1、2019 新人教版高中英语必修二单元同步语法 Unit 3 现在完成现在完成时的被动语态时的被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态表示 “现在已经被完成的动作” 。 常与一些副词连用， 如already, yet, just, never, ever, lately, recently, twice 等，通常把副词放在助动词 have 或 has 的后面，有时 候也可以放在句末。也可以表示“一个从过去某个时间开始，持续到现在，并可能延续下去 的被做的动作” 。常用的时间状语有：for+一段时间，since+时间点/从句， in/ for/over/during the last / past few
2、years/months/weeks/days, ever since, so far, up to now, in recent years 等连用。 一 现在完成时被动语态的构成 1肯定形式：主语+has/ have been过去分词 The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。 Many new buildings have been built since 2018. 自从2018年， 许多新的大楼被建成。 2. 否定形式: 主语+has/ have not been过去分 词 The car has not been re
3、paired yet. 这辆汽 车还没有修好。 These books have not been published. 这些 书还没有被出版。 3. 疑问形式: Has/have+主语+been过去分 词？ Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行车修 好了吗？ Have the machines been used for a long time?这机器使用很久了吗？ 二现在完成时被动语态的用法 1.表示现在已经被完成的动作。 常用的时间状语有： already, yet, just, never, ever, lately, recently, twice 等,
4、通常把副词放在助动 词 have 或 has 的后面，有时候 也可以放在句末。 Some flowers have already been watered by Li Ming. 一些花 已经被李明浇了。 Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed yet? Wi-Fi 密码被 验证了吗？ Recently his novel has been translated into many foreign languages? 最近，他的小说被翻译成好几种外语。 2.表示一个从过去某个时间开 始，持续到现在，并可能继续延 续下去的被做的动作。 常用的时 间状语有：
5、 for+一段时间， since+ 时间点/从句， in/ for/over/during the last / past few years/months/weeks/days, ever since, so far, up to now, in recent years 等连用。 Much useful information about these planets has been collec ted since 1971. 自从 1971 年关于这些行星的许多有用的 信息已经被收集。 Computer science has been taught in all universiti
6、es for many years. 所有的大学开计算机课程已经很多年了。 Up to now, no news has been received from her. 到现在，还没有收到她的消息。 【注意一】主动语态变被动语态注意事项 1.短语动词的被动语态： 主动语态中的谓语动词是短语动词时，变 为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的 介词或副词。 They take good care of the children at school. The children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在学校受到很好的照顾。 You shouldnt l
7、augh at disabled people. Disabled people shouldnt be laughed at. 残疾人不应该被嘲笑。 2. 带双宾语的动词，变为被动语态时可以 有两种方法： （1）把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主 语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来。 （2）把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的 主语，而把间接宾语改为介词 to 或 for 引 起的状语。 用 to 还是 for， 根据动词的搭配： 一般动词 give,pass, show, send,bring要加介 词 to；动词 buy, make, cook, mend 要加介 词 for。 He ga
8、ve her some money. 他给她一些钱。 She was given some money. / Some money was given to him. He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一块表。 She was bought a watch./ A watch was bought for her. 3.带有复合宾语的句子， 变成被动语态时宾 补相应变为主补： （1）在感官动词(hear,see, watch, feel, notice 等)和使役动词(let,make have 等)在 主动语态中后接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾 补,但是改为被动语态时,
9、 要加上 to，作主 补。 （2）如果主动语态中 doing 或 to do 作宾 补时， 变为被动时仍然用 doing 或 to do 的 形式。 We often see him go for a walk by the river. He is often seen to go for a walk by the river. They made the boys work 12 hours a day. The boys were made to work 12hours a day. I saw him playing football at that moment. He was
10、seen playing football at that moment. Our teacher told us to clean the room at once. We were told to clean the room at once . 【注意二】 使用被动语态时注意的几个方面 1. 不 用 被 动 语 态 的 情况 （1）系动词 look, feel, sound, smell, taste, seem, appear, go, prove, turn 等 与形容词连用时。 Ice feels cold. 冰摸上去凉。 Your bedroom smelt so terribl
11、e. 你的卧室气味难闻。 His plan proved (to be) practical. 这项计划证明是符合实际的。 （2）表示开始、结束、 运 动的词 begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, shut 等。 Work began at 7 oclock this morning. 上午七点开始工作。 The shop closes at 6 p.m every day. 这家店铺每天下午 6 点关门。 （3）表示主语的某种属 性的词 read, write, act, cut, play, draw, drive, sell, wash, cl
12、ean, wear, open, cook, lock, look, shut 等， 通常和副词 well, easily, smoothly, badly, nicely 等 连用。其否定形式通常用 The books sell well 这些书很畅销。 Your pen writes smoothly. 你的笔书写起来很流畅。 This knife cuts well. 这把刀子很快。 This coat dries easily. 这种外衣容易干。 The recorder wont play. 这录音机不转了。 The door wont lock/ open. 门锁不上/ 打不开。
