1、1 / 6 新人教版新人教版 Book 1 Unit 5 词汇精讲版词汇精讲版 一;按词性分: 名词类:attitude,system,civilization, factor,symbol, means ,character, variety ,affair 1. attitude /ttju:d/ n.态度;看法态度;看法 英英英英; Your attitude to something is the way that you think and feel about it, especially when this shows in the way you behave. 助记: att
2、=apt 适应+itude 性质,状态等n.态度,看法to,toward,about;姿势 词组搭配词组搭配: have/take/adopt a positive /negative /firm attitude towards / to 对某人(或某物)持积极/消极/坚定的态度 an attitude to /towards 对 .的.态度 an attitude of mind心态 例句:. (1)Beauty is an attitudeand youth is an attitude of mind 美是一种态度, 年轻是一种心态。 (2)We should have a good
3、attitude to/towards life. 我们应该树立良好的生活态度。 形近词辨异形近词辨异:As the saying goes, attitude determines altitude.俗话说,态度决定高度 2. system /sstm / n.体系;系统体系;系统 solar system 太阳系 a transport system 运输系统 ecosystem 生态系统 (1)If the new safety system had been put to use, the accident would never have happened. 如果新的安全系统已经投入
4、使用,事故就不会发生了。 3. civilization /svlazen/ n.文明;文明世界文明;文明世界 The Yangtze is one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. 长江是中华文明的母亲河之一。 civilize /svlaz/ vt.使文明;使文明;教化教化;启发;启发 Knowledge can civilize people. 知识能够使人有教养。 civilized /svlazd/ adj. 文明的;有教养的文明的;有教养的 Many volunteers are playing an active part
5、 in making a civilized city. 许多志愿者正为建设文明城市发挥积极作用。 Tom was very kind and civilized. 汤姆非常和蔼可亲,十分有教养。 4.factor /fkt(r)/ n.因素;要素因素;要素 the key factor关键因素 the crucial factor 至关重要的因素 Physical activity is a crucial factor in keeping healthy.进行体育活动是保持身体健康的一个重要因素。 4.symbol /smbl / n.符号;象征符号;象征 记:sym 共同+bol 抛共
6、同抛出的标志象征 symbol: 指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。 (1)Red is considered as a symbol of good luck and joy in China. 红色在中国是是好运和喜庆的象征。 (2)We never cut up the noodles because the long noodles are a symbol of long life. 2 / 6 我们从不切断面条,因为长面条是长寿的象征。 symbolize /smblaz/ vt. 象征,代表象征,代表 Easter eggs symbolize the renewal of
7、life. 复活蛋象征新生. 6.means /mi:nz/n.方式;方法;途径方式;方法;途径 词组搭配:词组搭配: means of doing sth .做某事的方法做某事的方法 by this means =in this way=with this method 通过这种方法通过这种方法 by means of 借助借助手段手段 by all means 可以,当然行,没问题(常用于口语交际中)可以,当然行,没问题(常用于口语交际中) His bike is his only means of transport . 自行车是他唯一的代步工具。 by means of. 用用. .
