2019新人教版高中英语选修第二册知识点梳理（重点短语句式；全册；5份打包）.zip

1 Unit1 Science and Scientists 一、重点短语总结：一、重点短语总结： 1.subscribe to 订阅 subscribe to the view/theory 同意观点/理论 subscribe for 预定;认购 2.suspect vt.疑有;不信任 suspect sb/sth of.怀疑某人/某事 suspect sb of doing.怀疑某人做 3.(1)blame sb/sth for sth 因而责备某人/某物 blame sth on sb 把某事怪到某人头上 (2)get/take the blame for.为承担责任 lay/put the blame on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某物 (3)be to blame(for)应受指责 【温馨提示】be to blame for sth 意为“应为某事负责或受指责”,其中 不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 4.link up(with)连接;结合 link.with/to.把与连接;联系 The hearts of the people of all the nationalities are linked to each other. 我国各族人民心连心。 5.decrease to 减少到 decrease by 减少了 on the decrease 在减少 2 Average house prices decreased by 13% last year. 去年房子的平均价格下降了 13%。 6.表示“因为;由于”的短语 due to 由于;因为 because of 由于;因为 on account of 由于 owing to 由于;因为 as a result of 由于的结果 7.transform.into.使变成 transform.from.into.把从变成 8.calm down(使)平静下来;(使)镇定下来 9.get down to 开始干,着手做(尤指非常花费精力之事),其中的 to 是介 词,后接动词时要用动词-ing 形式。 get over 克服 get across 被传达;被理解 get through 做完;通过(考试);接通(电话) get along/on with 进展;与某人相处 10.cast light on 使清楚;使人了解 cast doubt on 质疑;引起对的怀疑 cast a shadow over 给投下阴影 11.break down 出故障;失败;垮掉;分解 break in 破门而入;打断(谈话等) 3 break into 强行闯入;突然起来 break away from 脱离;挣脱 break up 打碎;分裂;解体 break through 突破 12.(1)defend.from/against 保护免受;防御 defend oneself 为自己辩护;自卫 (2)defence n.防御;保卫 in defence of 为了保卫;为辩护 13.(1)take charge of 掌管/负责 in the charge of 受的管理;由负责 (2)free of charge=for free 免费 (3)charge sb for sth 为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb with (doing) sth 控告某人(做)某事 14.gift n.礼物;天赋 have a gift for 有的天赋 e across 偶然遇到 come about 发生 come to 恢复常态;共计;达到(某种状况) come up with 提出(主语是人) come up 提出(主语是建议等) 16.after all 毕竟;终究 all in all 整体说来;总而言之 4 in all 全部;合计 at all (否定句)一点也不;(疑问句)到底;究竟 2、重点句型 1.1.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 这位妇女似乎非常喜欢水泵的水,所以她每天都让人把水送到她家。 2.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。 【句式拓展】 (1)Its likely that.很可能 (2)unlikely adj.不大可能发生的 be unlikely to.不可能 3.Many scientists subscribe to the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming. 许多科学家都认为是人类活动导致了全球变暖。 【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句,其中 it is human activity that.是强 调句,强调的是从句的主语 human activity。 【句式拓展】 (1)强调句的基本句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其余部分. (2)强调句的一般疑问句形式:Was/Is it+被强调部分+that+句子其余部 分? 5 强调句的特殊疑问句形式:疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was+it+that+句子 其余部分1 Unit1 BRIDGING CULTURES 1、重点短语总结：重点短语总结： 1.recall doing sth 回想起做某事 recall+从句 recall+疑问词+to do 回忆起 recall sb/sth from 从召回 I cant recall who gave me the information. 我忘记了谁给我的这个信息。 2.qualify vt.(使)具备资格;(使)合格 qualify sb to do 使某人有资格做 qualified adj.合格的;有资格的 be qualified to do 有资格做 be qualified for 有的资格;能胜任 To qualify for the competition you need to be over 18. 要有资格参加比赛,你需要年满 18 岁。 3.adapt vt.使适应;改编 adapt to 适应/适合 adapt oneself to 使自己适应 adapt.to do.调整以做 adapt.from 根据改编 adapt.for 把改写/改编成 2 It was not long before the children adapted to the life in the country. 不久孩子们就适应了乡下的生活。 fortable adj.舒适的 comfortably adv.舒适地 in comfort 舒适地 5.participate vi.