1、第 15 讲 阅读指导（一） 阅读技巧阅读技巧 一、加强按意群阅读的训练 按意群阅读是一种科学的阅读方法。它首先要求把所读的句子尽可能分成意义较完整 的组群，目光要尽可能少地停顿。 试比较：（1）I / usually / go / to / school / by / bike.（目光停顿 7 次）， （2）I usually / go to school / by bike.（目光停 3 次）。 其中，（1）为逐词读，（2） 为按意群读。具体说来，读的时候不要把目光停在某 一个词上， 而应该用两眼余光看这个词两侧的词， 眼睛不要盯在字行上， 要高一些， 这样， 映入眼帘的便是词组而不是单个
2、的词；读的时候要少眨眼、不摆头，只要眼球来回转动就 可以了；保持坐姿端正，书本应放到眼睛正前方，眼睛与书本距离大约一尺为 宜，这样 才能保证同一适当距离、 同一视角范围内尽可能多地摄入文字信息， 正确的读书写字姿势， 如下图：关键在于它既不是默读（心读）更不是朗读，而是通过目光在外语与大脑之间建 立直接的联系，即外语思维。这是一个简捷快速的过程，非经过大量阅读训练的妙手岂能 偶而得之？ 二、我们在平常可以试试以下两个方法： 1. 快速朗读已经熟悉的课文等文字材料（最好朗读到能够熟练背诵的程度）。通过这 种练习，对什么是意群，怎样区分意群，如何把注意力放在一个意群的中心词上，逐步就 会有所实际地
3、感受。 2.把课文或阅读过的材料按意群分行抄写下来，再用目光扫读，使眼睛习惯于一扫一 段。 随着阅读的深入，要学会根据自己的阅读目的、阅读内容和文体调整阅读速度，并利 用头脑中已有的相关知识，借助尽可能少的文字信息进行选 择、推测和推理，必要时还 能跳出文段客观地判断作者意图。跳读和略读的关键是要抓住文章的开头和结尾以及各段 的关键词和主题句。主题句可能在各段开头也可能出现在结尾。 三、培养语言预测能力 所谓语言预测，就是根据词语的搭配习惯以及语法知识（词法和句法），凭借上文， 猜测出下文可能出现的内容，达到“未睹先知”的目的。例如，利用词法的搭配习惯，在读 到 I go to school
4、by . 时，我们就能猜到下文要出现一个交通工具的单词；利用句法知 识，在我们读到 Thank you for . 时，我们就可以预知下文会出现一个动名词，这样就有 助于我们在整体理解全句。熟悉和体验词语的搭配关系也是预测能力的体现。例如读到 H e likes listening . 时，就知道下面一定跟一个介词 to 的结构；读到 Little Water Drop g oes higher and . 时也会知道下面要跟的肯定是一个比较级的形式。 眼未到心先知，眼再到时得到证实一闪而过就行了，这样读起来，自然就会快多了。 四、避免翻译 在开始的时候， 逐句翻译成中文来心译理解是难以避免的
5、一个现象。 但如果总要依赖翻 译，养成习惯了，势必影响到阅读速度。当然用英文直接思维，这不是一下子就可以完全做 到的，但可以循序渐进，例如我们学了 apple 这个单词，我们在文章中见到它时，并不是按 照英语中文实物去理解，而是可以直接由英语到实物。 五 跨越生词障碍可以通过猜测词义来解决。 猜测词义的方法有很多，有的时候不靠查字典，的确很难猜出一个词的真正意义，其实这时 只要能看出它的词性、在句中的作用，不影响阅读就足够了。例如：Her friend Judy likes playing the violin. But Sally doesnt play any instruments. S
6、he doesnt like music. 很明显，instruments 没学过，是生词，但并不影响阅读，只需要通过上文中的 violin 和 下文中的 music，就能明白。这正如我们小的时候在看长篇小说或大部头的书时，碰到不认 识的字词，并不是用查字典的办法去弄清楚它的读音和意思，而是仅仅揣摩一下它的含义， 不求甚解。生词问题解决了，就为以后的阅读铺平了道路。 1 让让学生初步掌握阅读的技巧，提高阅读速度和对文章的整体理解能力学生初步掌握阅读的技巧，提高阅读速度和对文章的整体理解能力 2 帮助学生慢慢克服阅读的障碍帮助学生慢慢克服阅读的障碍 Long,long ago people ma
7、de the first lightening(闪电).But they had to keep the fire burning,for they couldnt start it again if there was no lighting.Later,they found out hitting two pieces of stone together could make a spark(火花).The spark could fire dry leaves.In this way they could make the fire again if it went out .Then
8、people also learned to make a fire by rubbing(摩擦).They made a hole on a piece of wood and put a smaller stick into the hole. They turned the stick again and again.After a few minutes they got a fire. As years went by, people learned other way to make a fire.Sometimes they used the heat from the sun.
