（2021新教材）牛津译林版必修第一册英语Unit2教学案 词汇讲解.zip

1 高一必修第一册高一必修第一册 Unit2 学案学案 (新教材新教材) 第一部分第一部分 词汇讲解词汇讲解 第一讲第一讲 1. roof n. 屋顶，顶部 the roof of. .的顶部 The roof of the car was not damaged in the accident.事故中，车顶没有遭到损坏。 I am just thankful that we have a roof over our heads. 我们有地方住我就很感激了。 2. see eye to eye with sb. on sth. (在某事上)与某人看法一致 He doesnt see eye to eye with his brother about this matter. 在这个问题上他和他哥哥看法不一致 Mike and his father dont see eye to eye on the issue. Mike 和他老爸在这个问题上没有达到一致。 keep an eye on. 照看，留意 keep an eye out for 密切注意 3. argue：v. 争吵，争论，争辩，说理，论证 argue with ab about sth Were always arguing with each other about money. 我们总是为钱吵嘴。 He argued that they needed more time to finish the project. 他提出理由说明他们需要更多的时间来完成该项目。 argument n. 争吵，争论，论点 We had an argument with the waiter about the bill. 我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。 There are strong arguments for and against euthanasia. 对安乐死支持和反对者都有强有力的论据。 3. teenager：n. (13 至 19 岁之间的)青少年，青少年男女 She was a child prodigy, giving concerts before she was a teenager. 她是个神童，十来岁不到就举办音乐会了。 teenage adj. 十几岁的(指 13 至 19 岁);青少年的 She has a teenage daughter from a previous marriage 她前一段婚姻有一个十几岁的女儿。 4. tension：n. 紧张局势(或关系、状况)，(情绪上的)紧张，烦躁，拉伸 There is mounting tension along the border. 边境局势日趋紧张。 We laughed and that helped ease the tension. 我们笑了，因而使紧张的情绪缓和下来。 tense adj. 神经紧张的，担心的，不能松弛的 The atmosphere in the meeting was getting more and more tense. 会议的气氛越来越紧张。 5. anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的 He was a bit anxious about the safety of the machinery. 他有点担心机器的安全性。 She was anxious that it might be cancer. 她担心可能是癌症。 造句：我们为你担心。 . 归纳拓展： 2 (1). be anxious for/about(be worried/concerned about)为担心/担忧 be anxious for(be eager for/be keen on) 渴望 be anxious (for sb.) to do sth.渴望(某人)做 be anxious that. 渴望(从句谓语用 should do，should 可以省略) (2). anxiously adv. 焦躁地；急切地 (3). anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望 比较级： more anxious 最高级： most anxious 单句语法填空 .We were anxious for everyone (know) the truth. .We waited with (anxious) for the news of her safe arrival. .She is anxious about not (pass) the College Entrance Exam. .More and more people are (anxiety) for the quality of the air. 6. rate：n. 速度，速率，进度，比率，率 vt./ vi. 评价，评估 at a different rate 以不同的速率 at the rate of 以-速度 at any rate （强调事情的真实性）无论如何，不管怎样; （表示说得更加确切）不管怎样，至少; （强调下文）总而言之，反正 Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometers an hour. 大多数人步行的平均速度为每小时 5 公里。 The number of reported crimes is increasing at an alarming rate. 报警案件的数量正在以惊人的速度增长。 His pulse rate dropped suddenly. 他的脉搏速率突然下降。 Well, thats one good piece of news at any rate. 不管怎么说，这是个好消息。 He said hell be coming tomorrow. At any rate, I think thats what he said. 他说他明天要来。至少，我认为他是这么说的。 There were maybe 60 or 70 people there. At any rate, the room was packed. 那里也许有六七十人吧。反正屋子里挤得严严实实。 7. shoot v. (使朝某方向)冲，奔，射击，射杀，摄影 过去式：shot 过去分词：shot shoot up 快速长高，蹿个儿，陡增 shoot at 向.射击 shoot.in the head/back/leg 射中.的头部/背部/腿部 troops shooting at the enemy 向敌人射击的部队 A man was shot in the leg. 一个人被射中腿部。 A plane shot across the sky. 飞机掠过天空。 Flames were shooting up through the roof. 