参加;参与 participate in 参加 participant n.参与者;参加者 The sports meeting will take place next week.How many of you will participate? 运动会下周召开,你们有多少人参加? 6.engage in(使)从事;参与 engage sbs interest/attention 吸引某人的兴趣/注意力 engage sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事 engage sb as 雇用某人当 Her father engaged a tutor to teach her maths. 她爸爸聘用了一个老师教她数学。 7.get involved in 参与;卷入;与有关联 involve sb (in) sth/doing sth 使某人参与某事 involve doing 需要做;涉及做 More than one student gets involved in the activity. 不止一个学生参加了这个活动。 3 8.motivate vt.成为的动机;激发;激励 motivate sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 motivation n.动力;积极性;动机 You are motivated to pursue your goals. 你被激励着去追寻你的目标。 9.in (the) expectation of sth 期望 beyond (sbs) expectations 超出(某人的)期望 10.(1)expose.to.暴露给;使接触 expose oneself to.使自己面临;使自己暴露于 (2)be exposed to 遭受到;(使)接触到 He wondered about it as he stretched his body and let it expose to the sun. 11.have a problem with 在方面有困难 My brother has a problem with reading or writing. 我弟弟有读或写的问题。 12. no wonder (that).=Its no wonder (that). 难怪;不足为 奇。 【句式拓展】 (1)Its a wonder (that).令人惊奇的是 in wonder 惊奇地 (2)wonder at/about sth 对感到惊奇 wonder if/whether+从句想知道是否 13. end up with 以结束 (后接表具体事物的名词) 4 end up in 以结束 (后接表抽象概念的名词) end up as.最终成为/变成 end up+adj./doing.以 (状况) 而告终 14. behave well/badly to/towards sb 对待某人好/差 behave oneself 守规矩;表现得体 well-behaved adj.表现好的 badly-behaved adj.表现差的 behaviour n.行为;举止;习性 15. surround vt.包围;围绕 surround.with.用包围/围绕 be surrounded by/with.被包围/环绕 surrounding adj.周围的;附近的 16. (1)strength n.体力,力气;长处,优势 have the strength to do 有做的力气/意志力 build up ones strength 增强体质 (2)strong adj.坚强的;强壮的 17. gain weight 增加体重 gain sth by/from.从中获益 gain others cooperate in/on 在合作 18. cooperate with 与合作 cooperate to do sth 合作做某事 19. respect/trust 获得别人的尊敬/信任 5 2、重点句式重点句式 1.It was the first time that she had left China. 这是她第一次离开中国。 【句式剖析】句中 It/This/That is/was the+first/second/. time (that) sb have/has/had done sth 表示“这/那是某人第几次做某事”。当主句用一 般现在时时,that 从句中的谓语用现在完成时;当主句用一般过去时时, that 从句中的谓语用过去完成时,并且在口语中 that 还可省略。 【句式拓展】 It is time (for sb) to do sth.到了(某人)做某事的时候了 It is (high) time that sb did/should do sth 到了某人做某事的时候了 2.The first time that she had to write an essay,her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas,but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! 她第一次写论文时,导师跟她解释说,如果引用别人的观点就一定要注 明,不过导师主要想知道她是怎么想的! 【句式剖析】本句的主干是“主谓宾”结构:her tutor explained that.。 句首的 The first time that.是时间状语从句,其中 that 引导的定语从句 修饰 time。主句谓语动词 explained 后面是两个 that 引导的宾语从句。 在第一个宾语从句中有一个 what 引导的宾语从句和一个 if 引导的条 件状语从句;在第二个宾语从句中,what she thought 作动词不定式 to know 的宾语。the first time “第一次”,引导时间状语从句。 【句式拓展】 6 有类似用法的词语还有: each/every time 每次时 next time 下次时 the last time 上次时 The biggest reason why he loves China,however,is that he enjoys being with Chinese people. 然而,他爱中国的最大原因是他喜欢和中国人在一起。 【句式剖析】本句是“主系表”结构。主语是 The biggest reason,why 引导的是定语从句,修饰 reason;that 引导的句子作连系动词 is 的表语。 The reason why.is that.可看作固定句式,意为“的原因是”1 Unit 3 FOOD AND CULTURE 1重点短语总结重点短语总结 1.prior to 在之前(to 是介词,后接动词时要用-ing 形式) Just phone in your order three or more days prior to departure. 在出发的三天之前打电话预订即可。 2. consist of 由组成/构成 (1)consist in 在于;存在于 (2)consistent adj.