9、They held a piece of glass in the right way and made a piece of paper on fire. About two centuries ago, people began to make matches.Matches brought people a quick and easy way to make fires.Today matches are still being used, but people have more new ways to make fires.One of them is to use an elec
10、tric fire starter.Of course an electric fire starter is much more expensive then a box of matches, But it is very useful. 1. From the text we know that a spark can_. A.fire and leaves B.burn anything C.burn dry leaves D.keep fire burning 2. We can also get a fire by_. A.making a hole on a big piece
11、of wood B.putting the smaller stick into the hole C.turning the stick hard for a while D.all above together 3. Matches have been used _. A.for about two thousand years B.for about two hundred years C.since people began to use fire for cooking D.since people used the heat from the sun 4. From the tex
12、t, we know that _. A.electric fire starters are widely used B.people havent used matches since they had electric fire starters C.today there are only two ways to make fire D.some forest fires happen from lighting 5. Which of the following is the right order of the ways to make fires that people got
13、to know? a.with a match b.from the sun c. from lightening d.by rubbing e. with an electric fire starter A.a,b,c,d,c B.b,c,a,e,d C.c,d,b,a,e D.d,a,c,b,e A A 阅读理解：阅读理解：A.A.选择正确的答案，并把字母编号写在括号里。（选择正确的答案，并把字母编号写在括号里。（1515 分）分） Many people dont have the same hobbies, but they can still be good friends. Li
14、 Yang and Wang Li are good friends. Li collects stamps and often shows them to Wang. Wang doesnt like collecting things. He likes swimming. Wang often asks Li to go swimming with him, but Li always says he is busy. Yes, he is always busy with his stamps. “ You should collect something,” Li often say
15、s to Wang. Wang likes playing the violin, but Li doesnt. Li likes playing the piano. They like to help each other. Thats why they are good friends. ( )1、Wang Li and Li Yang are _. A. twins B. friends ( )2、Wang Li and Li Yang _ the same things. A. like B. likes ( )3、Wang Li likes _. A. collecting sta
16、mps B. swimming ( )4、Li Yang doesnt like _. A. playing the violin B. playing the piano ( )5、Li Yang and Wang Li _have the same hobbies. A. doesnt B. dont B B B. B. 阅读，判断下列句子与短文内容是否一致，对的阅读，判断下列句子与短文内容是否一致，对的 打“打“ ”，错的打”，错的打 “ ”。”。 Li Qing and Li Ping are twins. Theyre thirteen. They live with their u
17、ncle and aunt in Guangzhou. Their uncle has a son. His name is Li Hai. Li Qing, Li Ping and Li Hai study at Yucai Primary School, but theyre not in the same class. Li Hai s parents are teachers. They teach Chinese at Yucai Primary School.They work hard. All their students like them. The three childr
18、en go to school together. They eat their lunch at the school canteen. After school, they often play ping-pong together. ( ) 1. Li Qing and Li Ping are brothers. ( ) 2. Li Qing and Li Ping are Li Hais cousins. ( ) 3. Li Qing, Li Ping and Li Hai are classmates. ( ) 4. Li Hais parents work at the same
19、school. ( ) 5. Li Hai, Li Qing and Li Ping have lunch at school. C C My father is tall and has short, gray hair. He wears glasses with heavy, , black frames. But I just saw a picture of him from 1968. What a surprise! In the picture, hes 15 years old. Hes short and he has glasses with small, round f
20、rames. He has long, yellow hair and its really straight. Hes wearing blue jeans and a T-shirt with the word “Love”. Im 15 years old now. Im average height and I have short hair. My hair isnt yellow, its blue. My dad thinks its strange, but my friends think its great. I wear glasses, but my glasses h
21、ave bright red frames. Theyre so cool! I have an earring in one ear, too. Dad really cant understand that, I never wear blue jeans. I like big, baggy pants and long T-shirts. Most of my T-shirts have pictures of my favorite rock bands on them. ( ) 1. What kind of glasses did Father wear when he was
