1、1 阅读教材 P89课文，选择最佳答案 1What subjects did Albert Einstein like best in middle school? APolitics and geography. BPhysics and maths. CEnglish and art. DChemistry and history. 2When did Einstein publish four extraordinary physics papers? AIn 1902.BIn 1904. CIn 1905.DIn 1906. 3Why was Einstein awarded the
2、1921 Nobel Prize for Physics? ABecause of his explanation of the photoelectric effect. BBecause of his courageous and kind character. CBecause of his strong passion for knowledge. DBecause of his fulltime research at a university. 4What happened to Einstein in 1933? AHe came to power in Germany. BHe
3、 was forced to leave Germany. CHe moved to Europe for his degree. DHe refused to work as a researcher in the US. 答案14BCAB Words and Phrases 知识要点 1 circumstance nusually pl. 条件；环境；状况 ( 教 材 P5)There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control. 我们帮不了琳达什么忙。她的处境是我们无法控制的。 例
4、 1He was forced by circumstances to do this. 2 他做这件事是为形势所迫。 例 2There is one important circumstance you have not mentioned. 还有一个重要的条件你没提到。 知识拓展 in/under the circumstances在这种情况下 in/under no circumstances决不；无论如何都不(置于句首时， 句子要用部分倒装) 即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换 In/Under the circumstances, we must rely on ourselves. U
5、nder no circumstances should you lend him any money. You must leave your position under/in no circumstances. In/Under no circumstances must you leave your position 名师点津 以下短语均意为“决不；无论如何也不”，置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装 语序。 at no time, in no way, in no sense, on no account, on no condition 知识要点 2 construction n建造；建筑
6、；建筑物 (教材 P5)The building under construction was designed by I M.Pei a famous ChineseAmerican architect. 正在建造的大楼是由著名的美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭设计的。 例 1Construction of the new road has now been completed. 新公路的建造现已完工。 例 2This is a fine construction. 这是一个完美的建筑。 知识拓展 (1)(be)under construction正在建设中；在施工 (2)construct vt.建筑
7、；建造；创建；组成 be constructed of/out of/from sth. 由建成 (3)constructive adj.建设性的；有助益的；积极的 3 (4)constructor n.建筑者；建筑公司 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 The novel is constructed of/from a series of onthespot reports. The old house was constructed (construct)out of wood. Its dangerous to get close to the building under constr
8、uction. 一家新的工厂正在建造中。 Anew factory is under construction 小片段填空 Subways are under construction or to be constructed in many Chinese cities to deal with traffic jams. 中国许多城市正在考虑修建或已经在修建地铁以解决城市的交通拥挤问题。 知识要点 3 come to power(开始)掌权；上台 ( 教 材 P8)Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Ger
9、many. 1933 年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。 例 1Three years later, he came to power. 三年后，他上台掌权了。 例 2This party came to power at the last election. 这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政党的。 知识拓展 beyond/out of ones power力所不能及的 be in power执政 take power夺取政权 do all/everything in ones power to do sth. 竭尽所能做某事 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 Do you know wh
10、en he came to power? China is a country where the people are in power. Its beyond my power to understand how the computer works. 那个英明的人是何时执政的？ 4 When did that wise man come to power? 名师点津 come to power 表示动作，be in power 表示状态，所以 come to power 不能与 表示一段时间的状语连用，而 be in power 可以。 How long has he been in p
11、ower? 他执政多久了？ 知识要点 4 consequence n. 结果；后果 (教材 P8)As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. 结果，他不得不逃离德国。 例 1Nobody can tell what the consequences may be. 没有人能说出可能的后果。 例 2This could have serious consequences for the economy. 这可能会给经济带来严重的后果。 知识拓展 (1)in consequence/as a consequenceas a result 因此；结果 in c
12、onsequence of/as a consequence ofas a result of 由于原因 (2)consequent adj.随之发生的；由引起的 (3)consequently adv.所以；因而 即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换 She was a bright and eager student and, consequently (consequence), did well in school. The warming of the earth and the consequent (consequence)climatic changes affect us all.
