1、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
2、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
3、,王勃滕王阁序“落霞与孤鹜齐飞,秋水共长天一色”令人神往之至;崔灏黄鹤楼“晴川历历汉阳树,芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲”让人回味无穷;而岳阳楼上,范仲淹“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”传唱不衰,岳阳楼记更是成 为了写景状物抒情的名篇。,10 岳阳楼记,1.了解作者及写作背景;理解并积累文言词汇,正确翻译全文,把握文章主题。(重点) 2.学习本文叙事、写景、议论、抒情相结合以及情景交融的写作方法。(难点) 3.感受作者宽广的胸襟和远大的政治抱负;培养吃苦在前、享乐在后的思想品德。(重点),状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
4、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
5、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,范仲淹(9891052),字希文,谥号文正,世称“范文正公”,苏州吴县(今江苏苏州)人,北宋政治家、文学家。他为政清廉、
6、体恤民情,力举改革,刚正不阿,并且工于诗词散文,所作的文章富有政论性,文辞优美,气度豁达。有范文正公集传世。,本文选自范仲淹全集(凤凰出版社2004年版),是范仲淹被罢去参知政事而贬官河南邓州时,应好友滕子京之请而写的。滕子京与范仲淹同为大上祥符进士,因遭诬陷而被贬谪到岳州做太守。滕子京重修岳阳楼,在行将落成时函请范仲淹作记,并送去一幅洞庭晚秋图。范仲淹依据此图,凭着丰富的想象,写下了这篇抒己胸襟、规劝朋友的千古名篇岳阳楼记。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
7、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
8、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,谪守( ) 朝晖夕阴( ) 迁客骚人( ) 淫雨( ) 霏霏( ) 薄暮冥冥( ) 潜形( ) 岸芷( ) 汀兰( ) 皓月( ) 宠辱偕忘( ) 心旷神怡( ) 浩浩
9、汤汤( ) 樯倾楫摧( )( ),zh,hu,so,yn,fi,mn,qin,zh,tn,ho,xi,y,shn,qin,j,百废具兴( ),浩浩汤汤( ),通“荡”,水浪翻滚。,通“俱”,全,皆。,属予作文以记之( ),通“嘱”,嘱咐。,岳阳楼记 庆历四年春,滕子京谪守巴陵郡。越明年,政通人和,百废具兴。乃重修岳阳楼,增其旧制,刻唐贤今人诗赋于其上。属予作文以记之。,1044年。庆历,宋仁宗赵祯的年号。,封建王朝官吏降职或远调。,做州郡的长官。,到了第二年,就是庆历五年(1045)。,政事顺利,百姓和乐。这是赞美滕子京的话。,同“俱”,全,皆。,于是,就。,增加,扩充。,同“嘱”,嘱托。,状
10、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
11、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,予
12、观夫巴陵胜状,在洞庭一湖。衔远山,吞长江,浩浩汤汤,横无际涯,朝晖夕阴,气象万千,此则岳阳楼之大观也,前人之述备矣。然则北通巫峡,南极潇湘,迁客骚人,多会于此,览物之情,得无异乎?,胜景,好景色。,指洞庭湖包围着远处的群山。,宽阔无边。横,广远。际涯,边。,或早或晚(一天里)阴晴多变化。晖,日光。,雄伟景象。,完全,详尽。,虽然如此,那么。,极,尽,这里有远通的意思。,谪迁的人,指降职远调的人。,诗人。战国时屈原作离骚,因此后人也称诗人为骚人。,古代汉语中常见的一种句式,表示推测的语气,意思是“可能吧”。,若夫淫雨霏霏,连月不开,阴风怒号,浊浪排空,日星隐曜,山岳潜形,商旅不行,樯倾楫摧,薄暮
13、冥冥,虎啸猿啼。登斯楼也,则有去国怀乡,忧谗畏讥,满目萧然,感极而悲者矣。,连绵的雨。,雨(或雪)繁密的样子。,连续一个月不放晴,极言雨多。开,天气放晴。,冲向天空。,光辉。,没于水,引申为隐藏,隐没。,桅杆倒下,船桨折断。,迫近。,这,这个。,指国都,京城。,担心,担忧。,说坏话。,萧条冷落的样子。,至若春和景明,波澜不惊,上下天光,一碧万顷,沙鸥翔集,锦鳞游泳,岸芷汀兰,郁郁青青。而或长烟一空,皓月千里,浮光跃金,静影沉璧,渔歌互答,此乐何极!登斯楼也,则有心旷神怡,宠辱偕忘,把酒临风,其喜洋洋者矣。,至于, 又如。,日光。,湖面平静,没有惊涛骇浪。惊,这里有起、动的意思。,极言其广。,时
14、而飞翔,时而停歇。集,鸟停息在树上。,美丽的鱼。鳞,代鱼。,岸上与小洲上的花草。芷,香草的一种。,形容草木茂盛。,有时。,全。,浮动的光闪着金色。这是描写月光照耀下的水波。,静静的月影像沉入水中的玉璧。这是写无风时水中的月影。璧,圆形的玉。,哪有穷尽。,心情舒畅,精神愉悦。,光荣和屈辱一并忘了。宠,荣耀。偕,一起。,端、执。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
