1、初二第2讲 介词 知识梳理 1. 表时间的介词 2. 表地点方位的介词 3.表方式, 手段， 工具的介词 4.其他常考介词 考点精讲 一一. 表时间的介词表时间的介词 1.in/at/on （1）in 用于世纪、年、月、季节前或泛指上午、下午、晚上。如： in the 19th century 在十九世纪 in May/2015在五月/2015年 in winter在冬天 in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上 用于将来时，表示“在之后” 。如： Ill be back in two days我两天之后回来。 （2）on用于具体的某一天或某一天上午
2、、下午、晚上等。如： on Christmas Day在圣诞节 on a warm morning 在一个温暖的早上 on Monday afternoon在周一下午 on the night of October 1st在10月1日晚上 （3）at用于具体的时刻、点钟及某些词组中。如： at six oclock在六点钟 at night 在晚上 at the age of 在岁时 at last 最后，终于 考点精讲 2. for/since/from （1）for后跟一段时间，表示“(延续)之久”一般用于完成时。如： MrSmith has lived in Guangzhou for
3、two years史密斯先生已经在广州住了两年。 （2）since“自以来”，“自以后”一般用于完成时。如： I have lived here since ten years ago我已经在这里住了十年了。 （3）from表示 时间的开始，“从”(from.to“从到”)如： From now on, I will learn drawing on the weekend从现在开始，我周末要学习画画。 I go to school from Monday to Friday我从周一到周五上学。 考点精讲 3其他常考时间介词 (1) before “在之前”，后一般接时间点。如： Ill go
4、 to America before Sunday我将于周五之前去美国。 (2) after “在之后”，后跟时间点，常用于将来时；后跟时间段，常用于过去时。如： He will go to the movie with me after 4：30他四点半后要和我一起看电影。 He came back after a few days几天后他回来了。 (3) during “在期间”。如： There are extra flights to Hainan during the Spring Festival春节期间有飞往海南的增开航班。 (4) by “不迟于”，“在之前”，常与完成时连用。
5、如： They have seen six English films by now到目前为止，他们已经看了六部英语电影了。 (5) until“到为止，直到之时”，常用于否定句中。如： He didnt go to bed until his mother came back直到他妈妈回来他才睡觉。 1.(2016广东)Many young people put mobile gaming _ anything else, thinking little of their normal lives. Aalong with Bbehind Cbefore Din front of 2. Wh
6、en did MrGreen arrive in London? He arrived there _the evening of December 6th. Aat Bin Con Dto 3. They will have a maths test _two days. Afor Bat Cin Dafter 4. The local community centre is open _Monday to Saturday. Ain Bfrom Cfor Don 5. They usually go shopping _ their lunch break. Aagainst Bamong
7、 Cbetween Dduring 考点精讲 二. 表地点和方位的介词 1.at /in at后接小地方， in后接大地方。如： at the school gate在学校大门口 at station在车站 in China 在中国 in Guangdong 在广东 【注意】at 还有“在旁边”之意。如：at the table 在桌子旁边 2. in/on/to 三者均可表示地理位置关系。in表示在某一范围之内的某方位(属于该范围)，on表示与某地是毗邻关系，to表示在某 一范围之外的某方位(不属于该范围)。如： (1) Shanghai lies in the east of China
8、and Japan lies to the east of China 上海位于中国东部，日本位于中国东边。 (2) Guangdong lies on the east of Guangxi广东在广西的东部。 考点精讲 3. above/over/on (1) above“在上方”，表示两者不接触，反义词为below“在下方”。如： The plane flew above the clouds飞机飞在云上面。 (2) over“在正上方”，表示两者不接触，反义词为under“在正下方”。如： There is a bridge over the river河上有座桥。 (3) on“在上方
9、”，表示两者接触。如： There is a book on the desk桌子上有一本书。 【易错提醒】in the tree与on the tree的区别： in the tree指在树上的外来物； on the tree指树上的树叶、果实等。如： Tom put a bag in the apple tree and then he picked the apples on the tree 汤姆把书包挂在苹果树上，然后摘树上的苹果。 4. between/among (1) between“在(两者)之间”。如： Lily is sitting between Lucy and Ja
10、ck莉莉坐在杰克和露西中间。 (2) among“在(三者或三者以上)之间”。如： The woman in pink among the students is our teacher 在学生中间穿红色衣服的那个女人是我们的老师。 考点精讲 5. across/through/over (1) across“横过”，表示从表面通过的意思。如： Be careful when you walk across the road当你过马路的时候小心点。 (2) through“穿过；从通过”，含有从物体内部通过的意思。如： Go straight through that window直接穿过那扇
