1、现在完成时现在完成时 现在完成时（现在完成时（present perfect tense）通常表示过去发生的动作）通常表示过去发生的动作 一直延续到现在， 而且还可能继续下去， 或者表示过去的行为对现在一直延续到现在， 而且还可能继续下去， 或者表示过去的行为对现在 造成一定的影响，可能还会产生结果等。造成一定的影响，可能还会产生结果等。 1.现在完成时结构 1.1.助动词助动词 have/has+动词过去分词动词过去分词。 其中， 助动词要随着主语的变化 而变化，当主语是第三人称单数第三人称单数时，助动词要用“has” 。 例：Have you finished your work? He
2、says that he has seen UFOs many times. 1.2.现在完成时的缩写形式：I have=I ve have not= havent has not= hasnt 例：Ive finished my work./He hasnt finished his work. 1.3.现在完成时的一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语主语+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词+ 其 他 ？其 他 ？ 肯 定 回 答 ： Yes, 主 语主 语 +have/has. 否 定 回 答 ： No, 主 语主 语 +havent/hasnt. 例：-Have you finished you
3、r work?-Yes,I have./No,l havent. -Have they arrived?-Yes,they have./No,they havent. 1.4.1.通过加-ed 的形式来构成规则动词的过去分词， 就像我们构成 这些动词的过去式方法一样。 大多数动词后+ed.如 finish-finished. 以字母 e 为结尾的动词后+d,如 change-changed. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，去掉 y,再加 ied.如 carry-carried. 以一个元音再加一个辅音结尾的短动词，双写双写辅音辅音字母再 加 ed.如 stop-stopped 1.4.2.构成
4、不规则动词的过去分词的方法有所不同，需要特别 记忆。如： come-come; hurt-hurt. lend-lent; build-built catch-caught; keep-kept forget-forgotten tell-told be-been; have-had fall-fallen; fly-flown draw-drawn; see-seen； think-thought. 2 2.现在完成时的用法 2.1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作，对现在造成的影响或结 果。通常与表示时间的词汇连用，常见的有“already, yet, ever, just, recently
5、, since, for. lately” Justin has disappeared for three days, so Kelly is very sad. I have just finished my homework. 2.2.表示过去已经开始持续到现在，也许还会持续下去的动作 或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括现在)的一段状 语连用，如“for，since, so far, now, today, this week, this month” 。 如：She has lived in Beijing since she moved in China. I have
6、 known her for a long time. 2.3.一般现在时可用于重复的行为中,表示到现在为止这一段 时间内，多次动作总和或所做过的工作量的积累。 如：I have been to Shanghai twice. I have mopped the floor three times today. 3.注意现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。 现在完成时表示到说话时为止已经发生或完成的动作或状态， 强调造成的结果或对现在的影响； 而一般过去时侧重于陈述过去发生 的事情或状态，与现在没关系。 例：He has just been to British and saw the Big Be
7、n there. 经常与一般过去时连用的表示时间的词语有“yesterday ,the other day, last, ago”;与现在完成时常用的表示时间的词语 有“already, ever, just, recently （not）yet, since 等。 ” 例： He went to Beijing two years ago.（一般过去时） He has already lived in Beijing for two years.（现在进行时） 练习：用现在完成时和一般过去时完成下列句子 1.We _（go）to the park last month. 2._you eve
8、r _（try）the famous Beijing Duck? 3.I am happy that I_（learn）to swim. 4.I _ （visit）the Great Wall with my parents the other day. 4.4.现在完成时中现在完成时中 have/has been have/has been 和和 have/has gonehave/has gone 的用法。的用法。 have/has been to 用来表达某人去了一个地方并且已经回来 了，指的是一次经历；have/has gone 用来表达某人去了一 个地方，但是还没回来。 例:Mill
9、ie and Amy have been to the South Hill and they want to go there again.（米莉和艾米去过南山，而且她们还想 再去那里） Millie and Amy have gone to the South Hill and they will come back tomorrow.（米莉和艾米去了南山，她们将明天回 来。 ） 练习：用 have/has been 或 have/has gone 填空。 1.Sandy isnt here,she_to the library. 2.I _just_to the library and
10、borrowed some interesting books. 3.My cousin _to Xian twice. 4.My cousin _to Xian and he will stay there for a week. 5.与与for和和since连用的动词连用的动词 现在完成时常与 for 或 since 等引导的表示一段时间的状连用.如 for ten minutes,since 1985 等.“for+时间段”强调这一段时间的长 度。 “since+时间点（或一个从句） ”强调这一段时间的起点。 （1）.在现在完成时的肯定句中，和 for 与 since 连用的谓语动词 要
11、用延续性动词，如 work,be,study,live He has studied English since two years ago. （2）.某些非延续性动词的否定形式可以与for或since等时间状语连 用。 Havent seen you for a long time. （3）一些延续性动词和非延续性动词的转换 begin/start have / has been on The film has been on for 20minutes. finish/stop have/has been over The parade has been over for hours. c
12、ome/go/arrive have / has been in/at Kitty has been in Hong Kong for two days. leave have/has been away She has been away from Hong Kong since last Tuesday. borrow Have/has kept She has kept the book since last week. join have/has been in have/has been a member of Simon has been a member of the Footb
13、all Club since last year. marry have/has been married They have been married for 15 years. die have/has been dead The fish have been dead for some time. buy have/has had I have had this watch for ten days. catch a cold have/has had a cold Tommy has had a cold since last week. fall ill have/has been
14、ill She has been ill for three years. 现在完成时综合练习 1.（ ）-Have you eaten my food,Andy? - No,I _. A.have B.havent C.has D.hast 2.（ ）Our country _ a lot since 1978. Now, its much stronger. A.is changed B.changed C.has changed D.changes 3.（ ）I _ her for many years, so I cant remember her name. A.havent see
15、n B.have seen C.didnt see D.see 4.（ ）Simon has _fed the dog, but he hasnt watered the plants. A.still,already B.yet,already C.yet,still D.already,yet 5.（ ）-Why doesnt Tony come? -The invitation letter _to Toby by accident. A.was emailed B.has emailed C.is emailed D.emailed 6. （ ） -Mom,I want to watc
16、h The Legend of Miyue on channal 8 tonight. -Oh,dear, it _for a few minutes.Come on! A.has begun B.will begin C.has been on D.will be on 7.（ ）-Peter, you speak Chinese so well. -Thank you.I_Chinese since I came here in 2013. A.will learn B.learned C.have learned D.learn 8.（ ）-What a nice watch!How l
17、ong _ you _ it? -For just two weeks. A.will,buy B.have,had C.were,having D.did,buy 9.（ ）-Will you watch the programme Running Man in Zhejiang Satellite-TV tonight. -Yes, of course.It one of the most popular shows since last October. A.was B.became C.has been D.has become 10.（ ）-What age did you leav
18、e home? - I left home at 18,Neil. I_ your city for five years. A. have gone to B.have been to C.have been in D.have come to 11. （ ）Mike used to be a top student,but he _behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B.has fallen C.was D.has been 12. （ ）-_you _Jeremy Shu-How Lin? -Yes.The once nameless young man became a basketball hero suddenly. A.Did,hear B.Do,listen to C.Have, heard of D.Have,listen to