火不断从房顶蹿上来。 3 The movie was shot in black and white. 那部电影拍成了黑白片。 8. spot: n. 粉刺，斑点，污渍，地点，场所 v. 注意到，发现，使有污渍 过去式：spotted 过去分词：spotted on the spot 当场，在现场 spot sb doing sth 发现某人在做某事 be spotted with .满是.斑点污渍 He was wearing a black skirt with white spots. 她穿着一条黑底白点的裙子。 His jacket was covered with spots of mud. 他的上衣满是泥点。 He showed me the exact spot where he had asked her to marry him. 他把他当时向她求婚的确切地点指给我看。 He answered the question on the spot. 他当场就回答了那个问题。 Ive just spotted a mistake on the front cover. 我刚才在封面上发现了一处错误。 His shirt was spotted with oil. 他的衬衣上满是油点。 9. target n(攻击)目标，对象；靶子 vt.把作为攻击目标；面向 There is no target date for completion of the new project. 这个新的项目何时完工没有预定日期。 Higher degrees in English are a target for foreign students. 获得英语高等学位是外国学生的目标。 造句: 该地区成了发展超市的首选之地。______________________________________________ (1). set a target设定目标 aim at the target 瞄准目标 hit/miss the target 中/脱靶 (2). target sth.on/at 把对准 be targeted on/at 以为目标；把对准；旨在 单句语法填空 .Set yourself (target) that you can reasonably hope to achieve. .This TV show is mainly (target) on the young. .To hit target，you have to aim at it. .We were still right on target our deadline. 9. anger: n. 怒气，怒火 v. 使发怒，激怒 in anger 生气地 He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated. 他因遭受如此待遇而怒火满腔。 He cried with anger and frustration. 他愤怒而又沮丧得哭了起来。 angry adj. 生气的，愤怒的 比较级： angrier 最高级： angriest be angry with/at sb be angry at/about sth Please dont be angry with me. It wasnt my fault. 请别冲着我发脾气，不是我的错。 4 He felt angry at the injustice of the situation. 他对这种不公的现象感到愤愤不平。 I was very angry with myself for making such a stupid mistake. 我很生自己的气，竟犯了这样愚蠢的错误。 angrily adv. 愤怒地；生气地 She had been very angry at the person who stole her new bike. 她很生气有人偷走了她的新自行车。 10. desire : n./v. 愿望，欲望，渴望 desirable adj. 向往的；可取的；值得拥有的；值得做的 have a strong desire for sth/to do sth 有做某事的强烈的愿望 desire to do sth 渴望去做某事 desire sb to do srh 渴望某人去做某事 a strong desire for power 强烈的权力欲 I have no desire (= I do not want) to discuss the matter further. 我不想再谈此事。 The house had everything you could desire. 这房子你要什么有什么。 Fewer people desire to live in the north of the country. 想住在这个国家北方的人就更少了。 The teacher desired the children to listen to him carefully. 老师希望孩子们仔细听他讲。 11. struggle n 单句语法填空 .We waited inside until things calmed .He took a few deep breaths (calm) himself down. .She gazed (calm)back at the queen. .If I feel anxious，I know what to do to calm (me) down. 15. view: n. 看法，见解，视线，景色 v. 把.视为，以.看待，查看 in ones view=in ones opinion 在某人看来 from ones point of view 从某人的观点出发 in/out of view 在视线内/外 come into view 进入视线 view.as. 将.视为. This evidence supports the view that there is too much violence on television. 这一证据对电视节目中暴力太多的观点予以支持。 In my view it was a waste of time.依我看，这是浪费时间。 He has an optimistic view of life.他乐观地看待人生。 I didnt have a good view of the stage.我看不清舞台。 6 The view from the top of the tower was spectacular. 从塔顶远眺景色蔚为壮观。 a book with views of Paris 一本有巴黎风光的书 How do you view your position within the company? 你如何看待自己在公司中的位置？ The property can only be viewed by appointment. 只有预约方可察看这处房产。 16. concern n担心；关心 vt.