15、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
16、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,嗟夫!予尝求古仁人之心,或异二者之为,何哉?不以物喜,不以己悲,居庙堂之高则忧其民,处江湖之远则忧其君。是进亦忧,退亦忧。然则何时而乐耶?其必曰“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”乎!噫!微斯人,吾谁与归?时六年九月十五日。,探求。,古时品德高尚的人。,或许不同于(以上)两
17、种心情。,因为。,指朝廷。,处在僻远的江湖间,意思是不在朝廷上做官。,这样。,语气词,表示猜测语气。,在之前。,在之后。,没有。,就是“与谁归”。归,归依。,微斯人( ) 越明年( ) 至若春和景明( ) 予观夫巴陵胜状( ) 沙鸥翔集( ),古义:没有 今义:微小,古义:及,到 今义:跨过,跳过,古义:日光 今义:景致,风景,古义:指示代词,那 今义:丈夫,古义:鸟停息在树上 今义:泛指聚集,而或长烟一空( ) 或异二者之为( ),副词,有时、偶尔,副词,或许,也许,属予作文以记之( ) 不以物喜,不以己悲( ),连词,来,介词,因为,予观夫巴陵胜状( ) 此则岳阳楼之大观也( ),动词,看
18、,名词,景象,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
19、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
20、,状元成才路,此乐何极( ) 南极潇湘( ),动词,穷尽,然则何时而乐耶( ) 此则岳阳楼之大观也( ) 居庙堂之高则忧其民( ),动词,尽,连词,那么,判断动词,是,连词,就,百废具兴( ) 先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐( ) 刻唐贤今人诗赋于其上( ) 或异二者之为( ),形容词作名词,荒废了的事业,名词作状语,,在之前,在之后,形容词作名词,贤明之人,动词作名词,指心理活动,判断句: 此则岳阳楼之大观也(“也”,表判断) 倒装句: 刻唐贤今人诗赋于其上(状语后置,应为“于其上刻唐贤今人诗赋”),状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
21、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
22、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,倒装句: 吾谁与归(宾语前置,应为“吾与谁归”) 省略句: 属予作文以记之(省略了主语“滕子
23、京”),有感情地朗读课文,说说课文可以分为几个部分?每部分分别写了什么?,第一部分(1),第二部分(2-4),第三部分(5),写重修岳阳楼的背景及写作缘由。,写迁客骚人览物而生的两种感情。,抒写宽广胸怀和政治抱负。,1.第1段交代了重修岳阳楼的背景,这背景是什么?说明了什么?,“政通人和,百废具兴”,说明滕子京在谪守的逆境中,仍不以己悲,把政事治理得井井有条。由此可见作者欣赏他的旷达胸襟,与一般的“迁客”不同。,背景,【第一部分(1)】,2.“滕子京谪守巴陵郡”中的“谪”字有何妙处?,“谪”字不仅交代了滕子京的身份,而且暗含作者对仕途沉浮的悲慨,为后文抒情张本。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
24、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
25、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.第1段反映了作者怎样的政治
26、态度?,范仲淹一方面对好友的政绩表示赞赏,一方面对“重修岳阳楼”的盛举表示支持。这反映了作者一种积极的政治态度,即使受到不公正的对待,也要奋发有为而不是消沉下去。,1.体会“衔远山,吞长江”中的“衔”和“吞”的妙处。,【第二部分(2-4)】,用拟人手法,把洞庭湖这一无生命之物写得极具生命感,写出了山在湖中、湖蓄江水的壮阔景象,活灵活现地表现了“远山”“长江”跟洞庭湖的关系,突出了洞庭湖的气势。如果用“连”“接”来替换,只是客观地说明三者的相对位置,画面是静止的,效果没有这样好。,2.从岳阳楼上看到的雄伟景象有哪些?,气势非凡: 宽阔无边: 湖光山色:,3.“览物之情,得无异乎”一句在结构上的作
27、用是什么?其中的“异”又指的是什么内容?,承上启下,引出下文的写景抒情。“异”指自然景物引发的“迁客骚人”的不同感触,即“悲”与“喜”的两种不同心境。这里由单纯写景转到了以情景交融的笔法来写“览物之情”。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
28、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
