1、高中英语时态与语态讲解及提升练习高中英语时态与语态讲解及提升练习 1、一般现在时、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有 often, always, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一考点一： 表示永恒的真理， 即使出现在过去的语境中， 仍用一般现
2、在时。 如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：考点三：在 make sure (cert
3、ain), see to it, mind, care, matter 宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时 代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四考点四：在 the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常 用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、现在进行时、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进
4、行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如 always，constantly，continually，again 等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋 怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is s
5、till sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have l
6、earned English for ten years. 考点二考点二： 常见的不确定的时间状语： lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days； over the past few years; during the last three months; f
7、or the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等 考点四： 表示“第几次做某事， ”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that” 后 面跟现在完成时。 This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written. 4一般过去
8、时一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只 说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意： 考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to 为不定式，后接动词 原形。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to
9、getting up early. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 过去进行时过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help. What were you doi
10、ng at nine last night? The radio was being repaired when you called me. 6. 过去完成时过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有 明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the end of last term we had finished the book. They finished ea
11、rlier than we had expected. 考点一：用于 hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一 般过去时。 I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装） 考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成
12、时。 That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. It was 3 years since we had parted。 考点三：动词 hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实 现的愿望、打算和意图。 I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to see you but I was too busy. 7. 一般将来时一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。
13、常和 tomorrow, next year, in 2008 等表示将来的时 间状语连用，其表现形式多达 5 种。Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008. 考点一： 一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中： We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes. （主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。） 考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如 arrive, come, go, leave, start 等，用现在进行时形式表 示将来。 I am
14、leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 考点三： “祈使句 + and/or + 句子”， 这种结构中 and 后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。 Use your head and you will find a way. 考点四：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。 “am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。 “am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。They are to be married in this May.
15、 8、将来进行时、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport. 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。 考点一：常用的时间状语一般用 by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year
16、 以及由 by the time, before 或 when 等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. By the time you reach the station, the train will have left. By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。 The children will do their homework the mom
17、ent they have arrived back from school. 10. 动词的语态动词的语态 一般用于强调受者， 做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是 和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。 考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组 come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed It took place before
18、 liberation. 考点二：考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与 well, quite, easily, badly 等副词连用。 lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 写 )； Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。 The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。 The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 考点三：考
19、点三：一些常用经典被动句型： It is said, It is reported, It is widely believed， It is expected, It is estimated, 这些句子一般翻译为“据说”，“人们认为”， 而 “以前人们认为” 则应该说：It was believed, It was thought 提升练习提升练习 一、单项选择一、单项选择 1How to protect children from unsuitable material on some websites while encouraging them to use the Internet
20、 _ in many areas of the world. Ahave long been discussedBhas long been discussed Cwere long been discussedDwas long been discussed 2There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_road conditions need_. Athat；to be improvedBwhich；to be improved Cwhere；improvingDwhen；improving 3Ever
21、y year a flood of farmers arrive in the new area of the metropolis for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns. ApromisedBwere promisedChave promisedDhave been promised 4Daimlers Chief Executive said the German carmaker _ production locations in the next decade to capture shifts
22、in demand as global trade tensions continued to rise. Ahad adjustedBwould adjust Cwill be adjustingDwere adjusting 5By hiring regional musicians to play in common areas such as lobbies and waiting rooms, the Cen Stage Arts in Health program _ an environment of music all over campus for the past five
23、 years. Ais creatingBwas about to create Chas been creatingDwill be creating 6How much do you know about Nolansnew film to be released next month? Well. the Movie Channel _ it in a variety of forms. AcoversBcoveredChas coveredDwill cover 7The publication of Great Expectations, which _ both widely re
24、viewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickenss status as a leading novelist. Ahave beenBwereCwasDwill be 8Ning Zetao, the first Chinas male swimmer _ the mens 100 meters freestyle title in FINAWorld Championships, _ to iconic stardom overnight and becomes an internet sensation. . Ato winhas been s
25、hotBwinningshooting Chaving wonis shootingDto winare to be shot 9When and where to go for the holiday _ yet. Aare not decidedBhave not been decided Cis not decidedDhas not been decided 10After I settled in, a man approached me and insisted that I _ in his seat. I ignored him and told him to go away.
