1、Unit4 History and traditions 单元考点解析单元考点解析 【核心词汇短语】【核心词汇短语】 1 His hometown doesnt allow_other_buildings_to_be more noticeable than the historic buildings. (教材 P38) 他的家乡不允许其他建筑比这座历史建筑更引人注目。 归纳 拓展 (1)allow . to do . 允许做 (2)allow for sb./sth. 考虑到;估计到;把计算在内 (3)allow of sth. 容许;使有可能 You never allow person
2、al problems to affect your performance. 绝不要让个人问题影响你的表现。 The children are not_allowed_to_watch violent TV programmes. 儿童不准收看含暴力内容的电视节目。 How much must we allow_for the shrink? 要留多少缩水长度? The facts allow_of only one explanation. 这些事实只可能有一种解释。 2announce vt. 宣布;通知;声称(教材 P42) 归纳 拓展 (1)announce sth.to sb. a
3、nnounce to sb. sth. 向某人宣 布/通知某事 announce (to sb.) that . (向某人)宣布;通知(某人) It is announced that . 据宣布(that 引导主语从句) (2)announcement n. (一项)公告,布告,通告;(指行动) 宣布,宣告 make an announcement 发布通告 The teacher announced_to_us_the_experiment_result at the beginning of the first class. 第一节课开始的时候,老师就向我们宣布了实验结果。 We are
4、 pleased to announce_that all five candidates were successful. 我们高兴地宣布,五位候选人全都当选了。 It_is_announced_that the sports meet will be held next Tuesday. 据宣布,运动会将在下周二举行。 I will make_an_announcement to remind them that they should check their belongings. 我会发布通告提醒他们检查他们的携带物品。 名师点津announce 后不能跟双宾语,即不能用 announ
5、ce sb. sth.,而要用 announce sth. to sb.。后面不能接双宾语的动词还有 suggest, explain, report, express 等。 3 approach n. 方法;途径;接近vt. 接近;接洽;着手 处理vi. 靠近(教材 P42) 归纳 拓展 (1)be approaching 临近,靠近 with sth. approaching 在临近的时候 (2)(an) approach to 接近;近似;(做某事)的方法/途径 at the approach of 在快到的时候 Absorbed in painting, John didnt noti
6、ce evening approaching. 由于专心绘画,约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 The best approach_to building up your body is to do exercise every day. 增强体质的最佳方法就是每天做运动。 With_the_Spring_Festival_approaching,_the experts suggestion that tickets be booked online is of vital practice. 随着春节的临近,专家们网上订票的建议具有重要的实践意义。 Many birds fly south a
7、t_the_approach_of winter. 冬天来临之际,许多鸟都向南飞。 4belong vi. 应在(某处);适应(教材 P40) 归纳 拓展 (1)belong to “属于”,不能用于进行时态和被动语态。 belong to a club/group/organization 是俱乐部/团体/组织的 成员 (2)belongings n. 财产,所有物 The students feel that they belong_to a particular group. 学生们感觉他们属于某一特定群体。 (2017全国卷)Papercutting has a history of
8、over 1,500 years, which belongs_to traditional art in China. 剪纸有 1,500 多年的历史,属于中国传统艺术。 She packed a few of her belongings in a bag and left. 她把她的几件东西装进包里便离开了。 5break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离;背叛;逃脱(教材 P40) 归纳 拓展 break down (机器等)出故障,损坏;分解;崩溃;情绪失 控 break in 闯入,破门而入;打断,插嘴 break into 破门而入;闯入 break off 折断;
9、中断 break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生;爆发 break up 分解;打碎;破裂,分手 The robber broke_away_from the prison. 抢劫犯从监狱逃脱了。 He broke_off in the middle of a sentence. 他一句话说了一半就不说了。 6 charge n. 收费;指控;主管vt. 收费;控告;充电(教 材 P42) 归纳 拓展 (1)take charge of 接管/负责 in charge of 负责/主管 in the charge of 受的管理 free of charge 免费 (2)charge sb.