8、办法;借助办法;借助. . He succeeded by means of hard work. 他依靠自己辛勤的劳动而获得成功。 by no means 绝不,无论如何都不绝不,无论如何都不 He is by no means a brave person. 他绝对不是一个勇敢的人。 【注意】 (1)means 是单复数同形的名词,作主语时,谓语的数要根据语境来判断。 Every possible means has been tried to make him give up smoking. 为了让他戒烟,每一种可能的方法都试了。 All possible means have bee
9、n tried to make him give up smoking. 为了让他戒烟,所有可能的方法都试了。 (2)先行词 means 在定语从句中充当方式状语时,引导词用 by which。 This is the means by which he solved the problem. 这就是他解决问题的方式。 7.character /krkt(r)/n. 文字;符号;角色;品质文字;符号;角色;品质 (1)He writes a good hand of Chinese characters. 他能写一手好字. (2)Snow White is one of the most fa
10、mous Disneyland cartoon characters. 白雪公主是最著名的迪士尼卡通人物之一。 (3)The boy has a strong character. 这孩子个性很强. 8.variety/vrat/n. 多种多样; 多样化; 种类; 记;记;vari 变化+ety 表名词n.变化, 多样性, 种种, 品种, 种类;多样化;多样化 a (wide)variety of = varieties of 多种多样的;各种各样的多种多样的;各种各样的 派生:派生:vary/veri/vi.变异,变化变异,变化 various /vers/a.各种各样的,各种各样的,多样的
11、多样的 搭配:vary fromto从到的变化 vary with 随的变化 vary in 在在方面不同方面不同 These data have been collected from various sources. 这些数据是从各方面搜集来的。 China has a variety of / varieties of / various plants. 中国有着品种繁多的植物。 3 / 6 I decided to leave London for a variety of / varieties of / various reasons. 由于种种原因,我决定离开伦敦。 9.affa
12、ir /fe(r) /n.事务;事件事务;事件 global affairs 全球事务 Mind your own affairs! 别管闲事 public /business affairs公共/ 商业事务 第二类:词性转化类 Native,demand, equal.base, major , classic , regard 1.native /netv/adj. 出生地的;本地的;土著的出生地的;本地的;土著的 n.本地人本地人 记【词根词缀: -nat- 生 + -ive 形容词词尾】 搭配:搭配:be native to.原产于原产于a native of 生于生于的人;的人; (
13、1) The giant panda is native to China. 大熊猫产于中国。 (2)He is a native of Shanghai=He is a Shanghai native 他是土生土长的上海人。 2demand/ dm:nd / (1) n.要求;需求要求;需求 搭配:搭配: demand for 对对的需求的需求 in demand 有需求有需求 make demands on 对对提出要求提出要求 on demand 一经要求一经要求 satisfy /meet ones demand 满足某人的要求满足某人的要求 Theres an increased d
14、emand for organic produce these days. 目前对有机农产品有更大的需求。 Rapid industrial growth makes new demands on science and technology at present. 工业的快速发展给当前的科学和技术发展提出了新的要求。 Good teachers are always in demand. 优秀的老师总是需求很大。 (2)vt. 强烈要求;需要强烈要求;需要 demand to do 要求做某事要求做某事 demand + that 从句(从句中用从句(从句中用“should+动词原形动词原形
15、”,should 常可省略)常可省略) This sport demands both speed and strength. 这项运动既需要速度也需要体力。 He demanded to be told everything . =H e demanded that he (should)be toldeverything . 他要求将一切都告诉他。 3.equal /i:kwl/ adj. 相等的;等同的相等的;等同的n.同等的人;相等物同等的人;相等物n.同等的人;相等物同等的人;相等物vt. 等于等于;比得上比得上 记;记;equal =equ 相等,平均+al的adj.相等的;胜任的
16、 n.相等的事务;对手 v.等于 be equal to 与与相等;能胜任相等;能胜任。 He isequal to this work.他能胜任这个工作。 n.同等的人;相等物同等的人;相等物 No one could be Yao Mings equal in playing basketball in China.在中国,打篮球没人能及姚明。 vt. 等于等于;比得上比得上 Three and five equals eight.三加五等于八 4 / 6 4.base /bes/vt.建立建立的基础的基础 baseon/upon= be based on/upon 以以为基础为基础/根据
17、根据 I based my opinion on facts. = My opinion was based on facts.我的看法是以事实为根据的。 Based on a true story, the film deeply moved us. 以一个真实的故事为基础,这部影片深深打动了我们。 n. 底部;根基;基础底部;根基;基础 the economic base 经济基础 the air base 空军基地 basic /besk/ adj.基本的;首要的基本的;首要的 Sleep is, after all, a very basic need.毕竟,睡眠是非常基本的需要。 Y
18、ou should spend time on basic training, not on those flourishes. 要练好基本功, 别尽学花架子. 5.major/me d(r)/adj. 主要的;重要的;大的主要的;重要的;大的 Obesity is a major risk factor in many diseases. 肥胖是引发多种疾病的重要因素。 n.主修课程;主修学生主修课程;主修学生 Her major is Physics. 她的专业课是物理。 Hes a physics major. 她是物理专业的学生。 vi.主修;专门研究主修;专门研究 major in
