1、中考总复习 语法专题语法专题 专题八专题八 动词的分类动词的分类 中考总复习 1 3 知识导图知识导图 2 考点梳理考点梳理 中考特训中考特训 知识导图知识导图 语法分析：英语动词分行为动词，连系动词，助动词和 情态动词四种。 考点梳理考点梳理 分类 用法与例子 行 为 动 词 及物动词：及物 动词作谓语，后 面必须跟宾语。 She has some bananas. 她有一些香蕉。 He is reading a book. 他正在读一本书。 不及物动词：不 及物动词作谓语， 后面不能跟宾语， 只有加上介词才 可接宾语 The party will start at 8 oclock. 晚会
2、将在8点开始。 （不及物动词start后不接宾语） Lets look at the picture on the wall. 咱们看看墙上这幅画吧。 （不及物动词look加上介词at才能接宾 语the picture） 分类 用法与例子 连 系 动 词 be（be动词） His father is a doctor in the hospital. 他爸爸是医院的医生。 表变化的： become（变成；成为） get（成为；变得） turn（使变得） go （变为） In summer，the food goes bad easily. （变坏） 在夏天，食物很容易变坏。 In winter
3、，the days get shorter and the nights get longer. 在冬天，日变短，夜变长。 In autumn，the leaves will turn yellow. （变颜色） 在秋天，叶子变黄了。 考点梳理考点梳理 分类 用法与例子 连 系 动 词 表感官的： seem（似乎；好像）； look（看起来） sound（听起来） feel（感觉起来） taste（尝起来） smell（闻起来） He looks young. 他看起来很年轻。 The clothes feel soft. 这衣服感觉起来很柔软。 That sounds good. That
4、sounds like a good idea. 这听起来很不错。 He seems young. It seems that he is young. 他好像很年轻。 考点梳理考点梳理 分类 用法与例子 连 系 动 词 表状态的： remain（仍然是保持 不变） keep（保持） stay（保持；维持） Can you keep the door open？ 你能让门开着吗？ No，I will keep it closed. 不，我要让门关着。 Everyone should exercise to stay healthy. 每个人都应该锻炼身体以保持健 康。 考点梳理考点梳理 分类
5、用法与例子 助 动 词 be（am，is，are， was，were） have（has，had） do（does，did） shall（should） will（would） The bell is ringing. 铃正响着。（is 帮助构成现在进 行时态） They do not go to school by bus. 他们不是乘公共汽车上学。 （do帮助构成否定结构） 考点梳理考点梳理 续表 分类 用法与例子 情 态 动 词 英语中的情态动 词有： can（could） may（might） must should need （一）情态动词的基本用法： 1. can （1）表能力，过
6、去式为could，意为“能； 会”，表示客观上具有某种能力。 He can swim but he cant skate. 他会游泳但不会滑冰。 （2）表示许可，用法相当于may。 Can I speak to Tom？ 我可以和汤姆通话吗？ 考点梳理考点梳理 分类 用法与例子 情 态 动 词 英语中的情态动 词有： can（could） may（might） must should need 2. could can 的过去式，当表请求时，could 不表 示过去式，语气比can 更委婉。 Could/Can I ask you some questions？ 我可以问你一些问题吗？ 3.
7、may/might （1）表示请求或许可，比can 正式，其 过去式为might。 May I have a look at your photo？ 我可以看看你的照片吗？ 考点梳理考点梳理 分类 用法与例子 情 态 动 词 英语中的情态动 词有： can（could） may（might） must should need （2）在回答带有may的一般疑问句时， 肯定回答用may/can，否定回答常用 mustnt，表示“一定不要，千万别”。否 定回答也可以用cant。 May I go shopping with Lily？ 我可以和莉莉去购物吗？ Yes，you can/ may. 可以
8、。 No，you mustnt. 不，一定不要。 考点梳理考点梳理 分类 用法与例子 情 态 动 词 英语中的情态动 词有： can（could） may（might） must should need 4. must （1）表示“必须”，强调说话人主观上的 看法，表示主观上的“必要”“一定”。 I must finish my homework on time. 我 必须按时完成作业。 （2）在回答带有must的一般疑问句时， 肯定回答用must，否定回答用 neednt/dont have to，表示“不必”。 Must I go now？ 我必须现在去吗？ Yes，you must. 是
9、的。 No，you neednt/ dont have to. 不，不必要。 考点梳理考点梳理 分类 用法与例子 情 态 动 词 英语中的情态动 词有： can（could） may（might） must should need 5. need （1）作情态动词时，多用于疑问句和否 定句，表示“需要，必须”。 You neednt go to the hospital. 你不必去医院。 （2）在回答带有need的一般疑问句时， 肯定回答用must。 Need I go now？ 我现在需要去吗？ Yes，you must. 是的，你必须去。 考点梳理考点梳理 分类 用法与例子 情 态 动 词
10、 英语中的情态动 词有： can（could） may（might） must should need （二）情态动词表示推测。 1. 用于肯定推测的情态动词 （1）must表示较有把握的推测，意为 “准是；一定”。后接动词原形，表示对 现在的推测。 Ive had no sleep for 48 hours. 我已经48小时没睡觉了。 You must be very tired. 你一定很累了。 考点梳理考点梳理 分类 用法与例子 情 态 动 词 英语中的情 态动词有： can（could） may（might） must should need （2）may/might用于肯定句中，表示
11、对现在 把握不大的推测，意为“也许；可能”。 Dont play with the knife. You may hurt yourself. 不要玩小刀，你可能会伤害了你自己。 2. 用于否定、疑问推测的情态动词 （1）否定推测cant/couldnt 表示否定推测， 语气最强，指“不可能”，带有惊异、怀疑 的感情色彩。 He has gone to Beijing. He cant be at home. 他去北京了，他不可能在家。 考点梳理考点梳理 分类 用法与例子 情 态 动 词 英语中的情态 动词有： can（could） may（might） must should need （2
12、）may not/might not 表示推测，语气 不很肯定，意为“可能不；也许不”。 He may not/might not be at home. 他可能不在家。 考点梳理考点梳理 动词中有很多的近义词，但其用法却不相同，请注意 以下几组近义词。 hear listen to hear听见，强调听的结果；listen to “听”，强调动作 的过程，不一定能听见。 I listen to him carefully，but I cant hear anything. bring take fetch carry bring带来，拿来。指从别处把物件拿来说话者的 地点。 take带去，拿
13、去。与bring相反，指从说话人所在地 把某人或某物带去或拿走。 fetch去然后拿来，双程路。 carry运载，搬动。指的是随身携带，没有任何方向。 考点梳理考点梳理 hope wish hope只有两种搭配：hope to do sth. ；hope that句子 wish用法较多，wish sb. to do；wish sb. n. （表祝愿） learn study learn表示通过学习、练习获得知识和技能，强调学会、 得知。 study表示学习研究，即深入学习，还可作名词。 find find out look for find“找到”，强调结果； 如要表示通过调查、访问等努力才发