10、 (sth.) for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事 Soon he will take_charge_of the department. 他很快会来接管这个部门。 There is a heated discussion on whether museums should charge_for admission or not. 人们就博物馆是否应该收入场费有激烈的争论。 The man who had taken_charge_of the company was_charged_with taking dr
11、ugs. 这个公司的负责人被指控吸毒。 7 chief adj. 最重要的;最高级别的n. (公司或机构的)首 领;酋长(教材 P40) 归纳 拓展 chief engineer/judge 总工程师/审判长 Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官 Chief Financial Officer 首席财务官 Students are the chief parts of evaluation on teaching effect. 学生是教学效果评价的最重要的主体。 Chief Buthelezi was a brave Indian chief. 布特莱齐酋长是一位勇敢的
12、印第安酋长。 8Confucius n. 孔子(教材 P38) 归纳 拓展 Temple of Confucius 孔庙;夫子庙 Kong Family Mansion 孔府 Cemetery of Confucius 孔林 Confucius Institute 孔子学院(非营利性公益机构) Confucius culture 孔子文化 Confucius philosophy 孔子哲学 Confucius is considered the greatest of the ancient Chinese sages. 孔子被认为是古代中国最伟大的圣人。 The_Confucius_Temp
13、le is located 400 meters to the southwest of Yonghegong Station. 孔庙位于永和宫站西南 400 米处。 9 crowd n. 人群; 一群人; 民众vt. 挤满; 使拥挤(教 材 P46) 归纳 拓展 (1)a crowd of/crowds of 成群的;一群 the crowd 群众;老百姓;凡夫俗子 (2)crowd around/round. 聚集在周围;聚拢 crowd . into/onto . 把装满(或塞满) crowd into/onto. 大批涌入(狭小的空间) There were crowds_of peo
14、ple waiting to get in. 有成群的人在等着进去。 He prefers to be one of the_crowd. 他宁愿做个凡夫俗子。 We all crowded_around the stove to keep warm. 我们都挤在炉边取暖。 Guests were_crowded_into the few remaining rooms. 客人们被塞进了剩下的几个房间。 10defence n. 防御;保卫(教材 P40) 归纳 拓展 (1)defence against sth. 防御物;防务;防御能力 in defence of 保护;为辩护 (2)def
15、end v. 防御;保护;保卫 defend . against/from . 保护免受伤害 The immune system is our main defence_against disease. 免疫系统是我们抵御疾病的主要屏障。 Mr Green stood up in_defence_of the little boy. 格林先生站起来为这个小男孩辩护。 Our forefathers built this wall to defend_themselves_from invasion. 我们的祖先修筑这道城墙是为了保护他们不受侵略。 11eager adj. 热切的;渴望的(教材
16、 P43) 归纳 拓展 (1)be eager for . 急于得到 be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 be eager for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事 be eager that . 热切希望(从句的谓语动词用“should 动词原形”,should 可以省略) (2)eagerly adv. 热切地 (3)eagerness n. 渴望;热切 with eagerness 热切地 Those fans are_eager_for a glimpse of the famous film star. 那些粉丝们渴望看那位著名影星一眼。 Many stu
17、dents are_eager_to_find a good way to have their written English improved in a short period. 许多学生渴望找到一个能在短期内提高英语写作水平的好方法。 Tom was_eager_for_you_to_come to the party. 汤姆殷切期盼你来参加晚会。 These children are_eager_that their parents come home earlier. 这些孩子很希望他们的父母能早点回家。 We eagerly look forward to working wit
18、h you. 我们热切地盼望与您合作。 12evidence n. 证据;证明(教材 P40) 归纳 拓展 (1)There is some evidence that . 有证据证明 (2)evident adj. 明显的 It is evident that . 很明显 (3)evidently adv. 明显地,显然 There_is_a_lot_of_evidence_that stress is partly responsible for disease. 有很多证据证明压力是致病的部分原因。 It_was_evident_that she had once been a beau
19、ty. 很明显她曾是个美人。 Evidently,_he has not made up his mind yet. 显然他还没有拿定主意。 13fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的(教材 P41) 归纳 拓展 (1)fascinate v. 深深吸引;迷住 (2)fascinated adj. 入迷的;极感兴趣的 Madagascar is the most fascinating place I have ever been to. 马达加斯加是我去过的最迷人的地方。 It was a question that had_fascinated him since he w
20、as a boy. 这是他自幼就着迷的问题。 Im fascinated by the beauty of Lijiang and Dali. 我被丽江和大理的美景迷住了。 14generous adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的(教材 P42) 归纳 拓展 (1)be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨/大方 be generous with sth. 在上面很慷慨/大方 It is generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是宽宏大量/ 真大方。 (2)generosity n. 慷慨;大方;宽宏大量 (3)generously adv. 慷慨地;大方地 Th