13、 It rained yesterday and in consequence the match was cancelled.It rained yesterday and as a consequence the match was cancelled. The city was in ruins as a result of a severe earthquake. The city was in ruins in consequence of/as a consequence of a severe earthquake. 5 知识要点 5 take up a position 担任；
14、任职 (教材 P8)After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. 在欧洲待了一段时间后， 他最终在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院找到了一份 研究员的工作。 例 1I wont take up much of your time. 我不会占用你很多时间。 例 2Id like to take up your offer of a ride into town. 我愿接受你的邀请，搭你的
15、车进城。 知识拓展 take up拿起；接受；开始；继续； 占据(时间或空间) take away解除；消除 take down拿下；取下；记下 take in理解；欺骗；接纳 take off脱去；起飞；突然受欢迎 take on呈现；开始雇用 即学即练完成句子 他拿起电话听筒开始拨号码。 He took up the telephone receiver and began to dial. 如果你相信他， 你一定会受骗。 If you trust him, you will certainly be taken in 记者们迅速记下讲话的内容。 The reporters took do
16、wnthe content of the speech in shorthand. 我最近和一个朋友聊天，他在一家新成立的公司任职。 I talked with a friend recently who took up a position at a startup company. 图形助记图释 take off/up/down 6 知识要点 6 remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的 (教材 P9)Apart from his remarkable achievements, what does the passage tell us about Einsteins life? 除
17、了他卓越的成就，关于爱因斯坦的生活这篇文章还告诉了我们什么？ 例 1All kinds of remarkable things began to happen. 各种不寻常的事开始发生。 例 2These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines. 这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。 知识拓展 (1)be remarkable for以著称 (2)remark v.谈起；述说；议论；评论 n.评论；言语 make a remark/remarks on/about. 就发表意见；评论 make no remark不加评论；
18、什么也不说 remark on/upon就发表意见/评论 remark that.评论 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 I wouldnt like some of them to make a remark on my private affairs. Its rude to remark on/upon the appearance of others. The writer, Mo Yan, got remarkable(remark)achievements in writing. 评论家们指出该剧不是原创的。 Critics remarked that the play was no
19、t original. 她听到这坏消息时，表现出非凡的勇气。 She showed remarkable courage when she heard the bad news. 小片段填空 7 Most people make many remarks without saying anything remarkable 很多人话语连篇，可就是不值一分钱。 知识要点 7 sum vi. 总结；概括n金额；款项；总数；总和 (教材 P9)Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this pe
20、rson. 用你的笔记来写一个介绍，并总结你对这个人的看法。 例 1The expenses came to an enormous sum. 开支总数巨大。 例 2The sum will be increased by fifteen per cent. 金额将要增加 15%。 知识拓展 (1)do/work/make a sum/sums计算；做算术题 in sum大体上；一言以蔽之；总之 (2)sum up总结；概括；是的总和； 合计 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 In sum, the two countries are now true economic partners. Sh
21、e summed it up as “the most brilliant lecture Ive ever attended” 我很快地算出了需要花费的钱数。 I did a quick sum to work out how much it would cost. 他出一笔巨款买了这所房子。 He paid a large sum for the house. Sentence Patterns 重点句式 1 独立主格结构 (教材 P8)He made numerous contributions to the world，the most wellknown being the gene
22、ral theory of relativity. 他对世界做出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论 句式分析：句中 the most wellknown being the general theory of relativity 为 “名词现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。 例 1The question being settled, we went home. 8 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。 例 2We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 假设明天天气好，我们就进行比赛。 知识拓展 独立主格结构形式为： (1)名词/代词现在
23、分词(表示主动或正在进行) (2)名词/代词过去分词(表示被动或已完成) (3)名词/代词不定式(表示将要发生的动作) (4)名词/代词形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征 或所处的状态) 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 Time permitting(permit), well go to your house. Lots of homework to do(do), I have to stay at home all day. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。 More time given, we should have done the job muc
24、h better. 会议结束了，老师们一个个地走了出来。 The meeting over, the teachers went out one by one. 班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。 The monitor being ill, wed better put the meeting off. 重点句式 2 as though/if 引导方式状语从句 (教材 P8)He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an e