14、现事实、弄明真 相则用find out； look for“寻找”，强调动作。 考点梳理考点梳理 say tell speak talk say说话内容； tell双宾语，tell sb. sth. /tell sth. to sb. ； speak作不及物动词表动作，作及物动词时speak语言； talk可作动词或作名词，give sb. a talk，talk with/to sb. ， talk about sth. look see watc h read look表示看的动作，词组有：look at，look up，look after，look onas； see“看见、看到”，表
15、示看的结果；see sb. do/doing sth. watch观察、观看，watch a football match，watch TV， watch sb. do/doing sth. read表示看、读，read a book/ a novel 考点梳理考点梳理 spend take cost pay spend主语是人，spendon sth. /spenddoing sth. 花时间/金钱干某事 take表示做某事花多少时间，句型为：It takes sb. some time to do sth. cost主语是物，表示某物花/值多少钱，句型为： sth. cost sb. mo
16、ney pay主语是人，表示花多少钱买某物，句型为：sb. payfor sth. stop to do stop doing stop to do sth. 表示停下来去做另一件事； stop doing sth. 表示停下正在做的事情。 wear dress put on wear表示穿的状态，常用于进行时态，除了表示 “穿”之外，还可以表示戴饰物、花、手表、眼镜 、领带等。 dress sb. 给某人穿衣服，get dressed穿上衣服。 put on表示穿的动作，意为“穿上”。 考点梳理考点梳理 be made of be made from be made of 用制成，可以看得出
17、 原材料。 be made from用制成，看不出原 材料是什么。 take place happen take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”， 一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这 种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先 的安排。 happen作“发生、碰巧”解，一般用于 偶然或突发性事件。 考点梳理考点梳理 一、语法单项选择。 （ ）1. Dirty air and water are harmful. They kill plants，and even people. A. can B. cant C. should D. shouldnt （ ）2. Yuan Longping，a f
18、amous Chinese scientist，is now doing research on sea rice. If farmers start planting rice in salty water，Chinas food supply will surely rise. A. can B. cant C. must D. mustnt A A 中考特训中考特训 （ ）3. It is reported that Ubers helicopter ride will $200225 one-way per person on average. Wow， it is too expen
19、sive. A. take B. pay C. cost D. spend C 中考特训中考特训 （ ）4. Tom， we play King of Glory（王者荣耀） together this weekend？ Im afraid not. There is too much homework to do. We finish it on time. A. shall；cant B. may；must C. shall；should D. can；cant C 中考特训中考特训 （ ）5. I have to practice playing the piano for two ho
20、urs every day. I cant stand it. Never halfway if you take your dream seriously. A. give away B. give up C. give out D. give back B 中考特训中考特训 （ ）6. Look！The woman at the school gate be her headmaster. No，it be her. She is holding a meeting in the office now. A. must；cant B. must；mustnt C. can；neednt D
21、. may；mustnt A 中考特训中考特训 （ ）7. Alan likes listening to loud music with earphones. I think it hurt her ears. A. cant B. may C. mustnt D. may not （ ）8. I cant find my English textbook. Is it possible that you it at home？ A. lost B. forgot C. left D. gave B C 中考特训中考特训 （ ）9. This bus doesnt go to the tra
22、in station. Im afraid youll have to at the library and take the A52. A. take off B. put off C. get off D. turn off （ ）10. Tina comes to China in order to experience Chinese culture and which university is the best for her to attend. A. put out B. look out C. find out D. run out C C 中考特训中考特训 二、短文填空单句
23、训练。 1. Her voice so beautiful that I lose myself in her songs. 2. The school is far from his house. It him two hours to walk to school every day. 3. The firemen out the fire in the forest after 5 hours hard work. sounds takes put 中考特训中考特训 4. Working hard is the best way to your dream. 5. If you dont
24、 know the meaning of the word， you can it up in the dictionary. 6. You look down today. What to you， Amy？ 7. His serious illness never him from living a meaningful and colorful life. achieve look happened stopped 中考特训中考特训 8. The book is so educational. Have you ever it？ 9. It is very hot in the hous
25、e. Youd better . off your coat. 10. Our sports meeting will be off because of the bad weather. read take put 中考特训中考特训 三、小语篇训练。 My stutter（口吃） had always been much of a problem. Id had so many specialists（专家） for my speech over the years. It hurt me until I met a new one in the hall. “Hello！ Im Mrs.