一致的;连续的 be consistent with 与一致的;相符的 The true wealth does not consist in what we are. 真正的财富不在于我们是什么。 3. 【温馨提示】表示“由组成”时 consist of=be made up of=be composed of。 4. stuff sth into 把塞进 stuff sb/oneself with 让吃饱;狼吞虎咽地吃 be stuffed with 用填满 She stuffed two more sweaters into her bag. 她又往包里塞了两件毛衣。 5. a slice of 一片 slice.off 切下 slice into/through 切入 slice sth in two/half 把某物一切两半 2 Dont slice into your hand with that knife,kids. 孩子,小心别割了手。 6. at a/the minimum 至少 7. consumer n.消费者 consumption n.消耗量;消费 8. (1)not in the least 一点也不,毫不 last but not least 最后但同样重要的 9. least of all 尤其;最不 (2)at (the) most 最多;至多;不超过 Are you satisfied with his answer? 你对他的答案满意吗? Not in the least.It couldnt have been worse. 一点也不。他回答的不能再糟了 10. How/What about.?怎么样?常用来征求建议或询问看法。 what about=how about,其中 about 是介词,后接动词时要用-ing 形式。 有时动词-ing 形式前可有其逻辑主语。 11. despite/in spite of 尽管;不管 12. with regard to 关于;至于 Some studies have been carried out with regard to energy consumption. 对于能源的消耗已经进行了一些研究。 13. (1)a quantity of 或 quantities of 后既可接可数名词也可接不可数名 词。 3 (2)“a quantity of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词与名词保持数的一致;而 “quantities of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 14. be ideal for 对是理想的 This beach is ideal for children. 这个沙滩是孩子们的理想去处 15. play tricks/a trick on 搞恶作剧;开玩笑 The kids are always playing tricks on their teacher. 孩子们经常耍些花招戏弄老师 2重点句式重点句式 1.1.On the other hand,it does tell us a lot about Americans. 另一方面,它确实告诉了我们很多关于美国人的事情。 【句式剖析】本句是一个强调句,强调的是句子中的谓语动词 tell,由 于时态是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数形式,所以借助 does 表强 调。该强调形式只能用于肯定句中。 She does go to school by bus every day. 她的确每天乘公共汽车去上学。 2.Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. 又累又饿,而且一句汉语也不会,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨 师在我们桌上摆满了食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的饭菜。 【句式剖析】Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese 是 we 4 had no idea.的状语,and 并列连接了形容词和动词-ing 形式,表示当时 “我们”所处的状态。同时,前面部分又和 so the chef just began.并列, 表达因果关系。tired,hungry 是形容词作状语,说明谓语动词发生时主 语所处的状态。 3.We arrived late for supper that day,and so we just ate whatever was left in the university canteen. 那天我们吃晚饭迟到了,所以我们就吃了大学食堂剩下的东西。 【句式剖析】本句是一个并列句。We arrived late.是第一个分句,we just ate.是第二个分句,在第二个分句中 whatever 引导的从句作 ate 的宾语。whatever 引导宾语从句时,意义相当于 anything that,通常译 为“任何东西(一切事情)”“所的一切(所有)”“无论什 么都”。 4.It is up to you to decide how you want to live,and to make the right decisions about your diet. 你可以自己决定如何生活,如何选择正确的饮食。 【句式剖析】It is up to sb to do.由某人决定做。本句中真正的 主语是动词不定式短语 to decide.,how 引导的句子作 decide 的宾语。Unit 4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND 一、重点短语一、重点短语 1.please vt.使高兴;使满意 pleased adj.高兴的;满意的 pleasing adj.令人愉快的 pleasure n.愉悦;快乐 She was very pleased with her exam results. 她对自己的考试成绩非常满意。 2.arise from/out of 由引起/产生;从中产生 The countrys present difficulties arise from/out of the shortage of petroleum. 这个国家当前的困境是由石油短缺造成的。 【温馨提示】 arise 为不及物动词,表示“出现,发生”时,主语一般为 argument,difficulty,misunderstanding,problem,quarrel,trouble 等抽象名 词,无被动语态。 3.(1)hold ones breath 屏住呼吸 catch ones breath 喘息;恢复正常呼吸 lose ones breath 喘不过气来 take a deep breath 深呼吸 take sbs breath away 令人惊叹 out of breath 上气不接下气 4.be bound to do 一定会做;注定会做 be bound for 准备去 When you are dealing with so many problems,mistakes are bound to happen. 