11、窗。 (3) over“越过”，含有从某一物体表面之上或范围之上“通过；超过”的意思。如： Jump over the hurdle跳过这个栏杆。 6. in front of/ in the front of (1) in front of “在前面(范围外的前面)”，反义词是behind “在后面”。如： A car stops in front of our school我们学校门前停着一辆车。 (2) in the front for“在前面(范围内的前面)”。如： Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom我们的老师站在教室的前面
12、。 考点精讲 其他表示方位的介词 (1) under“在下面”。如： There is a boat under the bridge桥下有一艘船。 (2) behind“在后面”。如： Im hiding behind the door我正躲在门后面。 (3) near/beside/by near “在附近”。如： Is there a post office near here? 请问这附近有邮局吗？ beside “近旁”“紧靠”，相当于next to。如： Im standing beside the window我正站在窗户的旁边。 Im standing next to the
13、window. by “在旁边”，较near更近。如： My house is by the river我的家在河边。 考点精讲 三. 表示方式、手段、工具的介词 1.表示交通方式的介词 (1) “by交通工具的单数名词” ，表“乘坐”。如： by sea 坐船 by air乘飞机 (2) “in/on a/ones交通工具” 表“乘坐”，可与“by交通工具”转化。如： I went to Guangzhou by carI went to Guangzhou in a/my car我开车去广州了。 She goes to school by bikeShe goes to school on
14、 a/her bike她骑自行车去上学。 【易错提醒】 1)by与交通工具之间不用任何限定词。 2)用in或on时，交通工具前用限定词。但当on用于固定词组时，不加限定词。如： on foot 步行。 2. 表示手段或工具的介词 (1) by意为“凭借工具或手段”，名词前不加冠词，若后接动词，用动名词形式。 如： The work must be done by hand这项工作必须用手工来完成。 He makes a living by teaching他靠教书为生。 (2) in表示用某种材料以及语言、声音等，名词前不加冠词。如： He made the speech in English
15、他用英语做了一个演讲。 (3) on“以方式”，用于手段、通讯方式等。如： They talked on the phone yesterday他们昨天在电话上交谈。 He knew the news on TV他在电视上知道这个新闻。 (4) with“用，以，借助于”，其后常接具体的工具，“with冠词工具” 。如： I always write letters with a pen我总是用钢笔写信。 考点精讲 1.How do you go to school every day? I usually go to school _bus. Awith Bon Cin Dby 2. Jim
16、my was asked to check his answer_ discussing it with another student. Ain Bby Cof Dwith 3. Sally always talks about her homework with her friend _the phone. Aof Bin Cat Don 考点精讲 其他常考介词 1.without表“没有”，作状语后，后接名词或动词ing形式。如： I couldnt finish the task without your help没有你的帮助我完成不了任务。 He left without sayin
17、g a word他一句话也没说就离开了。 2. with 表伴随“和一起”。 如： I live with my parents我和父母一起住。 表“穿；戴”。 如： The girl with glasses is my elder sister这个戴眼镜的女孩是我姐姐。 考点精讲 其他常考介词 3. for的其他用法 表目的“为了”。如：Why not go for a walk? 为什么不去散步呢？ 表原因“因为”。 如：China is famous for the Great Wall中国因长城而出名。 表用途、对象。如：Drink milk is good for our heal
18、th喝牛奶对我们的健康有好处。 表价格。如：She sold her old bag for 10 yuan她以十元的价格卖了旧包。 表赞成。如：Are you for the plan? 你赞成这个计划吗？ 4. of表所属关系“属于(某人)的；关于(某人)的”。 如： The love of a mother for her child is always selfless母亲对孩子的爱总是无私的。 考点精讲 其他常考介词 5. about “关于；有关”。 如： The film is about love这部电影是关于爱情的。 表时间或数量“大约；近于”。如： I got home a
19、t about 9 o clock yesterday昨天我大约九点到家的。 6. against 表“倚着；靠着”。 如： There is a piano against the wall in her room在她房间有一架 钢琴靠着墙。 表“对抗；反对”。反义词组：be for“赞成”。 如： Many people are against building a factory in town很多人反对在镇上建一座工厂。 7. as“作为；以身份”，后接表职务、职业、身份的名词。如： She works as a Chinese teacher她是个语文老师。 考点精讲 其他常考介词
20、8. like“像一样”。 如： He laughs happily, just like a baby他开心地笑着，像个婴儿一样。 9. beyond“超出；除之外”。 如： The beautiful scenery there was beyond words那儿的美景无法用语言形容。 10. except, besides与but (1) except“除之外”，强调被排除的部分不包含在内。如： The window is never opened except in summer除了夏天外，这扇窗户从来没有打开过。 (2) besides“除之外(另外还有)”，强调被排除的部分也包含
21、在内。如： Lucy can speak English besides Chinese露西除了中文以外还会说英语。 (3) but “除了之外，什么也没有”，如： I know nothing but his name除了他的名字我什么也不知道。 6. All the living things in the world cant live _air and water. Aon Bin Cwith DWithout 7. What is a writing brush, do you know? Its _ writing and drawing. Awith Bto Cfor DBy 8
