1、第四单元 阅读理解之细节理解做题方法 如何做细节理解题 细节理解题的设题类型: 1.一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合,一一对应,一目了然。此类型试题 属于浅层次的阅读试题,所占比例极小。 2.语言转述型。 这是一类间接事实细节理解题,答案与题目在意义上充分运用了词义之间的转 述关系,即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。此类型试题属于中等难度题,所占 比例较大。 3.语义理解型。这是一类深层次的细节理解题,答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系,这种 联系需要建立在理解文义的基础上。解题时要通过上下文来进行分析、判断、归纳和综合, 才能得出答案。此类型试题属于较高难度的事实细
2、节题,所占比例较大。 4.是非辨别型。 这类题要求考生根据原文提供的信息,判断选项中对文章事实的转述是否真实, 说法是否正确,文章中作者是否提及。出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确,只有一项不符合 原文内容)或“三误一正”(三项错误,只有一项符合原文内容)。 5.事实排序型。这是一类对多项事实进行排序的事实细节题,要求根据事情发生的先后顺序、 时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事情发生、发展的正确顺序。 解题策略 解题时需要注意: 1.细心审题,直接在原文中查找答案。 解答此类试题时,不必细看原文,而应采取“带着问题找答 案”的方法,先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼),然后以此为线索,运用略
3、读及查读的技巧快速 在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句,仔细品味,对照比较,确定答案。 2.变通理解,间接转述找答案。 细节理解题通常采用变换词语和句型的形式来取代原文中的表 述,命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生,即对原句细微处做改 动,截取原文词语或改变句子结构,因果倒置,把 A 的观点说成 B 的观点等。所以正确理解题 干和原文信息对解答此类试题至关重要。 3.多点归纳,综合信息找答案。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息,而是多处信息的整 合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时,一定要全面捕捉相关信息,进行综合分析、归纳,切忌以偏 概全草率地得出结论。 Need
4、a Job This Summer? The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs.The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program. Not a student?Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 bu
5、ild skills,find a job or start businesses all year round. Jobs for Youth If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province,you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program,which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training. Who is eligible:Youth 15-18 years old in select commu
6、nities(社区). Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. Who is eligible:Students aged 15-29,returning to school in the fall. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardsh
7、ip Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer. Who is eligible:Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire,but not turning 18 before December 31 this year. Summer Employment Opportunities(机会) Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program,students
8、 are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service,its related agencies and community groups. Who is eligible:Students aged 15 or older.Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability. 1.What is special about Summer Com
9、pany? A.It requires no training before employment. B.It provides awards for running new businesses. C.It allows one to work in the natural environment. D.It offers more summer job opportunities. 2.What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program? A.15-18.B.15-24.C.15-29.D.16-17. 3.
10、Which program favors the disabled? A.Jobs for Youth. B.Summer Company. C.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D.Summer Employment Opportunities. 语篇导读本文介绍了学生在暑期可以兼职的四个项目。 1.B考查细节理解。根据 Summer Company 中的“Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start a
11、nd run their own summer businesses”可知,这个项目给创业的学生提供高达三千美元的奖金。 2.D考查细节理解。本题问 Stewardship Youth Ranger Program 要求的参与活动的学生的年 龄范围。根据本部分中的“Who is eligible:Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire,but not turning 18 before December 31 this year”可知,学生的年龄应该在 16-17 岁,故选 D。 3.D考查细节理解。题干问:哪一个项目对残疾人特别照顾?根据文章的最后一句“
12、Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability”可知选 D。 阅读理解会有以下命题特征： 1文章体裁稳定，话题丰富，彰显语言与文化的结合 四选一阅读理解体裁丰富，仍会保留记叙文体裁来突出试题的人文特征。另外，与图表相结 合的应用文出现的可能性有所增加。 语言材料围绕人与自我 、 人与社会 、 人与自然 三大主题， 内容涉及人物故事、前沿科技、环境保护和优秀传统文化等，充分体现了高考命题的思想性 和育人功能。 2阅读材料时代和人文气息浓厚，更趋于“原汁原味” 阅读材料
13、的文化含量 加大， 话题将充满浓郁的文化和时代气息， 文章的行文风格更具英语语 言的特点，文章的遣词造句也更加地道。 3重点考查考生的精细化阅读能力，突出深层推理和概括能力的考查 高考四选一阅读理解仍将重点考查考生在有限的时间内通过快速阅读来准确获取所需信息 以及进行合理推断和总结概括的能力。高考越来越突出对考生深层理解文章 的能力的考查， 纯事实细节题呈现减少的趋势， 而推理判断题， 特别是观点态度题 和目的意图题的数量将会 有所增加。对此考生应给予足够的重视。 A Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby.He finds old military (军队的)
14、 medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet.But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals rightful owners， and returns them. His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado AG.Piccoli, found in an a
15、ntique shop.Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Hearthe earned one himself in a war as a soldier.So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do. Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrados sister Adeline Rockko.But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him wit