22、fifteen years old? He wore . A. glasses with heavy, black frames B. long and yellow glasses C. glasses with bright red frames D. glasses with small, round frames ( ) 2. What color is my hair? Its _. A. yellow B. blue C. gray D. red ( )3. What do I like to wear? I like to wear _. A. blue jeans and a
23、T-shirt B. yellow jeans and a T-shirt with the word “love” C. big and baggy pants and long T-shirts D. blue jeans and an earring ( )49. Whats on my fathers T-shirt? A. The word “love”. B. Heavy and black frames. C. Pictures of rock bands. D . An earring. ( )50. Who has an earring in one ear? A. My d
24、ad does. B. I do. C. My father does. D. My Friends do. . 先阅读短文，然后回答问题：先阅读短文，然后回答问题：(5(5% %) ) This is a nice classroom. You can see some boys and girls in it.Do you know the boy in a black and green shirt? His name is Mike. He sits beside the window. The boy behind Mike is Liu Tao. Hes a Chinese boy
25、. He likes stamps. He has many Chinese stamps. The girl next to him is Lucy. Shes American. Her twin sister is Lily.They are in the same row but in different groups. Look at the girl in a green dress. She is Wang Ying. She sits between Mike and Helen.Shes Helens good friend. 1What colour is Mikes sh
26、irt? _. 2 Wheres Lucy? _. 3Who are in the same row? _. 4 Whats the name of the girls in the green dress? _. 5 Who is the nearest to the teachers desk? _. 一、 选出下列单词中划线部分读音不同的选项，将其序号填入题前括号内(15分) ( )1. A. forget B. her C. work D. nurse ( )2. A. these B. father C. think D. mouths ( )3. A. any B. catch C
27、. black D. stamp ( )4. A. book B. good C. food D. classroom ( )5. A. pens B. teachers C. apples D. cats 二、根据所给中文、英文释义及首字母提示完成句子(15分) 6. How many _ (猴子) does the zoo have ? 7. He listens to the teacher as _(仔细) as his cousin. 8. The old man lived in a _(not quiet) street, so he couldnt sle ep well ev
28、ery day. 9. W_ (the fourth day in a week) is my busiest day. 10. My ideal school starts at 9:00 a.m. and f_ at 3:00 p.m. 三. 根据句意写出所给单词的正确形式。(15分) 11、Look! One of the children _(swim)in the lake. 12、Lily is much _(health) than her sister. 13、They _(fly) to the UK, didnt they ? 14、Is _(eat) too much g
29、ood or bad for your body ? 15、Mr. Lee _ (give) us a talk on the history of China tomorr ow, isnt he? 四. 选择最佳答案。(110分) ( )16.- Could you help me , please ? - _. A. Yes , please . B. Yes , I could. C. Yes, I can. D. Youre welcome . ( )17.There is _sheep on the hill . A. little B. a few C. a little D.
30、few ( )18.There is _ “h ” , _ “o” ，_“u ” and _ “r ” in the word “hour ”. A. an ; an ; a ; an B. a; an; a; a C. a; an ; an; a D. an; an ; an ; an ( )19.-I had a really good weekend at my uncles. -_. A. Oh, thats very nice of you. B. Congratulations. C. Its a pleasure. D. Oh, Im glad to hear that. ( )
31、20.-Can I get you a cup of tea? -_. A. Thats very nice of you B. With pleasure C. You can, please D. Thank you for the tea ( )21-Does she work here? -No, but these days she _ here. A. helps B. help C. is helping D. helping ( )22. -_ today! -Yes. Shall we have a picnic in the open air? A. What fine w
32、eather is B. How fine weather it is C. What a fine weather it is D. How fine the weather is ( )23. I _tired yesterday, so I _ go shopping with her. A. am, dont B. was, am not C. was, didnt D. am, am not ( )24. -Could you get to the park before 3 oclock? -_. Ill still be at the meeting then. A. I thi
33、nk so B. Yes, I could C. Im afraid not D. Im afraid so ( ) 25. Miss Gao is _teacher. She teaches _ English. A. our, my B. us, me C. us, our D. our, us 五. 根据明信片内容及26-30的提示语，将英文代号 A-E 填在相应的横线上(15分) To_A_ You re an excellent person. I am sure your new job will be a great success. Best wishes from Mrs B
34、ell Dear_B_ Wish you every success in your exams. Well be thinking of you. All our love, Granny & Grandpa Dear_C_ People like you make the world brighter with the special things you do. Love from Andy To_D_ Hoping that good health will soon be yours. With very best wishes from everyone at Better Boo