使担忧；涉及；关系到 This chapter concerns itself with the historical background. 本章旨在讲述历史背景。 She hasnt been seen for four days and there is concern for her safety. 她已四天不见踪影，大家对她的安全很担心。 造句: 在生命最后的日子里，诗人表达了她对父亲的关切。 (1).show concern for.对关切；关心 (2).It concerns/concerned sb.that. 令某人担忧的是 (3).concerned adj. 担心的；关注的 as/so far as.be concerned 关于；至于；就而言 be concerned about/for 关心；担忧；挂念 be concerned with sth. 牵涉到；与有关 (4) . concerning prep. 关于；就而言 单句语法填空 .As far as the space technology (concern)，China ranks third in the world. .He asked several questions (concern) the future of the company. .More and more people show great concern road safety. .What (concern) me is our lack of preparation for the change. 17. back down 承认错误，认输，打退堂鼓 Its too late to back down now 现在打退堂鼓已经太晚了。 He had to back down on plans to backdate the tax changes. 他不得不放弃追溯税收调整的计划。 His determination and refusal to back down had won the day 他的坚定和拒不退让使他赢得了胜利。 词汇讲解词汇讲解 第二讲第二讲 18. normal: adj. 典型的；正常的；一般的 n. 常态，通常标准，一般水平 as normal 像往常一样 Its normal to feel tired after such a long trip. 这样长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。 Under normal circumstances, I would say yes. 一般情况下，我会说“行”。 People who commit such crimes arent normal. 犯这种罪的人心理不正常。 Things soon returned to normal. 情况很快恢复了正常。 19. stress n精神压力；紧张；强调；vt.加压力于；着重；强调 7 It was undertaken under the stress of desperation. 那是在绝望的迫使下做出的一种反应。 In the meeting，they laid stress on the importance of reducing pollution. 在大会上，他们强调了减少污染的重要性。 造句:失业及妻子的健康问题使他处于巨大的压力中。 (1). lay/place/put stress on强调；着重于 under the stress of在压力下；为所迫 be under stress处于压力之下 (2). stress the importance of.强调的重要性 (3). stressful adj.压力重的；有压力的 (4).stressed adj. (人)紧张的 单句语法填空 .To my excitement，my new job is much less (stress) .It must (stress) that this disease is very rare. .He stressed importance of a good education. .When we are stress our bodies tend to tense up. 20. argue vi.争吵，争辩，争论 vt.说理，论证 Do you often argue with your wife about which TV programme to watch? 你经常为看哪个电视节目与妻子争论吗？ Woolfs report argued for an improvement in prison conditions. 伍尔夫的报告主张改善监狱条件。 造句:我们总是为钱吵嘴。 . (1). argue with sb.(about/over sth.) (就某事)与某人争(辩)论 argue for/against sth.据理赞成/反对 argue sb.into doing sth.说服某人做某事 argue sb.out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事 (2). argument n.争吵，争论，论点 单句语法填空: .We had an (argue) with the waiter about the bill. .They are arguing foreign policy. .The report argues tax increases. .I argued her out of (go) on such a dangerous journey. 21. design n设计；制订；图案；构思 vt.设计；计划；构思 The magazine will appear in a new design from next month. 从下月起这本杂志将以新的设计问世。 They asked me to design a poster for the campaign. 他们请我为这次运动设计一张海报。 造句: 这种方法是为小组活动设计的。 . 8 (1). by designon purpose故意地，蓄意地 (2). be designed to do sth.目的是做某事；被设计用于做某事 be designed for 打算作用；为而设计 be designed as 打算当作；设计成 (3). designer n. 设计者；谋划者 单句语法填空 . HUNCH is designed (connect) high school classrooms with NASA engineers. . As far as I know，the course is designed beginners. . The programme (design) to help the orphans. . The room can be also designed a meeting room. 22. expert n. 专家，行家，能手 adj. 