16、h questions：“Who are you? What antique shop？” However，when she hung up，she regretted the way she had handled the call.So she called Zac back and apologized.Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown，N.Y.“At that point, I knew she meant business，” Zac says.“To drive eight hours to come to see me.” The P
17、iccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown.Corrado, a translator for the Army during WW，was killed in action in Europe. Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadnt realized the medal was missing.Like many military medals, the one Zacs mother had found was a family treasure.“This meda
18、l was very precious to my parents.Only on special occasions (场合) would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands，” Adeline says. As a child, Adeline couldnt understand why the medal was so significant.“But as I grew older，” Adeline says，“and missed my brother more and more, I realized that wa
19、s the only thing we had left.” Corrado Piccolis Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown. Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama.Since he first reunited Corrados medal, Zac says his record is now 5 for 5. 【语篇解读】主题：人与自我(做人与做事)；话题：为勋章
20、找主人。本文是一篇记叙文， 讲述了 Zac 的一个不同寻常的业余爱好： 当在古董店或者网上找到旧的军队勋章时， 他会设 法找到其合法的主人并且归还。 21Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself? AIn the army. BIn an antique shop. CFrom his mother. DFrom Adeline Rockko. 答案A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“.he earned one himself in a war as a soldier.”可知， Zac 是在部队服役的时候获得了一枚紫心勋章，故 A 项正
21、确。 22What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him? AShe was very impolite. BShe was serious about the medal. CShe suspected his honesty. DShe came from a wealthy family. 答案B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“At that e to see me.”可知，Zac 意识到 Adeline 对这枚勋章是十分在意的，要不然她也不会打电话道歉，更不会驱车 8 小时来见自 己，故 B 项正确。mean business (非正
22、式)当真，认真。 23What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart? AHer parents advice. BHer knowledge of antiques. CHer childhood dream. DHer memory of her brother. 答案D细节理解题。根据第六段中的“But as I grew older.we had left.”可知，Adeline 珍视那枚勋章是因为那是他们留下的唯一东西，承载着姐姐对弟弟的思念，故 D 项正确。 B Money_with_no_strings_attached.Its not s
23、omething you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.” People quickly caught on.And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board.“Peo
24、ple of all ages, races, and socio-economic (社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took，” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project.“We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives
25、, tens and even twenties.The video clip (片段) shows one man who had found a $20 bill pinning it to the board. “What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles，” Bridges said.“Theres a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave
26、 the most.” Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could. While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy.He added that he hopes people in other cities might try
27、similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet. “After all，everyone has bad days and good days，” he said.“Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.” 【语篇解读】主题：人与社会(社会服务公益事业)；话题：付出与获取。本文是一篇 夹叙夹议文，主要向读者介绍了 Tyler Bridges 创办的一项“尽你所能，取你所需”的活动。这
28、 一活动吸引了许多不同的人，其唯一目的就是展现人们的慷慨和同情心。 24What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean? AMoney spent without hesitation. BMoney not legally made. CMoney offered without conditions. DMoney not tied together. 答案C词义猜测题。 根据第一段中的“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.(尽你所 能，取你所需
29、)”可知，此处 money with no strings attached 的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”，故 C 项正确。 25What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride? AWomen tended to be more sociable. BThe activity attracted various people. CEconomic problems were getting worse. DYoung couples needed financial assistance. 答案B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Peopl
30、e of all ages，races，and socio-economic backgrounds gave and took，.”可知，这项活动吸引了不同年龄、不同种族、不同社会经 济背景的人们，甚至有一位穿礼服的新娘都来拿了几美元。提到这位新娘的目的，显然是告 诉我们：这项活动吸引了许多不同的人，故 B 项正确。 26Why did Bridges carry out the project? ATo do a test on peoples morals. BTo raise money for his company. CTo earn himself a good reputati