29、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,4.第3段画面描写渲染了一种什么样的气氛,为什么会有这样的心情?第4段呢?有何作用?,第3段,第4段,极力渲染“悲”的气氛,因物而悲。,极力渲染“喜”的气氛,因物而喜。,一悲一喜,一暗一明,形成鲜明对比,表现作者所反对的以个人荣辱为转移的悲喜观。,5.品读2-4段,说说“迁客骚人”的两种“览物之情”是什么?他们为什么会有不同的心境?,(1)览物之情有两种:一是远离京城,怀念家乡,担心遭诽谤和
30、指责的悲伤;二是胸怀开阔,精神愉悦,荣辱偕忘的喜悦。本来就已经饱经人生忧患的“迁客骚人”触目伤怀,引发“感极而悲”之情。,(2)产生不同的心境的原因:他们是因外物的好坏和自己的得失而产生或喜或悲的感情。 (3)这样写是为了将这类人的悲喜之情与“古仁人之心”作对比,引出下文,由写景抒情自然转入议论,突出全文主旨。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
31、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
32、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.作者以“嗟夫”提起下文,笔锋突转,提出了一个“古仁人之心”来,这样写有什么作用?作者认为“古仁人”和“迁客骚人”的思想感情不同在哪里?,【第三部分(5)】,第5段对前两段所写的两种“览物之情”一概加以否定,表现了一种更高的思想境界,点明了文章的主旨。“迁客骚人”的思想感情往往因个人
33、遭遇或外物的触发而发生变化;“古仁人”则“不以物喜,不以己悲”。,2.既然“古仁人”的悲喜感情跟外物没有关系,跟个人遭遇也没有关系,那么跟什么有关系呢?,“古仁人”的悲喜感情与个人进退、外物好坏是完全没有关系的,唯一能够影响他们悲喜感情的是民生疾苦、国家兴亡。,3.“微斯人,吾谁与归”流露了作者什么样的感情?,首先作者表达了对滕子京的劝勉之意,希望他也能像古仁人一样“不以物喜,不以己悲”,其次也含蓄地表达了自己“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”的济世情怀和政治抱负。,1.怎样理解“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”这句话?,范仲淹两岁丧父,生活贫苦,却少有大志,刻苦读书。常自诵曰:“士当先天下之
34、忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”。“先忧后乐”的思想,究其渊源,即儒家的仁爱思想。孟子曾说:“乐以天下,忧以天下,然而不王者,未之有也。”,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
35、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
36、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,范仲淹把“乐以天下,忧以天下”的思想进一步发展为“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”,也就是要超越个人忧乐,以天下为己任,以利民为宗旨,补救时弊,积极进取。范仲淹在其从政生涯中,始终践行了这一信念。,2.本文叙事、写景、议论、抒情相结合的写法有什么作用?,本文内容充实,情感丰富,将叙事、写景、议论、抒情自然结合起来,既有对事情本末的年代,又有对湖光水色的描写;既有精警深刻的议论,又有悲伤惆怅的抒情。记楼,记事,更寄托自己的心志。,作者善于以简驭繁,巧妙地转换内容和写
37、法。如以“前人之述备矣”一语带过无数叙述,以“然则”一语引出“览物之情”,以“或异二者之为”展开议论话题等,千回百转,层层推进。,本文通过对岳阳楼周围景物的描写,以及对迁客骚人登楼后产生的不同情感的分析,表达了作者“不以物喜,不以己悲”的旷达 胸襟和“先天下之忧而忧, 后天下之乐而乐”的政治抱 负,借以劝勉滕子京。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
38、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
39、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,岳阳楼记,叙事: 写景: 抒情: 议论:,重修岳阳楼 作文以记,不以物喜 不以己悲,暗 明,悲 喜,先天下之忧而忧 后天下之乐而乐,宁鸣而死,不默而生 范仲淹自幼多病,后又患了肺病,不久,妻子李氏也病死在饶州。在附近做县令的诗友梅尧臣,寄了一首灵乌赋给他,并告诉他说,他在朝中屡次直言,都被当作乌鸦不祥的叫声,昔日愿他拴紧舌头,锁住嘴巴,除了吃喝之外,只管翱翔高飞。范仲淹立即回答了一首灵乌赋,禀复说,不管人们怎样厌恶乌鸦的哑哑之声,他却宁鸣而死,不默而生。,1.背诵课文,说说你的感悟。 2.请同学们思考问题:在当今时代,“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”这一思想观点有着怎样的借鉴和教育意义?,