25、lectric shock. 他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。 句式分析：句中 as though “好像；似乎”，引导方式状语从句，相当于 as if 引导方式状语从句。 例The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. 空气似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的气体中剩下很少的氧气。 知识拓展 (1)as though/if 引导方式状语从句时，通常用虚拟语气，表示与事实不符或 9 相反的情况；如果与事实相符，则用陈述语气。 (2)as though/if还可用在be,
26、 look, seem, sound, taste, smell, feel等系动词后面， 引导表语从句。 (3)当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语又包含动词 be 时，从句主语和 谓语中的动词 be 通常可省去。 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 He shook his head as if (he was)to say (say)“Dont trust her” He did something wrong but looked as if nothing had happened (happen). 她对待这个孤儿就好像对待自己的亲儿子一样。 She treats the orphan
27、 as if/though he were her own son 他老爱说大话，就仿佛他是一位重要的人似的。 He likes to talk big as though he were an important person 直接信息题 直接信息题一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息， 往往只考查文章中的个别事 实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。也就是说，命题者设置的题目比较直接， 理解字面意思即可作答。 例文 This month millions of American kids can forget about classroom bells and set off for grandpa
28、rents homes, sleep away camps and lifeguard stands.But summer vacation hasnt always been a birthright of US.schoolchildren.Before the Civil War, schools operated on one of two calendars (日历), neither of which included a summer vacation. Rural （农村的） schooling was divided into summer and winter terms，
29、leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring plantingand fall harvest seasons. Urban students, meanwhile, regularly had as many as 48 weeks of study a year, with one break per quarter. What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow children to do? AEnjoy a summer vacatio
30、n. BTake a break each quarter. 10 CHave 48 weeks of study a year. DAssist their parents with farm work. 试题特点 1考查事件、地点、人物和物品的具体细节； 2问题一般比较直白； 3答案常是原文的一个词或一句话，但可能变换了说法； 4错误选项往往明显与原文内容不符。 解题思路 Step 1：确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字) Step 2：根据关键词定位信息句(中句) Step 3：尝试解答根据信息句可知，内战前的农村校历让孩子们在春天 播种和秋天收获时过假期，帮助父母干农活。故选 D。 针对性
31、练习 Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen.So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2yearold daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree.She lives at the National Zoo in WashingtonDC. And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses said she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much
32、of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on.And shes not the only one.In the moments before the quake, an orangutan (猩猩)let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter. “Its very different from their normal call， ” said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper. “The lemurs (monkey
33、like animals of Madagascar)will sound an alarm if they see or hear something highly unusual.” But you cant see or hear an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens, can you? Maybe you canif youre an animal. “Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing， ”said Brandie Smith.“Thats part of thei
34、r special abilities.Theyre more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive.” 1Why did Mandara act strangely one day? ABecause it sensed something unusual would happen. BBecause its daughter Kibibi was injured. 11 CBecause it heard an orangutan let out a loud call. DBecause an earthquake
35、 had happened. A 根 据 第 一 段 “Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen.”可知，一天 Mandara 表现得很奇怪因为它感觉有一些不同寻常的事情要 发生，故选 A。 2According to Brandie Smith, _ Amany animals hearing is sharp Bearthquakes produce two types of waves Cprimates usually gather together before a quake Dhumans can also develop the ability to sense a quake A根据第五段“Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing， said Brandie Smith.Thats part of their special abilities.Theyre more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive. ”可知，Brandie Smith 认为许多动物的听 觉很敏锐，故选 A。