21、e old woman was_always_generous_to the poor boy. 那位老太太对这个可怜的男孩一直很大方。 He was_generous_with his time, for which I was grateful. 他那么慷慨花费自己的时间,对此我很感激。 I shall never forget the generosity shown by Chinese people. 我永远也不会忘记中国人的慷慨大方。 15greet vt. 问候;迎接(教材 P44) 归纳 拓展 (1)greet sb. with 以迎接/接待某人 be greeted with
22、/by 受到的对待/接待 (2)greeting n. 问候;招呼;迎接;致意 (2019全国卷)We were first greeted_with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact. 首先迎接我们的是一群狗的吠叫,确切地说是七只。 She greeted us with a smile. 她微笑着向我们打招呼。 As I approached, she gave me a nod of greeting. 我走近时,她对我点头致意。 16individual adj. 单独的;个别的n. 个人(教材 P39) 归纳 拓展 (1
23、)individual resume个人简介; 个人简历 individual account 个人账户 individual character 独特性;个性;个性人物 (2)individually adv. 单独地;个别地 Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 大多数人认为组建一支优秀的团队的最好方法是聚集一群最有才华的人。 The competition is open to both teams and
24、individuals. 团队和个人均可参加比赛。 You can open one individual_account. 你可以开一个个人账户。 Wed better go in a group, not individually. 我们最好集体去,不要单个儿去。 17keep your eyes open (for) 留心;留意(教材 P41) 归纳 拓展 keep 的常见短语 keep back 阻止;隐瞒;抑制 keep away (from) 避开,远离 keep . in mind 记住 keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系 keep off 不接近;远离
25、 keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 keep up 继续,使维持较高水平 keep up with 跟上;与保持联系 Keep_your_eyes_open_for a boy in a red cap and sweater. 你要留心注意一个戴红帽子,穿红运动衫的小男孩。 She shook her head and started to walk on. He kept_up_with her. 她摇了摇头开始往前走。他跟了上去。 The local police had warned visitors to keep_off the beach at night. 当地
26、警方告诫游客不要在夜间去海滩。 If you dont keep_away_from the dog, you may be bitten. 如果你不避开那只狗,你可能会被咬伤。 18legal adj. 法律的;合法的(教材 P40) 归纳 拓展 (1)legal action 法律行动 legal advice 法律咨询/建议 legal battle 官司;法律纠纷 legal defence 法律辩护 legal department 法务部 legal documents 法律文件 legal expert 法律专家 legal guardian 法定监护人 (2)illegalad
27、j. 不合法的;非法的;违法的 (3)legally adv. 合法地;法定地 Gambling is legal in some countries. 在某些国家里赌博是合法的。 Its illegal to drive through a red light. 开车闯红灯是违章行为。 The school is legally responsible for your childs safety. 学校对你的孩子负有法律上的安全责任。 19ocean n. 大海;海洋(教材 P44) 归纳 拓展 an ocean of . 众多;大量 a drop in the ocean 沧海一粟;九牛
28、一毛 The_Atlantic_Ocean separates America from Europe. 大西洋把美洲和欧洲分隔开来。 The ship was found after drifting on_the_ocean for six months. 那条船在海上漂流了 6 个月后被找到了。 What I am trying to do may be just a_drop_in_the_ocean. 我努力做的事情可能只是沧海一粟。 20surround vt. 围绕;包围(教材 P40) 归纳 拓展 (1)surround . with . 以包围 be surrounded b
29、y/with 被包围 (2)surrounding adj. 周围的 (3)surroundings n. 环境;周围的事物 The building was surrounded_with police. 那栋房子被警察包围了。 To some people, happiness is_being_surrounded_by/with family and friends. 对于有些人来说,幸福就是被家人和朋友包围着。 He likes to surround_himself_with amusing people. 他喜欢让自己的身边都是有趣的人。 Living in beautiful
30、and comfortable surroundings,_we feel very happy. 生活在优美舒适的环境里,我们感到很幸福。 【核心句型】【核心句型】 1as well as 同(一样也);和;还(教材 P40) 归纳 拓展 (1)Aas well as B 作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数随 A 的人 称和数的变化而变化。 (2)as well as 可以用来连接两个相同的成分,强调的重点 在前面,不在后面。 (3)may/might as well 最好;还是为好;不妨 Amy, as_well_as her brothers, was given a warm welcome
31、 when returning to the village last week. 艾米,还有她的哥哥们,上周回到村子的时候受到了热烈欢迎。 The weather is so bad that we might_as_well stay at home. 天气太糟了,我们最好待在家里。 2 As one of Confucius descendants,Xiao Kongs name is recorded in the family tree.(教材 P38) 作为孔子的后代之一,小孔的名字被记载在家谱上。 剖析本句中 as 为介词,意为“作为”。 归纳 拓展 as 作为连词引导从句的用法
32、: (1)引导时间状语从句,意为“当时,随着”。 (2)引导方式状语从句,意为“以方式”。 (3)引导原因状语从句,意为“由于”。 (4)引导比较状语从句, 多用于 as . as .或 not so/as . as .结构, 前一个 as 是副词, 后一个 as 是连词,它所引导的比较状语从句 多使用省略形式。 (5)引导让步状语从句,从句必须用倒装的形式,倒装时将表语 (单数可数名词作表语时要省略冠词)、状语、谓语动词提前。 另外:as 也可用作关系代词引导定语从句,意为“正如,如同”。 As youre not feeling well,you may stay at home. 由于你