26、 AwasBwereCbeDwould be 11Time flies like an arrow, and time lost. Anever has returned Bnever returnedCnever returnsDis never returning 12If the factorythe river, there will be no fish in it soon. Aleft pollutingBleaving pollutingCis left pollutingDleaves to pollute 13The Greek philosopher Socrates s
27、aid,The unexamined life is not worth _.And _ a man, we must judge him in misfortune. AlivingTo really understandBto liveReally understanding Cto be ledTo really understandDlivingReally understanding 14By the time Ron _ back to our rescue, most of us will have been washed away by the flood. We must t
28、ake a quick measure to leave here as soon as possible. AcomeBcomesCcameDwill come 15Has your father finished writing his report yet? I dont know, but he _ it this morning. Awrote Bhas written Chad written Dwas writing 16-Was the driving pleasant when you vacationed in Japan last summer? -No, it _ fo
29、r many days when we arrived,so the roads were very muddy. Awas raining Bhad been raining Cwould be raining Dhas been raining 17Mr. Smith arrived at the office every morning at precisely ten oclock, _ his bat on a peg near the door and went his way to his desk. AhangingBhanged ChungDand hanged 18Afte
30、r getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _ four days later. ArescuedBwas rescuedChas rescuedDhad been rescued 19The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he_. Ahas startedBstartsCstartedDwill start 20 In many peoples opinion, that company, though rela
31、tively small, is pleasant _. Ato deal withBdealing with Cto be dealt withDdealt with 21Did you predict that many students _ up for the dance competition? Awould signBsignedChave signedDhad signed 22Since arriving in space, the WISE telescope_ the Earth, held by gravity in a polar orbit（this means it
32、 crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap（一圈）. Ahas circledBhad been circlingChad circledDhas been circling 23Ceres remains the largest known asteroids（小行星）in the sky. It means almost 600 miles in diameter. By the end of the nineteenth century, several hundred other asteroids_. Awere
33、 identifiedBhad identified Chave been identifiedDhad been identified 24Technology giants are fighting for their future as consumers switch their loyalties from personal computers to mobile devices. By 2025, 5 billion people_ to be carrying around the tiny computers in their pockets. Aare expectedBwi
34、ll be expected Chave been expectedDwill have been expected 25Patients medical notes went missing two days ago and nobody _ them since Ahas seenBhad seenCsawDwould see 26You, who _ always ready to offer him your assistance at any critical moment, are a true friend indeed. AisBareCwasDwere 27In many c
35、ommercials, smart homes are the future that we_: every bit of entertainment and home control at our fingertips regardless of _ we are. Ahave promised；whoBare promised；where Chave promised；whenDare promised；how 28If the population of the Earth goes on increasing at its present rate, by the middle of
36、the 21st century, we _ all the oil that drives our cars. Awill use upBwill have been using up Cwill have used upDhave used up 29The opinions on the newly-released film _ from person to person, which means the film has _reviews from the audience. Avary; mixedBvary; moderate Care varied; variedDare va
37、ried; various 30The healthy lifestyle he had long got used to _ due to a lack of certain nutrients in his diet. Awas ruinedBbeing ruinedCruinedDbe ruined 31The crime _ looked into carefully before he _ charged with murder. A/; /B/; wasCwas; /Dwas; was 32No sooner _ up the catwalk than the spotlight
38、shone down on her. Adid the model startBthe model had started Chad the model startedDthe model started 33Fears haunted him those days _ he _ down by the scandal. Athat; draggedBthat; would be dragged Cwhich; had been draggedDwhen; would drag 34-Time flew before we knew it! It is already 12 oclock. O
39、h, really? I _it at all. Ahavent realizedBdidnt realize Chadnt realizedDdont realize 35-When is Jack going to finish writing that essay? I dont know. He _ day in and day out Ahas been workingBhas worked Chad been workingDwas working 36According to an investigation of the Chinese Center for Disease C
40、ontrol and Prevention, the living virus on the outer packaging of imported frozen cod in Qingdao _ for the recent infections. Awould be blamedBwas to blameCwas blamedDhad blamed 37The country _ its borders when a wave of refugees _ in, which put a severe strain on its social welfare system. Ascarcel
41、y opened; floodedBhad scarcely opened; had flooded Cscarcely opened; had floodedDhad scarcely opened; flooded 38When the boss complained about the slow progress of the project, she _ to you personally, but to the Department as a whole. Ahasnt referredBwasnt referringChadnt referredDwouldnt refer 39I
42、 was sent to the work site last month to see how the development plan _ in the past two years. Ahad been carried outBwould be carried out Cis being carried outDhave been carried out 40Harry _ Florence by plane which _ at 8: 30 next morning. Ais leaving for; will leaveBis leaving for; leaves Cwill le
43、ave for: will leaveDleaves for: leaves 41 The old man isnt really employed at the supermarket. He _ out voluntarily until the new young assistant arrives. Awill just helpBhas just helped Cis just helpingDhad just helped 42Sitting over there was the student who they thought _ to speak at the opening
44、ceremony. AselectedBselectingCwas selectedDselects 43He _ football for many years when he was young. Awas playedBplayedChas playedDhad played 44The producers of the talk show denied that the joke was too offensive, insisting that they merely _ add a slight touch of humor. Ahave meant toBhad meant to
45、Cwere meant toDmean to 45By next year, dry waste burning and wet waste treatment rates in Shanghai _ to reach 27,800 tons a day, around 80% of the citys total garbage. Aare expectedBwill have been expected Chave expectedDare expecting 46 Hes been informed that he _ for the scholarship because of his
46、 academic background. Ahasnt qualifiedBhadnt qualifiedCdoesnt qualifyDwasnt qualifying 47See the clouds! It _ rain! AwillBis going toCmustDwould 48Dont take the magazine away. It _ me. Ais belonged toBbelongs toCwas belonged toDis belonging to 49We would like to go and thank him ourselves, but we _
47、out his address yet. Ahavent foundBhadnt foundCdidnt findDdont find 50Acollege freshman complained on her Weibo post that her mother_to give her only 2000 yuan each month for living expenses when she asked for 4.500 yuan, which sparked off massive online debate. Ahad agreedBwould agreeCagreedDwas ag
48、reeing 二、用单词的适当形式完成句子二、用单词的适当形式完成句子 1.So far, much _ (do) to meet the reasonable demands of patients for health care and improve the overall development of hospitals. 2.To our surprise, the concert prepared by the students turned out more successful than we _ (think). 3.The year 2020 _(witness) a se
49、ries of remarkable moves in Chinahistory,including a 10-year fishing ban along the Yangtze River,a total ban on importing solid waste,and the conclusion of a three-year action plan on fighting against air pollution. 4.Microsoft _(hardly , finish) announcing that its chief executive was stepping down
50、 when the company pulled his references off its website and put up the biography of its incoming chief executive. 5.It is the first time the technique _ (use) to document how the brain processes grammar and produces words. 6.Do you know why glasses of this kind made in this factory _(wear) so comfor
