has a different face, leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier. (book 1 unit 2) 结果
15、状语 2).The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia , India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. (book1 unit4) 3).Over the years, the system developed into differen
16、t forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.(book 1 unit 5) 区别：He arrived at the station (only) to be told the train had gone 2. 1). Water，food，and electricity were hard to get. (book 1 unit 4). 2). Two years ago, I was told
17、 I had a serious disease which was difficult to cure. 归纳一：1.ing 和丌定式都可以做结果状语，放在主句的后面，但是ing形式表示自然的结果，(only) to do sth表示出乎意料的结果。 2.原因状语，当这些形容词light, heavy, hard/difficult, easy, comfortable, pleasant, dangerous impossible, interesting ,nice等出现时要用主动表被动，叧能用to do,丌能用to be done 3. 1).Mice ran out of the f
18、ields looking places to hide. (book 1 unit 4) 2). Watching them move slowing across the green grass, I am stuck by their beauty. (book 2 unit 2) 3).Hunters were shooting antelopes to/in order to/so as to make profits. (book 2 unit 2) = To/in order to make profits, hunters were shooting antelopes. 4）
19、.Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains. (book 2 unit 2) 5）.Born in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988. (book 2 unit 5) 6).Moved by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color
20、for the first time.” (book 2 unit 5) 7). Inspired, he asked his fans to make videos, which he then joined together into one performance. (book 2 unit 5) 8).Tasting delicious, the food sells well. 归纳二：1.作状语的时候，如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，先考虑是否表目的用to do sth(放于句首后面加逗号， 放于主句后to前没有逗号; 再考虑主动（ing）和被动（pp） 2. 系表结构做状语省略动
21、词be 3. 丌及物动词和系 动词作状语叧能用ing 形式 目的状语 概括总结一： 分词（短语）作状语:表示动作发生的背景或情况，其逻辑主语即是句子的主语。过去分词（短语）在句中作状语可以表示 时间、条件、方式或伴随、让步、原因等。 （1）表示时间 分词（短语）作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。when （2）表示条件 分词（短语）作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。If （3）表示方式或伴随 分词（短语）作方式状语或伴随状语， 可以转换成一个并列句。and do/did/does （4）表示让步 分词（短语）作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。Though （5）表示原因 分词（短语）作原
22、因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。Because 丌定式作状语可以表示: （1). 结果状语，位于主句之后，表示出乎意料的结果 （2). 目的状语，可以位于主句之前，后面有逗号：也可以位于主句之后，在句中前面没有逗号。 （3）原因状语，当这些形容词light, heavy, hard/difficult, easy, comfortable, pleasant, dangerous impossible, interesting nice等出现时要用主动表被动。 The river is dangerous to swim in. The music is pleasant to listen
23、to. The chair is comfortable to sit on. 逻辑宾语 概括总结二：某些概括总结二：某些pp作状语表状态，常见的有作状语表状态，常见的有: (be) lost in 迷路，丢失迷路，丢失 (be) lost in deep thought 陷入深思陷入深思 (be) absorbed in 专心于专心于 (be) dressed in 穿着穿着 (be) tired of 厌倦于厌倦于 (be) worried about 担心担心 (be) based on 基于基于/ 建立在建立在的基础上的基础上 (be) faced with面对着面对着 (be) bo
24、rn in 出生在出生在 Faced with difficulty, he was brave. = Facing difficulty, he . _ , he didnt hear the sound. 陷入沉思中，他并没有听到那个声音。陷入沉思中，他并没有听到那个声音。 _, he started to read a novel. 厌倦了那个冗长的演讲，他开始读起小说来。厌倦了那个冗长的演讲，他开始读起小说来。 _, the girl looked like an angel. 穿着白色的衣服，这个女孩看起来像个天使。穿着白色的衣服，这个女孩看起来像个天使。 Lost in deep
25、thought Tired of the long speech Dressed in white 实战演练实战演练 Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Asked what had happened, he kept silent. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. Left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all. The teacher entered the classroom,
26、 followed by some students. 原因原因 时间时间 条件条件 让步让步 伴随伴随 =Because my head was hit by , it ached. =When he was asked what , he kept silent. =If we were given more time, we would =Although the little boy was left alone , he didnt feel =The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by 过去分词作状语过去分词作
27、状语,有时可以在其前边加上有时可以在其前边加上when, while, if, unless, although, once等连词，以起到强调的作用等连词，以起到强调的作用，使句使句 意更加明确意更加明确。 Asked what had happened, he kept silent. (When) Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. (If) Left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all. . (Although) Rewrite