33、身体不好,你可以留在家里。 As_time_went_by,_she became more and more worried. 随着时间的流逝,她越来越担心。 You must do everything as_I_do. 你必须照我做的样子去做所有事。 I dont speak English so/as_well_as he (does) 我讲英语没有他讲得那么好。 Child_as_he_was,_he knew what was the right thing to do. 尽管他是个孩子,他却知道什么是该做的事情。 As_was_expected,_he succeeded in
34、passing the exam. 正如所预料的那样,他成功通过了考试。 3 Finally, in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which_resulted_in_the_full_name_we_have_today:_the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (教材 P40) 最后,在 20 世纪,南爱尔兰脱离英国,因此才有了今天英国的名 字:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 剖析 句中 which resu
35、lted in the full name we have today 是 which 引导的 非限制性定语从句,which 意为“这一点;这件事”,非限制定语 从句中又含有一个省略了关系词 that 的限制性定语从句。 归纳 拓展 as/which 引导的非限制性定语从句 (1)as 与 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句, 有时可以互换, 先 行词可以是一个句子。as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活,可 以位于句首、句中、句末。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句常位 于句末。 (2)as 具有“正如,像”等含义,而 which 意为“这一点,这件事”。 Internet is so
36、interesting, which makes all possible happen. 因特网是如此有趣,它使任何事都有可能发生。 As we know, the teacher is from Beijing. 正如我们所知,这位教师来自北京。 4 They had_castles_built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. (教材 P41) 他们在英格兰到处建造城堡,并且更改了法律体系。 剖析 句中had castles built 为have sth.done结构, 宾语castles与build 之
37、间为被动关系,故用过去分词 built 作宾语补足语。 归纳 拓展 在此结构中,have 为使役动词,意为“使,让”,可表示三种含 义 (1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。 (2)(主语)完成某事(可能参与,也可能不参与)。 (3)(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况。 I had_that_door_painted last week. 上星期我请人给那扇门刷了油漆。 We must have_the_work_finished by Tuesday. 我们必须在星期二之前完成此项工作。 I had_my_leg_broken when I got off the bus. 下车时我的一条腿摔断了。 易
38、混辨析:have(使,让)构成的其他常见结构 have sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”。宾 语 sb.与 do 构成逻辑上的 主谓关系。相当于 let/make sb. do 或 get sb. to do sth.结构。 Joe had me find a car for him. 乔让我给他找辆车。 have sb.doing sth. 意为“让某人一直做某 事”,强调动作一直在持 续。宾语 sb.与 do 构成逻 辑上的主谓关系。 Im sorry to have you waiting here so long. 很抱歉让你在这儿等这么 久。 5Its beautiful
39、 countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses.(教材 P44) 美丽的乡村让所有人为之兴奋和鼓舞,刺激着每一种感官。 剖析 现在分词短语 offering something for each of the senses 在句中作 伴随状语。伴随状语的特点是:它所表达的动作或状态是伴随 着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。 归纳 拓展 现在分词短语作状语的用法: (1)作时间状语; (2)作原因状语; (3)作结果状语; (4)作条件状语; (5)作方式状语。 He sat in
40、 the armchair, reading_a_newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅上读报。 Hearing_the_news,_they all jumped with joy.(When they heard the news, they .) 听到这个消息时,他们都高兴得跳了起来。 Not_knowing_her_adress,_I cant write to her. 由于不知道她的地址,我没法给她写信。 Tom failed all his exams, making his parents very angry. 汤姆未能通过一门考试,这令他父母很生气。 Listening_to_
41、English every day, youll make progress step by step. 每天听英语,你会逐渐取得进步。 He supported his family driving_a_taxi. 他靠开出租供养家庭。 6 The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. (教材 P44) “绿宝石(爱尔
42、兰岛)”宁静秀美、郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏, 牛羊点缀其中,其风光堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 剖析 句中的 with its rolling .是“with宾语过去分词”的用法。 “with 宾语宾语补足语”,在句中通常作状语,表示伴随、方式、 原因或条件等。 归纳 拓展 with 复合结构: (1)with宾语名词/形容词/副词 (2)with宾语介词短语 (3)with宾语现在分词 (4)with宾语过去分词 (5)with宾语动词不定式 He died with_his_daughter_yet_a_schoolgirl. 他去世时,女儿还是一个学生。(名词作宾补) He often
43、 sleeps with_the_windows_open. 他经常开着窗户睡觉。(形容词作宾补) With_her_son_away_from_home,_she was worried. 她的儿子不在家,所以她很担心。(副词短语作宾补) The teacher came in with_a_book_in_his_hand. 老师手里拿着一本书走进来。(介词短语作宾补) The English class ended with_all_singing_an_English_song. 英语课以全体合唱一首英语歌结束。(现在分词短语作宾补) With_all_the_things_she_needed_bought,_she went home. 买了她需要的所有东西后,她回家了。(过去分词作宾补) I cant go out with_all_these_clothes_to_wash. 要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。(不定式作宾补)