31、on. DTo promote kindness and sympathy. 答案D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“.Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy.”可知，Bridges 开展该项活动的目的是展现人们的慷慨和同情心，故选 D 项。 C California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s，according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a maj
32、or factor (因素) The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.I
33、n the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent；in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent. Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Ho
34、using development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源) But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his
35、colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that cal
36、culated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪) Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising
37、 temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air，and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. 【语篇解读】主题：人与自然(环境保护)；话题：气候变化与大树变少。本文是一篇调查 报告。调查表明，加利福尼亚州的大树变少了，而气候变化是其中的一个主要因素。 27What is the second paragraph mainly about? AThe seriousness o
38、f big-tree loss in California. BThe increasing variety of California big trees. CThe distribution of big trees in California forests. DThe influence of farming on big trees in California. 答案A主旨大意题。第二段中通过列举一系列数字表明，加利福尼亚州的大树减少的 严重性，故 A 项正确。 28Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad f
39、or big trees? AEcological studies of forests. BBanning woodcutting. CLimiting housing development. DFire control measures. 答案D推理判断题。文章第三段提到了造成加利福尼亚州的大树减少的三个因素。前 两个因素直接与大树的减少有关，如果能控制住，大树就不会减少；而第三个因素控制 野火的措施使得加利福尼亚州的森林里满是跟大树争夺资源的小树，初衷是为了控制野火， 这是好的，实则对大树不利，故 D 项正确。 29What is a major cause of the water
40、shortage according to McIntyre? AInadequate snowmelt. BA longer dry season. CA warmer climate. DDampness of the air. 答案C细节理解题。 根据文章最后一段中的“.the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures.”可知，水不足的主要原因就是气温升高(rising temperatures)，即更加温暖的气候，故 C 项正确。 30What can be a
41、suitable title for the text? ACalifornias Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone? BCutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon CWhy Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests? DPatrick McIntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California 答案A标题归纳题。 本文是一篇调查报告， 第一段就点出主题： California has los
42、t half its big trees since the 1930s。 后面具体分析了加利福尼亚州大树的现状、 造成大树减少的原因等， A 项作为标题最合适。 D As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量)technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces.At present, these technologies are still exp
43、ensive, though. Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a stron
44、g layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of w
45、hether someone gets the password right. It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently. In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using t
46、he smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts.The team
47、 hopes to make it to market in the near future. 【语篇解读】主题：人与社会(科学与技术)；话题：智能键盘。本文是一篇科研报道。来 自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员发明了一种智能键盘， 可以通过分析用户的打字模式来判断该 用户是不是安全访客。 28Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard? ATo reduce pressure on keys. BTo improve accuracy in typing. CTo replace the password system. DTo cut the
48、 cost of e-space protection. 答案D推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from Georgia Tech.a smart keyboard.”以及第一段最后一句“At present，these technologies are still expensive，though.”可 推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。 29What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible? AComputers are much easier to operate. BFing
49、erprint scanning techniques develop fast. CTyping patterns vary from person to person. DData security measures are guaranteed. 答案C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine peoples identities.”可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智 能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客，故 C 项符
50、 合题意。 30What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard? AItll be environment-friendly. BItll reach consumers soon. CItll be made of plastics. DItll help speed up typing. 答案B细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”可知，该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选 B 项。 31Where is this