熟练的，内行的，专家的 an expert on/in sth 某方面的专家 be expert at doing sth 熟练于做某事 Hes an expert at getting his own way. 他在如何达到自己的目的方面很在行。 an expert in child psychology 儿童心理学家 an expert on modern literature 现代文学研究专家 Shes expert at making cheap but stylish clothes. 她擅长做便宜但雅致的服装。 Well need an expert opinion 我们需要听听专家的意见。 23. likely adj.可能的，预料的，有希望的 more likely most likely We will most likely see him later. 我们很可能晚些时候会见到他。 He is likely to leave for New York next week. 他下周很可能去纽约。 造句：他很可能两天后会来这儿。 . (1). likely adj. 可能的 sb./sth.be likely to do.可能做 It is likely that. 可能 Not likely! 不会！不可能！ (2). unlikely adj.不可能的 (3). unlike prep.不像；与不同 单句语法填空 .They are likely (finish) the job on Sunday. .It is likely the girl will win the match. .Usually she is a latecomer，so its (likely) that shell arrive before seven. 24. unique adj. 独一无二的，独特的，特有的 be unique to 对.所特有 9 Everyones fingerprints are unique. 每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。 an atmosphere that is unique to New York 纽约所独具的气氛 25. performance n表现；表演；执行，履行 Inside the theatre，they were giving a performance of Bizets Carmen. 他们正在剧院里演出比才的卡门 。 It was an impressive performance by the French team. 那是法国队一次令人叹服的表现。 造句:你认为我的表演怎么样？ ? (1).give/put on a performance演出；表演 (2).perform vt.& vi.表演；履行；执行；表现 perform a(n) .role in在中起作用 perform ones duty/promise尽职责/履行诺言 perform an operation/experiment做手术/实验 (3). performer n.执行者，实行者；履行者；表演者 单句语法填空 .You are expected (perform) your duties. .They gave (perform) to collect money for the project. .When asked to put on performance，she refused. . (perform) so frequently，the play was familiar to a lot of people. 26. press v. 催促，逼迫，按，压，挤，推 n. 报章杂志，报道 the press 新闻工作者，新闻界 press sth on sb 把.强加于某人 pressure n. 压力 put pressure on sb 给某人压力 The story was reported in the press and on television. 这件事已在报刊和电视上报道了。 He gave the bell another press. 他又按了一下铃。 She pressed her face against the window. 她把脸贴在窗子上。 He pressed a coin into her hand and moved on. 他把一枚硬币塞进她手里，然后继续向前走。 The bank is pressing us for repayment of the loan. 银行正在催我们偿还贷款。 The window in the cockpit had blown in and the pressure dropped dramatically. 驾驶舱的窗户突然向内破裂，气压急剧降低。 He may have put pressure on her to agree 他可能向她施加了压力，迫使她同意。 27. eager adj.热切的，渴望的，渴求的 Robert，who used to be a successful captain，is eager to talk about his life in the army. 罗伯特曾是个成功的上尉，他很想谈谈他的军队生活。 She is eager for her parents approval. 她渴望得到父母的赞许。 10 造句: 这个年轻女孩很努力，因为她渴望成功。 . (1). be eager for sth. 渴望得到 be eager to do sth.渴望做某事 (2). eagerly adv.热切地，渴望地 (3). eagerness n.热切；渴望 单句语法填空 .The poor girl is eager knowledge. .Each week I was eager (count) my growing savings increased by extra work here and there. .The fans were waiting for the famous star (eager) .I couldnt hide my (eager) to get back home. 28. account vt.认为是；视为；说明；总计有 n账户；描述；解释；说明；报道 Women account for the majority of our customers. 我们的顾客中女性占多数。 He has a bad name on account of his dishonesty. 他因不诚实而声名狼藉。 造句: 我希望你能考虑一下我的建议。 . (1). account for 说明(原因等)；做出解释；占(比例) (2). open/close a bank account开/销银行账户 on account ofbecause of由于；因为 on no account不论什么理由都不 give an account for 描述 take.into accounttake.into consideration 考虑；把考虑在内 (3). accountant n. 