26、Claussen. I 1 youre from Texas！” “Ye-Ye-Ye-Yes m-m-m-m-m-m-aam I am”My heart felt like it was pounding（剧烈跳动） through my chest and my hands were dripping wet. 中考特训中考特训 “Well，” she 2 with a kind smile. “Ive always liked Texas. ” She turned out to be the best speech specialist Ive ever had， not like th
27、ose who told me to clap（拍手 ） my hands while speaking. She was different from others. She 3 the first several weeks just talking to me 4 me all kinds of questions about myself， my feelings. And she listened. She 中考特训中考特训 then began to teach me about the speech. Not just about my speech， but about eve
28、rybodys. I 5 in my old school and was a pretty good tenor（男高音）， but I learned that the new schools singing group was all 6 . It was such bad news， for I thought that was the one thing I could really do well and I could do it. However， Mrs. Claussen finally got me in the group. I felt like she 中考特训中考
29、特训 really 7 me as a person， not just a speech student. Many years have passed， but I think of her from time to time. Her name was Mrs. Claussenand she 8 me. Ill never forget her. 中考特训中考特训 （ ）1. A. hear B. listen C. look D. feel （ ）2. A. told B. spoke C. said D. says （ ）3. A. cost B. took C. spent D.
30、 paid （ ）4. A. asking B. talking C. studying D. offering A C C A 中考特训中考特训 （ ）5. A. sang B. spoke C. played D. visited （ ）6. A. set up B. filled up C. put up D. get up （ ）7. A. got B. took C. looked D. regarded （ ）8. A. gave up B. cared about C. suffered from D. worried about A B D B 中考特训中考特训 四、语法选择。
31、 How many times have you complained， “There arent enough hours in the day？” Holly White 1 . graduated from University of Cambridge probably disagrees. Since she began school four years ago， White 2 her school daily life on the video-sharing 中考特训中考特训 website YouTube. In her videos， she gets up at 6：3
32、0 a. m. and goes to bed at 10：30 p. m. every day. In between， studying， cooking， house cleaning and exercising 3 well. A similar case happened to college students in China. Months ago， Tsinghua University showed pictures of students plans， study notes and timetable. 中考特训中考特训 In one of them， 4 underg
33、raduate arranges（ 安排） his daily life fully. He usually goes to bed at 1 ：00 a. m. and gets up at 6：00 a. m. 5 he only takes 10 classes a week， he books the rest of his day tightly. When he feels it hard 6 his timetable， he writes encouragements to himself， like， “Youre the best”， and “Go for it”. 中考
34、特训中考特训 Both students succeeded 7 completing their study because of hard work. White was at the top of her 152 other classmates； and the Chinese undergraduate won a first-class scholarship. The two have 8 in common. They both have regular schedules and learn a way of managing time well. Some wonder h
35、ow they 9 avoid tiredness and stress. Whites video 中考特训中考特训 probably provides an answer. She advises to write our tasks on a to-do list. We should also know how to avoid and release（释放） stress because， “Mental health is as 10 as our physical health. ” To White ， dancing is something she takes as a r
36、eward after finishing everything on the list. Then enough sleep can rest her body and get ready to do a good job the next day. 中考特训中考特训 （ ）1. A. which B. who C. where D. whom （ ）2. A. records B. recorded C. has recorded D. is recording （ ）3. A. plan B. was planned C. planned D. are planned （ ）4. A.
37、a B. an C. the D. / （ ）5. A. Although B. But C. Because D. If A B D C B 中考特训中考特训 （ ）6. A. following B. to follow C. follows D. follow （ ）7. A. at B. with C. for D. in （ ）8. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing （ ）9. A. need B. must C. can D. might （ ）10. A. important B. more important C. the most important D. importantly A C A D B 中考特训中考特训