22、. I made the coat _ my own handsIt was made _ hand, not with a machine. Ain; in Bin; with Cwith; by Dby; with 重难点理解 一 表示时间的介词at/in/on混用，注意掌握at/in/on/的具体用法。 1.My daughter was born _a sunny afternoon _ October, 2015. Ain; on Bon; in Cin; in Don; on 2. We usually have the first class _ 8：00 _the mornin
23、g. Aat; in Bin; on Con; in Dat; on 二 表示地理位置的介词on/in/to混用，注意掌握on/in/to的具体用法及辨析。 1.Taiwan lies_ the southeast of China. Ain Bon Cto Dat 课堂总结 1.表时间的介词 2.表地点和方位的介词 3.表示方式、手段、工具的介词 4.其他常考介词 实战演练 1. (2017扬州) We all like watching the TV programme Readers _ Saturday evening. Ain Bon Cat Dfor 2. (2017安徽)To m
24、y pleasure, my family is always_ me whatever I decide to do. Aabove Bbehind Cfrom Dthrough 3. (2017河北)Just walk down this road and youll see the museum _ your right. Aon Bin Cat Dby 4. (2017贵港)Can you come to my party this morning? Sorry, I cantI have to prepare _ my exams. Aof Bfor Cabout Dwith 5.
25、(2017鄂州)What do you often do _ classes to relax yourselves? We often do some running or listen to music Ain Bthrough Cbetween Damong 实战演练 6. (2017南通)They went climbing_ the morning of May 1 and came back _the afternoon Aon; on Bin; in Con; in Din; on 7. (2017沈阳) _ 2000, this company has seen much ne
26、w developmentIt has become one of the biggest companies in the country. AFor BIn CBy DSince 8. (2017无锡)Theres one taken by the River Seine _these photosCan you find it out? Aexcept Bincluding Cbetween Damong 9. (2017德州)A woman stood _ the window, watching the children playing games in the garden. Ap
27、ast Bthrough Cacross Dby 10. (2017徐州)A fight broke out among the football fans, and soon it went _ control. Aunder Bbeyond Cabove Dover 实战演练 11. (2017米泉) Do you know Victory Day in China? Yes, its _ September 3rd _ each yearIt tells the world that Chinese people love peace and hate warsChinese peopl
28、e will never forget the history. Ain; on Bon; / Cat; / Don; in 12. (2017上海)We won! The honor belongs _ all the members of our team. Aby Bof Cat Dto 13. (2017昆明)Hello, may I speak _Mike? This is Mike speaking. Aat Bto Cin Don 14. (2017重庆A卷) _ May 5th, 2017, the C919 took off successfully for the firs
29、t time at Shanghai Pudong International Airport. AOn BIn CAt DOf 15. (2017东营)Doctors say that the first 10 minutes _ a traffic accident is important for saving a life. Ain Bbefore C after Dduring 实战演练 16. (2017黄石)Daddy, Ive run out of my pocket moneyI spent 100 yuan _ some favorite books. OKHere you
30、 areBut make sure you save money as well. Afor Bon Cwith Dat 17. (2017宜昌) Do you have anything else to say for being late again? No, nothing _sorry. Aabove Bbehind Cfrom Dbut 18. (2017孝感) Reading is a good way to spend the time on the plane. Thats true. I never go travelling _ a book. Awithout Bfrom
31、 Con Dabout 19. (2017常州) Could you tell me how to behave politely in public in the UK? Yes_， you should keep your voice down and always queue. AAfter all BFirst of all CIn all DAt all 20. (2017乌鲁木齐)Your best friend is really talented _ learning foreign languages. Yes, he is also good _other subjects. Ain; with Bat; for Cin; at Dat; to