会计 单句语法填空 .Hell have to account where every cent goes. .Before making a decision，we should take the needs of customers account. . no account will I lose heart. 29. secure adj. 安心的，可靠的，牢固的，安全的 (1). securely adv. 安心地，牢固地 She locked the door securely behind her.她随手把门锁好。 (2). security n. 保护措施，安全工作，保安部门，担保 (3). insecure adj. 不安全的，不可靠的，无把握的 (4). be secure from 免受.的威胁 At last they were able to feel secure about the future. 他们终于觉得不必为将来而担忧了。 Its not a very secure way to make a living. 以此谋生终非长久之计。 Check that all windows and doors have been made as secure as possible. 11 看看是不是所有的门窗都关紧了。 Our relationship was now on a more secure footing. 现在，我们的关系有一个更为稳固的基础了。 30. graduate v. 毕业 n. 毕业生 graduation n. 毕业，毕业典礼 (1). graduate from 从.毕业 (2). graduate in 毕业于 . 学科 (3). a graduate in history 历史学学士 He graduated from York with a degree in Psychology. 他毕业于约克大学，获心理学学士学位。 She recently graduated from being a dancer to having a small role in a movie. 她最近从一个舞蹈演员逐步过渡到在电影里扮演小角色。 31. volunteer vt.&vi.&n. 自愿做，义务做；志愿者 When she retired，she did a lot of voluntary work for the Red Cross. 她退休后为红十字会做了大量的志愿工作。 She volunteered some information. 她主动提供了一些信息。 造句: 两个人自告奋勇去寻找那位失踪的登山运动员。 (1). volunteer n志愿者； vt.& vi. 自愿做，义务做 volunteer sth.自愿提供，自愿给予 volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 volunteer for自愿参加 volunteer as/to be自愿成为 (2). voluntary adj. 志愿的；自愿的，主动的 (3). voluntarily adv. 自愿地；主动地 单句语法填空 . Aunt Mary volunteered (clean) up the kitchen. . He was not asked to leavehe went (voluntary) . She now helps in a local school as volunteer three days a week. 32. figure n. 数字，数据，人物，体型，身材 v. 计算，认为，以为 a four-figure number 一个四位数 a political figure 一个政治人物 figure out 计算，弄清楚 By 2004, this figure had risen to 14 million. 到 2004 年为止，这个数字已增长到 1 400 万。 His salary is now in six figures. 他的薪水现在是六位数。 Shes always had a good figure. 她一向体态秀美。 The central figure in the painting is the artists daughter. 画中间那个人是画家的女儿。 My feelings about the matter didnt seem to figure at all. 我对这个问题的意见似乎根本无足轻重。 12 I figured (that) if I took the night train, I could be in Scotland by morning. 我认为，如果我坐夜班火车，早上就可以到苏格兰。 I cant figure out how to do this. 我弄不懂怎样做这件事 33. operation n. 手术，运转，操作，行动 do/perform an operation on sb 给某人做手术 in operation 工作中，使用中，有效 operate v. 经营，操作，做手术 an operation on her lung to remove a tumour 为她做肺部肿瘤切除手术 The police have launched a major operation against drug suppliers. 警方发动了一次打击毒贩的大规模行动。 The rescue operation began on Friday afternoon 救援行动于星期五下午开始。 34. response n回复；反应，响应 Word came that the school would make a response to the students request soon. 有消息传来，学校会很快对学生们的请求作出回应。 He went to open the door in response to a knock. 听到有人敲门，他走过去开门。 造句: 政府方面对他的评论一直没有反应。 (1). in response to 响应；反应(通常作状语) make (no) response to对(不)做出反应/回答 (2). respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应 respond to.回应；对做出反应 respond that.回答说 单句语法填空 . The product was developed in (respond) to customers demands. . She responded my letter with a phone call. . He responded that he (will) be pleased to attend the party.1 高一必修第一册高一必修第一册