1、新人教版新人教版高中英语高中英语必修一必修一 Unit4 语法语法 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 I关系代词关系代词 一、一、定语从句的基本概念定语从句的基本概念 1. 定语从句的定义： 在复合句中修饰或限定主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句， 它所修饰的名词或 代词叫做先行词（即被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词） 。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。 但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。 限制性定语从句与先行词之间关系非常 密切，从句说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不 完整。定语从句由关系词引导，关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。 2. 关系词的作用：
2、1）连接主句和从句；2）指代先行词；3）在从句中充当句子成分。 3. 关系代词的分类： 关系代词： that, which, who, whom, whose； 关系副词：when, where, why 另外，as 也可充当关系代词。 二、二、关系代词的基本用法：关系代词的基本用法： 关系代词用于替代指人或物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 1. who 指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语或宾语。 He is the man who I saw yesterday. Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 2. whom 指人，在定语
3、从句中只作宾语，可省略，也可用 who 代替。若 whom 前面有介词， 则不能用 who 代替，也不可省略。 Rose is the person (whom/which) you should look after. When I have trouble, he is the only one to whom I can go for help. 3. whose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Pass me the book whose cover is green
4、. I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the book whose cover is red. 4. which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时一般可省略。 China is a country which has a long history. The package (which) you are carrying is about to fall. 5. that 既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时一般可省略。指 人时一般可用 who 代替，指物时一般可用 which 替代。 Th
5、e number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. The chair (that./which) you broke yesterday is now being repaired. 总结如下表： 关系词先行词从句成分例句备注 关系 代词 who人主语，宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? Whom, which 和 that在从句中做宾语 时，常可以省略，但 介词提前时后面关 系代词不能省略， 也 不可以
6、用 that whom人宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose人，物定语 Ilikethosebookswhose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that人，物主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to s
7、ee very much. which物主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as人，物主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as 作宾语一般不省 略 三、三、关系代词的选择关系代词的选择 1、宜用宜用 that 不用不用 which 的情况：的情况： (1) 当先行词是
8、 all, much, anything, something, everything, nothing, little, none 等不定代词时。 She told me everything that she knew. (2) 当先行词被 all, no, few, any, little, some, much, last, only, very 等修饰时。 Ive read all the books that were borrowed from others. Mr.Smith is the only foreigner that she knows. (3) 当先行词为序数词或
9、被序数词修饰，或先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most exciting football game that I have ever seen. The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. (4) 当先行词既有人又有物时。 I can remember well the person and some pictures that I saw in the room. The foreign visitors spoke highly of the young
10、pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace. (5) 当先行词在主句中做表语，且关系代词本身在定语从句中也做表语时。此时句子一般带 有类比含义。 He is no longer the star that he was. Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 2、宜用宜用 which 不用不用 that 的情况：的情况： (1) 引导非限制性定语从句时。 The bookstore provides us with all the
11、 books we need, which makes us moved. (2) 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。 Im looking for a container in which I can put all these peaches. (3) 在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前一个的关系代词是 that, 那么后一 个的关系代词宜用 which. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed form the library which was newly opened. 3. 宜用宜用 who 不用不用 tha
12、t 的情况的情况 (1) 先行词是指人的不定代词时，如 one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none 等，或先 行词为 those 或被 those 修饰且指人时。 The students you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies well. Those who want to go please put up your hands. Anyone who puts much attention to what he pursues will have a brig
13、ht future. (2) 一个句子中含有两个定语从句， 且先行词都为人时， 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个一般用 who. The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区别总结如下表总结如下表： 情况用法说明例句 只用 that 的情 况 1.先 行 词 为 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much 等不定代词时 2.先行词被 all, any, every,
14、each, much, little, no, some, few 等修饰时 3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修 饰时 4.先行词既指人又指物时 5.先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时 6.句中已经有 who 或 which 时，为了 避免重复时 1.He told me everything that he knows. 2.All the books that you offered have been given out. 3.This is the best film that I have ever read. 4.We talked about the pers
15、ons andthingsthatwe remembered. 5.He is the only man that I want to see. 6.Who is the man that is making a speech? 只 用which, who, whom 的 情况 1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用 which 代指物，用 who/whom 指人 2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从 句中，只能用 which 指物，whom 指 人 3.先行词本身是 that 时，关系词用 which，先行词为 those, one, he 时多 用 who 1.He has a son, wh
16、o has gone abroad for further study. 2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. 3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others. 四四 定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致 一般情况下， 关系代词在从句中作主语时， 定语从句谓语动词的人称和数一般与先行词 的人称和数保持一致。 The books that were sold out in two weeks were all written by Tom. Im fond
17、of the piece of music which was played by Jenny. 特别提醒：介词前提的问题 关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。 例如： Have you seen the pen？（which 作介词 with 的宾语） Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now? 但是，要注意的是： 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用 whom 和 which，而不再用 that 或 who。 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前
18、提，如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 例 如： 错误：Who is the old man to that you were talking to? 正确：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to? 错误：These are the sheep of which the boy took care. 正确：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy too
19、k care of. 练习：练习： 一、请找出下列复合句中的主句、定语从句、先行词及关系代词，并翻译成中文。 1. The lesson that he taught were not easily forgotten. 2. Aplane is a machine that can fly. 3. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 4. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 5. Abook that he bought is
20、very interesting. 6. Eleven kilometers directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing. 7. The person whom they wanted to visit is a student. 8. The number of people who were killed or
21、 badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. 9. Yesterday we went to the school that you visited last week. 10. This is the dictionary which you mentioned yesterday. 11. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 12. The film which we saw last night was wonderful. 13.
