1、外研版八年级下学期外研版八年级下学期 M9-M 10 重要知识点和语法点的讲解重要知识点和语法点的讲解 Module 9 知识点知识点 1 explain 解释，说明 ， 可接宾语从句或“疑问词+动词不定式”结构 Explain sth to sb 向某人解释某事 与 mention sth to sb 一样，不能用 explain /mention sb sth Eg :Mr Jones explained the math problem to her students . Dont mention this problem to her this evening . 2 sth happ
2、en(s)to sb 某人发生了某事 Eg: A traffic accident happened to his brother yesterday . Sth happen(s) (介词)地点、时间 某地、某时发生了某事 Eg :An accident happened on Park Street . Sb happen(s)to do sth 某人碰巧做某事 Eg :I happened to see my uncle on the street . 注意：happen 一般指偶然发生 take place 一般指有预谋，有计划地发生 Eg :A murder took place i
3、n the Centre Garden last night . 3 refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 接不定式作宾语的动词： 想要拒绝莫忘记（want , refuse ,forget） 需要努力就学习（need try learn）喜欢同意加帮助 （like ,agree ,help）希望决定后开始 （hope decide begin start） Eg : Lily refused to help Tom learn Chinese . 4 sure of oneself 自信 be sure to do sth be sure +that 或疑问词引导的宾语从句 Eg :
4、I am /feel sure of myself among people I dont know . Jack is sure to be back soon . Im not sure whether I have met her before. 5 regret to do sth 指因将要做某事而感到遗憾，抱歉 regret doing sth 指因做了某事而后 悔 类似的单词有 remember forget to do sth /doing sth Eg :I regret to tell you Im willing but unable . Kate regretted se
5、lling the old house . 6 encourage n/ pron sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 Eg :Dont encourage his laziness . Our teacher often encourages us to speak English . 7 include v 及物动词 ，意为“包括” ，其宾语经常是主语的一部分，有时也可以是主语的全 部。 Eg :The grammar lessons include 80 sentence patterns . including prep ,用于所列举的事物前 Eg :The band playe
6、d many songs ,including some of my favourites . 8 the beginning of 某某的开头 at the beginning of 在某某的开头 At the beginning 起初 from beginning to end 从头到尾 Eg : At the beginning of this term ,I found it hare to learn math . The beginning of this article is very good . I disliked this dog at the beginning . I
7、 have read this book from beginning to end . 9 be patient with adj 对某某有耐心 patient n 病 人 Patience n 耐心 Eg :Mr Green is patient with his patients . 语法专项语法专项 Whether if 及疑问词引导的宾语从句及疑问词引导的宾语从句 语法全解语法全解 1 whether / if 引导的宾语从句 Whether if 意为“是否” ，故表达不确定的概念时用 whether/ if 引导宾语从句。此时 whether if 在从句中不作句子成分，但不能省
8、略。 I want to know whether/ if my sister is waiting for me at the school gate. We dont know whether / if Lucy will be back in two days . 拓展 whether if 一般情况下可以互换使用，但下列情况只能使用 whether ，不能使用 if . a 引导介词的宾语从句 I am thinking about whether we should go to the movies . b 与 or not 连用时 I am not sure whether or
9、not his answer is right . I cant say whether or not they can come on time . 2 疑问词引导的宾语从句 宾语从句还可以由疑问词 what ,which ,who ,where ,when ,how ,why 等引导。 疑问词在句中有 实际意义，且在宾语从句中充当句子的成分，不能省略。疑问代词在从句中作主语，宾语， 表语和定语等； 疑问副词在句中作状语。 I dont know what we should do . Do you know which film they are talking about? Can yo
10、u tell me who she is waiting for ? He told us where they were going to travel. Do you know when the train will arrive ? The police told us how we could get there . No one knows why Amy is not happy today . 助记： 宾主从句须注意，两点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈 述句子用 that ； 一般疑问是否（if whether）替； 特殊问句更好记，引导仍用疑问 词。二是语序必牢
11、记，从句永远用陈述。 Module 10 知识点知识点 1 show sb around = take sb around = take sb to visit 带某人去参观 Eg : Can you show /take us around your factory ? Can you take us to visit your factory ? 拓展 show off 炫耀 show up 出现 2 mean “表示，意味着”后接名词，代词，that 从句等作宾语 Eg :The red light means “”Stop”. Mean to do sth 打算或企图做某事 Eg :
12、I had meant to visit you ,but I was too busy . Mean doing sth 意味着某事 Eg : Accepting the new job means travelling all over the world . 3 avoid + n /pron ving 避免 Eg :You should avoid making the same mistakes . Road safety is taught to young children to avoid traffic accidents . 4 on air （广播或电视）播出 by ai
13、r =by plane 乘飞机 in the open air 在户外 In the air =in the sky 5 look down at 低下头看 look down on/ upon 看不起某人，轻视某人 look after = take care of 照顾 look forward to =expect 期待 look around 向四周看 look up 向上看，查找 look through 浏览 look for 寻找 Eg : Yao Ming looked down at this small boy . 6 voice noise sound Voice “声音
14、”，指说话声，歌声，笑声等 Noise “噪音”，指不悦耳，不和谐的声音 sound “声音”, 泛指一切声音 Eg : She has a good singing voice . The noise kept me awake . Sound goes more slowly than light . 7 seem v 常用于以下结构 it seems that Eg: It seems that she is unhappy . Seem to do sth Eg: Tom seems to be sleeping . seem (to be ) + n /adj Eg : He see
15、ms (to be) happy . 8 shouldnt you be at school ? 这是一个否定疑问句，用于表示惊奇。 9 realise “意识到，实现（理想或抱负） ” Eg : We realised that only she could solve the hard problem . She realised her ambition to be a doctor . 语法专项语法专项 宾语从句的时态问题宾语从句的时态问题 语法全解语法全解 1 宾语从句的时态与主句的时态 如果主句用一般现在时， 宾语从句要根据自身的时间状语或情况选择时态。 如果主句用一般 过去时，从
16、句用相应的过去时态。当主句是一般过去时，从句的动作发生在主句的谓语动词 所表示的动作之前，从句用过去完成时； 当主句是一般过去时，从句的动作还没有发生或 将要发生时，从句用过去将来时。 Do you know when he will give us a talk ? I dont know whose book this is . I didnt know who could answer my questions . He said that he had just bought some apples . He said he would do better again . 2 主句是一
17、般过去时时，宾语从句时态的几种特殊情况。 （1）宾语从句表示的是客观事实，科学真理，格言或其他不受时间限制，影响，客观存在 的事物时，用一般现在时。 The teacher told her students that practice makes perfect . (2)宾语从句解释，表达科技内容，或表达一种反复出现或目前习惯性的动作时，用一般现 在时。 Mr Green told us that the attraction of the earth for all things is called gravity . (3)宾语从句的谓语动词所表示的动作在转述时仍在继续，表示此刻仍存在的状态时，用现 在的某种时态。 She told me the other day that she is only eight . Tom said that his father is attending a meeting in London . (4)从句中的具体的时间状语，动作发生在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之前，仍用一般过 去时，不改为过去完成时。 He said that he was born in 1998 .