19、主修主修学科学科 She majored in Physics at Stanford. 她在斯坦福主修物理。 派生:派生:majorityn. 多数;大部分多数;大部分 6.regard /rg:d/ n. 尊重;关注尊重;关注;问候(尤用于信中表示问好)问候(尤用于信中表示问好) 搭配:搭配: have a high regard for钦佩钦佩 give ones regards to 代某人向代某人向问候问候 with / inregard to 关于;有关关于;有关 We have a great regard for the rescue workers. 我们非常尊敬救援工人。
20、Pleas give my regards to your family. 请代我向你家人问好。 With regard to his suggestions, we discuss them fully.关于他的建议,我们将充分讨论 vt. 把把. 视为;看待视为;看待 regard as 把把看作看作 Many people regard foreign language learning as a door to the world. 很多人认为学习外语是一扇通往世界的大门 拓展词: regardingprep;关于,有关 同义短语:consideras/to be ;think of
21、as ; look on as. 第三类:动词 1.refer /rf:(r)/vi.提到;参考;查阅提到;参考;查阅 过去式,过去分词,现在分词过去式,过去分词,现在分词 如下如下 (referred , referred , referring) 搭配:搭配: . 5 / 6 refer to 参考;提到;指的是参考;提到;指的是 refer to sb as称某人称某人; 认为某人是认为某人是 refer to a dictionary查词典查词典 例子:例子: In his speech, he referred to the events of last year. 他在讲演中提到去
22、年那件事。 Refer to the dictionary when you dont know how to spell a word. 当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时,查阅一下词典。 词汇积累词汇积累 reference /refrns / n. 提到,谈及,提到,谈及,参考参考 reference books 参考书参考书 in/with reference to (所述内容所述内容)关于关于 2.date back to/date from 追溯到追溯到 The old building dating back to the Tang Dynasty is still in good co
23、ndition.这所建筑物建于唐朝,依旧状况良 好。 My family has a vase dating back to the Ming Dynasty. 我家有个花瓶是从明代传下来的。 【注意】 date back to/date from 不用于进行时,也不用于被动语态中,但可以用现在分词形式作定语。不用于进行时,也不用于被动语态中,但可以用现在分词形式作定语。 3.appreciate /pri:iet /vt. 欣赏;欣赏;赏识赏识;感激;感激;意识到意识到 The happiest are those who can appreciate the beauty of life.
24、 最幸福的人是那些能欣赏生活之美的人。 Id greatly appreciate your support .我非常感激你的支持。 She appreciated the danger, so she turned and walked away. 她意识到了危险,于是转身走开。 appreciate (ones) doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事感激(某人)做某事 He would much appreciate your doing him that favor. 如果你能帮他这个忙,他会非常感激的。 Id appreciate it if you could do sth. 如
25、果如果你能你能,我我将感激不尽将感激不尽 派生:派生:appreciation/pri:ien/ n. 欣赏;感激;领会欣赏;感激;领会 4.beg /beg/ vt. 恳求;祈求;哀求恳求;祈求;哀求 I beg your pardon. 对不起对不起。(请再说一遍请再说一遍) beg sb for sth. =beg sth of/from sb.向某人乞求某物向某人乞求某物 They begged him for help.= They begged help of/from him . 他们向他求援。 beg for sth.乞求某物乞求某物 beg sb to do sth. 乞求某
26、人乞求某人做做某事某事 beggar /beg(r) / n.乞丐乞丐 4.describe /dskrab/ vt. 描述;形容描述;形容 派生:descriptionn.描写形容 beyond description 难以形容 He gave a description of his hometown/job.(描述) The beauty of Mountain Tai is beyond description(难以形容的) 第五类:介词 1.despite /dspat / prep. 即使;尽管即使;尽管 用法:用法: 6 / 6 despite doing despite wha
27、t 从句从句 despite the fact that 从句从句 despite 是介词,介词后面不能跟句子,只能跟名词结构是介词,介词后面不能跟句子,只能跟名词结构 1)She swims well despite her disabilities. 2)Despite the terrible weather, we continued to work . despite the fact that 3)Despite the fact that the problem is difficult, he spared no effort to solve it. despite sth=
28、in spite of sth. 4) In spite of his disappointment, he managed a weak smile. 尽管他很失望,他还是勉强露出一丝淡淡的微笑。 可以转换成 though/although 引导的从句 5)He always did well at school despite/in spite of doing part-time jobs every now and then. = He always did well at school although/though he did part-time jobs every now and then. 尽管偶尔做兼职,他在学校总是学习成绩很好。