当你处理那么多问题的时候,肯定会出错。 5.freeze vt.(使)冻住 frozen adj.冷冻的;冷藏的 freezer n.冰柜;冷冻室 Its so cold that even the river has frozen. 天气冷得河都封冻了。 6.anticipate problems/difficulties 预见问题/困难 anticipate doing sth 预料做某事 It is anticipated that 人们预料 It is anticipated that the research will have many different practical applications. 预计这项研究将有许多不同的实际应用。 7. (1)prefer to do sthratherthan do sth would do sthratherthan do sth would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 (2)or rather 更确切地说 other than 除之外(常用于否定句中) more than 超过;多于 The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself. 这个表格不能由除你以外的任何人签字。 【温馨提示】 rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 8.a number of “许多”,后接可数名词的复数形式。 He has a number of interests,ranging from playing chess to swimming. 他的爱好很多,下棋、游泳都有涉猎。 【词汇拓展】 “a number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+ 复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 9.contrary to 与相反 on the contrary 相反 Contrary to expectation,he didnt win in the contest. 与预期相反,他在竞赛中没有获奖。 10.in 表示在某范围内,on 指与某地毗邻,to 指在某环境范围之外。 Changchun is in the northeast of China. 长春在中国的东北部。(范围之内) Mongolia is on the north of China. 蒙古在中国的北面。(范围之外,接壤) Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。(范围之外,不接壤) 【词汇拓展】 off 表示“离一些距离”或“离不远的海上”。 New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia. 新西兰位于澳大利亚的东海岸。(离开一段距离) 11.proceed with sth 继续做某事 proceed to do sth 继续做某事 proceed towards/to 朝行进 Were not sure whether we still want to proceed with the sale. 我们不确定是否还要继续促销。 12.(1)It astonishes sb that.令某人惊讶的是 (2)astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonished adj.感到惊讶的 be astonished at/by sth 因/对某事感到惊讶 be astonished to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶 (3)astonishment n.惊讶 to ones astonishment 使某人惊奇的是 13.advertise vt.做广告 advertiser n.广告商;广告人员 If you want to attract more customers,try advertising in the local paper. 如果你想要吸引更多顾客,就试试在当地报纸登广告。 14.owe sth to sb 欠(某人情);把归功于某人 owe it to sb that.把归功于某人 owing to 因为;由于 I owe a debt of gratitude to all my family. 我很感激我的家人。 2、重点句式重点句式 1.It was not until 9:30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario,Toronto. 直到上午 9 时 30 分,他们才终于到达多伦多的首府安大略省。 【句式剖析】本句是一个强调句,强调的是句子的时间状语 until 9:30。含有 not.until.的句子的强调句为 It is not until.that.,that 后 面的句子要用肯定形式。 2.They must have spent a pleasant evening together. 他们在一起一定度过了一个愉快的夜晚。 【句式剖析】句中的 must have been 是 must have done 结构,表示对 过去事情的肯定推测,译成“过去一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。 You must have read widely and put a lot of work into it. 你过去一定进行了广泛阅读并投入了大量的工作。 【句式拓展】 (1)表示对过去发生的事情否定或疑问的推测要用 can 或 could。 Mr Smith cant have gone to Beijing,for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 (2)may/might have done 也可表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可 能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。might 与 may 意思相同,但可能 性更小。 What has happened to George? 乔治发生了什么事? I dont know.He may have got lost. 我不知道,他可能迷路了。 3.Chinese people have been coming here for more than a hundred years. 中国人来这里已经一百多年了。 