13、wont，表示拒绝。 2.get 型被 动语态 get +done 表被动意义， 相 当于 be+done He got paid by the month. 他是按月领薪水的。 He fell and got hurt. 他摔倒受伤了。 They got married last week. 他们上周结婚了。 His car got damaged in a road accident. 他的车在交通事故中被毁了。 3.It + be+ 过去分词+ 从句 It is said that she knows three languages. (=She is said to know thre
14、e languages. ) 据说她懂三种语言。 It is reported that the American president will visit China next week. (= The American president is reported to visit China next week.) 据报道美国总统下周要访华。 4. 常 见 的 没 有 被 动 语 态 的 动 词及短语 spread，happen, occur (发生)，take place, break out, belong to, come true, come into being, come ou
15、t(出版)，come up(被提出), consist of（由组成）, give out（用完，耗尽, run out（用完） ，turn out（证明是） ，turn up（出现） ， work out（产生，结果） ，date from/ back to(追溯到)等。 【巩固练习】 一将下列主动句变为被动句 1. You can see that they have not painted the house for years. 2.It is said that two thieves have broken into the house . 3. Have people criti
16、cized his views ? 4. He has not taken away the two books. 5. Where have you repaired the mobile phone? 6. The company has brought down the price of the colour TV set again . 7. My parents gave me a toy at Christmas. 8. Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 9. They saw the boy smoking a ciga
17、rette. 10. The boss forced the workers to work day and night. 二用所给动词的正确时态填空 1. -Look, what an old bridge! It looks so special! -Yeah, it _ （ build）for nearly 500 years . 2. More than 14, 000 books _（collect）since the library _ （build）last month. 3. This is a photo of the power station that _（set）up
18、in my hometown. 4. How many workers _（send） to build the railway recently? 5.Much information _（send）back to the earth since the spacemen began their exploration on the moon. 6. Much parking space in cities _ (save) by using small cars. 7. This part of the sea _ (explore) many times. 8.Al l the prep
19、aration for the task_（do）, and were ready to start. 9.I _（employ）at this job since 1990. 10. A kind of new PC _（build）with more functions recently. 11. I hear Jans life _（improve）by the Internet. 12.The construction of the new railway lines_（finish）by the workers by now. 13. No comment _（make） about
20、 the online database till now. 14. A great many fine cars _ （produce） by the car factory since the technological revolution. 15. Much _（write）about the wonders of the World Wide Web since then. 16.It is said that the book _ (translate) into several languages. 17. Look at the way the paths_（sweep）. Y
21、oud better do it again. 18. The child _（take）care of by grandma all these years. 19.First as a PC and then as a laptop, I_(use) in offices and homes since the 1970s. 20. Since the 1970s many new applications _ (find) for me. 答案：一1. You can see that the house has not been painted for years. 2.It is s
22、aid that the house has been broken into by two thieves. 3. Have his views been criticized by people? 4. The two books have not been taken away (by him). 5. Where has the mobile phone been repaired? 6. The price of the colour TV set has been brought down again by the company. 7.I was given a toy at C
23、hristmas by my parents. 或A toy was given to me at Christmas by my parents. 8.A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 9. The boy was seen smoking a cigarette. 10. The workers were forced to work day and night by the boss. 二1.has been built 2.have been collected ;was built 3. has been set 4. ha
24、ve been sent 5. has been sent 6. has been saved 7.has been explored 8. have been done 9. have been employed 10. has been built 11. has been improved 12. has been finished 13.has been made 14. have been produced 15. has been written 16. has been translated 17. have been swept 18. has bee taken 19.have been used 20.have been found