22、 The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 14. I know a lady whose husband is a writer. 15. Soon after the quake, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 请思考上述各句子中的关系代词指代什么？在从句中充当什么成分？ 二、单句
23、句法知识填空。 1. The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum. 2. The film _ you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomorrow. 3. I know the person _ house was destroyed in the earthquake. 4. Those _ want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 pm. 5. It is the
24、tallest building _ Daming has seen ever since he came here. 6. There is no success without hard work; success is something _ is only earned after much labor. 7. According to the new plan, students can choose the teacher _ class they wish to take. 8. Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set a
25、t the beginning of the year. 9. She is the teacher from _ I have borrowed this dictionary. 10. I have seen most of the greatest buildings in the world _ are famous on the Internet. 11.This novel is popular with those _ were born in the 1980s. 12. Do you know everybody _ came to the party? No. I dont
26、 know the one _ you had a long talk with. 三、用定语从句合并句子。 1. Do you know the man?The man spoke to the headmaster just now. Do you know the man _ 2. The woman is my mother.You are looking after her. The woman _ is my mother. 3. My grandparents live in a house.The house is more than 100 years old. My gra
27、ndparents live in a house _ 4. Last week Mary wore the dress.I gave it to her. Last week Mary wore the dress _ 5. The girl is fromAmerica.Her father is a teacher. The girl _is fromAmerica. 6. The room is mine.Its windows face north. The room _ is mine. 五单项选择 1. The place _interested me most was the
28、Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _? A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC. I spoke toD. that I spoke 3. This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4. Do you know the year _the Chinese C
29、ommunist Party was founded? A. whichB. thatC. whenD. on which 5. That is the day _Ill never forget. A. whichB. on whichC. in whichD. when 6. The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. whereB. to whichC. whichD. in which 7. Great changes have taken place in the factory _we are working
30、 since then. A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there 8. This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shown C. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked 9. Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talkedB. which you talked C. about that you talkedD.
31、that you talked 10. The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with whichB. in whichC. on whichD. by which 11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whomB. whoC. whichD. that 12. The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whomB. on whomC. with whichD. with whom 13. Is
32、 there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. whoB. whosC. whichD. whose 14. Im interested in _you have said. A. all thatB.all whatC. thatD. which 15. I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. whichB. whoC. whatD. as 16. He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. whoB. whomC.
33、thatD. as 17. He is good at English, _we all know. A. thatB. asC. whomD. what 18. Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went withB. with whom I went C. with who I wentD.I went with him 19. I dont like _ as you read. A. the novelsB. the such novelsC. such novelsD. same novels 20. He tal
34、ked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what 21. The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who 22. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. themB. whichC. whomD. who 23. Youre the onl
35、y person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/B./; whomC. whom;/D./; who 24. I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose titleB. its titleC. the title of itD. the title of that 25. Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A.for whichB.for thatC.in whichD what 26. I ha
36、ve bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. thatB. whichC. asD. it 27. I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A.when; whichB.which; whenC.what; thatD.on which; when 28. The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. whichB. whoseC. whatD./ 29. This is the
37、reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in whichB. with whichC. thatD. for which 30. This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A.after which I have lookedB. which I have looked after C. that I have looked afterD. I have looked after 31. The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A.
38、 why; thatB. that; whyC. for that; hatD. for which; what 32. He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.thatB.whichC.for whichD.who 33. That is not the way _I do it. A./B.whichC.for whichD.with which 34. I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of whichB. either of whichC. both
39、of thatD. both of which 35. I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few A.as wasB. which wasC.as wereD. which 36. My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. whoB. whichC. thatD. it 37. This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. thatB. whic
40、hC. from thatD. from which 38. He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. thatB. whichC. whoD. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. /B. whyC. whenD. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. thatB. whichC. itD. though 41. - Did you ask the guard
41、 _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A.what; thatB. what; whatC. which; whichD. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A.when; whoB.that; whichC. which; thatD. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _increasing. A.owns; areB. owns; isC. own; isD. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A.followedB.followingC.to followD.that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. thatB. /C. whichD. it