【句式剖析】本句是一个现在完成进行时结构,表示动作从过去某时 开始,一直延续到现在,可能刚刚结束,也有可能继续进行下去。 Im sure you will do better in the test because you have been studying so hard this year. 我确信你将在这次考试中取得更好的成绩,因为这一年里你一直用功 学习。 4.It is said that a person who travels far knows more. 人们说读万卷书不如行万里路。 【句式剖析】It 是形式主语,that 引导的是主语从句,在主语从句中有 一个 who 引导的定语从句。It is said that.意为“据说”。 It is thought that.据认为 It is believed that.人们相信 It is reported that.据报道 It is hoped that.人们希望 It is well-known that.众所周知1 Unit 5 FIRST AID 一、重点短语一、重点短语 1.technical adj.技术的;应用科学的 technician n.技术员;技师 I have no technical knowledge at all. 我一点技术知识都没有。 2.sense of hearing 听觉 sense of smell 嗅觉 sense of sight 视觉 sense of taste 味觉 a sense of humour 幽默感 3.(1)urge vt.催促;极力主张n.强烈的欲望;冲动 urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事 It is urged that.(should)do sth 极力主张 have an urge to do sth 渴望做某事 (2)urgently adv.紧急地 urgency n.紧急情况 2 4.(1)feel/be at ease 感到心情放松 put sb at ease 使某人放松 take ones ease 休息;轻松一下 with ease 轻易地;毫不费力地 (2)ease ones mind 使某人安心 ease sb of sth 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等) 【温馨提示】 at ease 既可作表语,又可作状语;with ease 只能作状语。 5.wrap up 包起来 wrap sth in sth 用包起来 wrap sth around sth/sb 包住;围住 The girl wrapped her arms around her father. 女孩紧紧搂住了爸爸。 6.delay doing sth 拖延做某事 delay sth until.把某事推迟到 without delay 毫不拖延;立刻 Nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended without delay. 3 即使当时他得到了及时的救护,他的生命也无法挽救。 7.bleed for 为流血牺牲 blood n.血液 bleeding n.流血;失血 The twin brothers bled for their country and died without any regrets. 这对孪生兄弟为国流血牺牲,死而无憾。 8.get into a panic 陷入惊慌中 in panic 惊慌失措 panic sb into doing sth 使某人仓促做某事 She suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car. 她突然惊慌失措起来,就把车停了。 9.(1)be interrupted by 被打断/阻断 (2)interruption n.打扰;插嘴;打岔;阻断物 without interruption 连续地;不断地 10.be desperate for.为而拼命;急于 be desperate to do 急着做;拼命做 There is no doubt that he is desperate for knowledge. 4 毫无疑问,他急需要知识。 11.jump to ones feet 跳起来 struggle to ones feet 挣扎着起来 rise to ones feet 站起来 The wounded man struggled to his feet. 那名伤者挣扎着站起来。 12.practise vt.训练 practise doing 练习做 practice n.实践;练习 We should make full use of every chance to practise speaking English. 我们要充分利用一切机会练习说英语。 13.grab sth from.从里夺取 make a grab for 抓住 He made a grab for the ball before it landed. 他在球落地前抓住了它。 14.justify doing 证明做有道理 justify oneself 证明自己有道理;为自己辩护 5 He has a strong desire to justify himself. 他迫切想为自己辩护。 15.in the shape of 以形状 in shape 在形状上 Our dinning room is square in shape. 我们的餐厅是方形的。 2、重点句式重点句式 1.You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids,steam,fire,radiation,the sun,electricity,acids,or other chemicals. 你可以被各种各样的东西烧伤:热液体、蒸汽、火、辐射、太阳、电、 酸或其他化学物质。 【句式剖析】本句是一个简单句,其中 get burnt 是“get+过去分词”构 成的被动语态,常用在口语中。 【句式拓展】 能够用于 get 后构成被动语态的过去分词不多,常见的有 arrested,broken,caught,cheated,confused,delayed,divorced,dressed,drown 6 ed,drunk,elected,engaged,hit,killed,lost,married,stuck 等。 I got caught in the rain on the way home. 我在回家的路上遇到倾盆大雨。 2.Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary,unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如果有必要,用剪刀把衣服剪掉,除非你看到织物粘在烧伤的皮肤上。 【句式剖析】本句是个复合句。主句 Remove any clothes 是祈使句, unless 引导的是条件状语从句。if necessary 是省略语,表示“