35、ks To dear _E_ Life is boring without you. Hurry back. Love, Angela 26_ Simon is working in another city for four weeks. 27 _ Mary is in hospital. 28 _John has just started a new job. 29 _Karen will start her final exams next week. 30 _Ann cleaned her friends house when her friend was on holiday. 六、
36、完型填空 (110分) “Where is the university?” This is a question that many visitors to Cambr idge(剑桥)ask. But no one can give them a _(31)_answer, for there is no wall to be found _(32)_ the university. The university is the city. You can find c lassroom buildings, _(33)_, museums and offices of the univer
37、sity all over th e city. And most of its members are the students and_(34)_ of the thirtyone colleges(学院). Cambridge was already a_(35)_ town long before the first students and teach ers arrived 800 years ago. It grew up by the river Granta, and the river was on ce _(36)_ the Cam. A_(37)_ was built
38、over the river as early as 875， so the town got its name “Cambridge”. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries more and more land was used for c ollege buildings. The town grew much _(38)_ in the nineteenth century after t he opening of the railway in 1845.Cambridge became a_(39)_ in 1951 and now i
39、t has a population of over 100,000. Many young students in other countries_(40)_ to study at Cambridge. ( )31. A. true B. clear C. right D. wrong ( )32. A. around B. in C. near D. about ( )33. A. cinemas B. libraries C. zoos D. parks ( )34. A. parents B. farmers C. teachers D. doctors ( )35. A. inte
40、resting B. old C. new D. usual ( )36. A. said B. called C. spoken D. talked ( )37. A. bridge B. building C. station D. house ( )38. A. smaller B. slower C. slowly D. faster ( )39. A. city B. college C. country D. village ( )40. A. stop B. hate C. hope D. dislike 七、阅读理解(15分) (A) No.1 Business Hours M
41、on.toWed. 9:30a.m.6:00p.m. Thurs. 9:30a.m.8:00p.m. Fri.toSat. 9:30a.m.6:00p.m. Sun. closed No.3 Opening Hours MondaySaturday 10:00a.m.5:00 p.m. Sunday 2:30 p.m.6:00 p.m. No.2 Bills Supermarket O P E N DAYS A WEEK 8:00a.m. to 8:00p.m. No.4 Opening to the Public 9:00 a.m.5:00 p.m. Monday to Friday ( )
42、 41. If you work at No.1, you have to work longer hours on_. A. Tuesday B. Thursday C. Saturday D. Sunday ( ) 42. Which two are open every day? A.No.1 and No.2 B.No.1 and No.4 C.No.3 and No.4 D.No.2 and No.3 ( ) 43. If four people work for the four different places, how many of them neednt go to wor
43、k on Sunday morning? A. One. B. Two C. Three D. Four ( ) 44. No.4 can probably be_. A. a government(政府) office B. a hospital C. a restaurant D. a hotel ( ) 45. Bills Supermarket is open _ a day. A.8 hours B.12 hours C.14 hours D.16 hours 八、阅读下面文章并根据要求回答问题 (15分) The Arts Cinema is open 7 days a week,
44、 showing lots of American and foreign films. Next week it will show an Australian film called“Midnight Meeting”. I t is set in Sydney in the 1960s. You can see that film from Monday to Thursday. It will be on twice a day at 6:30 and 9:10 in the evenings. The film lasts two hours and fifteen minutes.
45、 Tickets are $ 4, but there is a special student tic ket at $2.60 for all the films. Please bring your student card if you want the cheaper ticket. The nearest car park to the cinema is in Hamlet Street. Its just five min uteswalk from the cinema. If you need further information, phone 8813962 duri
46、ng office hours-9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday to Friday. Answer each of the following questions in no more than SIX words.(每题答案 不超过6个词) 46 In which country is the film “Midnight Meeting” made? _ _. 47 When can people see that film? _. 48 How many minutes does the film last? _. 49 Whats the price of a
47、student ticket? _. 50 How far is it from the nearest park to the cinema? _ _. 九、根据文章内容及首字母提示，完成下面短文(将单词完整地填在下面横线上)(11 0分) Albert Einstein is one of the greatest scientists who ever lived. But he co uldnt find his way home when he went for a w 51 . He often forgot things. He had other things to think about. Science was m 52 important to him than any oth er thing in life. Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. When he was a ch ild, he learned things v