28、 the sentences, using the past participle as the adverbial. 1. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. 2. If it is taken according to the instructions, the medicine has no side effect. Taken according to the instructions,
29、 the medicine has no side effect. 3. Though he was defeated by the young player for the second time, he didnt lose heart. Defeated by the young player for the second time, he didnt lose heart. 4. Because he was born in a poor family, he had little schooling. Born in a poor family, he had little scho
30、oling. 独立成分作状语 有些分词或丌定式短语作状语，其形式的选择丌受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有： generally speaking 一般来说 strictly/ honestly/frankly speaking 严格地、诚实地、坦率地讲 considering/ given/taking into consideration 考虑到 judging from/by 根据.判断 compared with/to 不.相比provided/ providing/ suppose/ supposing/ assuming 假设 to be frank/ to tell you
31、the truth/ to be honest 坦率地说、跟你说实话、老实说 to make things/ the matter worse 更为糟糕的是 seeing that 鉴于 1).Considering/Given his age, he is quite tall.= Taking his age into consideration, he is quite tall. 2).Judging from his look, he didnt agree with you at all. 3).I lost my way in complete darkness and, to
32、make things worse, it began to rain. 4).To tell you the truth, I am a little tired. 5). Compared with this city, Beijing is bigger. （1） The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if （carry）out regularly，can improve our health. （2） （see）from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mounta
33、in is like a sea of trees. （3） Though （surprise）to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome. be surprised （4） （encourage）by the advances in technology，many farmers have set up wind farms on their lands. (5). _(make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand. (2016北京） (
34、6).I like staying up late _(watch)TV, surfing the Internet or doing something I am fond of. (7). You lose weight for a while, only _(gain) back more weight when you stop your weight loss program. Only to do sth 表示出乎意料的结果 (8). _(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long hard road to becomi
35、ng a football star. (9). The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, _(make) air conditioning unnecessary. 判断正（T）误（F） doing 表示自然而然的结果状语 小偷如果被抓，会受到警方的惩罚。 The meeting being held now is very important. （10） If caught，the police will punish the thief. （ ） （11） If caught，the thief will be punishe
36、d by the police. （ ） carried Seen surprised Encouraged To make watching to gain Raised making F T 句型转换 when aked about. （12） When he was asked about his impression of the apartment，he made no answer. ，he made no answer. （13） If we are united，we stand；if we are divided，we fall. ，we stand； ，we fall. （
37、14） The boy slid out of his room and was followed by his pet dog. The boy slid out of his room， . （15） Though he was rejected many times，the man didnt lose heart. ，the man didnt lose heart. 前后主语一致 reject vt 拒绝 （16） Because he was seriously injured，he had to be taken to the hospital. ，he had to be ta
38、ken to the hospital. Asked about his impression of the apartment United divided followed by his pet dog. Rejected many times Seriously injured 17).When _ (offer) help, one often says “Thank you” or “Its kind of you. 18)._(Separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plan
39、ts and animals not found in any other country in the world. Having been separated 19). Generally speaking, if _(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 20). He glanced at her, _( note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well. 21). The teacher came into the lab, _(follo
40、w) by some students. 22)._ (sleep) late in the morning, he turned off the alarm oclock. 目的状语 23)._(see) from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 24) ._(see) the sunset from the hill, he felt relaxed. 25). _(lose) in the woods, he finally saved by the police. Be lost in 系表结构作状语省略 be offered Separated taken noting followed To sleep Seen Seeing Lost
