1、Unit 2 Word formation Teaching aims: 1. To explore some rules of word formation. 2. To improve the students abilities to guess the meanings of the words. 3. To enlarge the students vocabulary. Activity 1 a Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. b sculpt a sculpture c When we see rain, we can
2、say “its raining” d WHO d c b a REVIEW： 1 abbreviating 缩写 2 changing the part of speech 词性 3 adding a prefix 前缀 or suffix 后缀 4 combinng two or more words Finish exercises on the paper individually. Discuss exercises on the paper in groups. 我展示，我骄傲，我自豪我展示，我骄傲，我自豪 概述概述 概念：把单词通过概念：把单词通过词性转化、合成或添加前缀、词性转
3、化、合成或添加前缀、 后缀后缀构成新词的方法，叫构词法构成新词的方法，叫构词法 种类：在英语中种类：在英语中,词的构成法主要有四种词的构成法主要有四种: 合成、转化、派生、缩略合成、转化、派生、缩略 一. 派生法 1. 概念：由词根加上词缀构成新词的方法叫做派生法。 2. 分类：词缀分为前缀和后缀。 3. 常见前缀 1）a- 意义: 处在状态中 asleepaliveawake 2) tele- 意义：远距离的 telephone television telescope 3) inter- 意义：相互的 Internet international interact 4）in-, im-,
4、il-, ir- 意义：不，无，非；把形容词变成反义词 informal independent impatient impossible illegal illogical 5)un- 意义：不，无，非，未；把形容词变成反义词 uncertainunpopularunimportant 6) dis- 意义：不，非，相反；把形容词、动词变成反义词 disagreedisappear dishonest 7) non- 意义：不，无，非；把名词变成反义词 non-stopnon-smoker non-profit 4. 常见后缀 1）-er/-or/-ar意义：做的人或物；词根为动作动词 ba
5、ker cooker inventor actor beggarliar 2）-ce意义：表行动或状况；动作名词化 difference preferenceappearance entrance 3）-ion, -ation, -tion, -sion意义：的行为或状态；动作名词 化 introduction suggestion information admission decision 4）-ment 意义：的行为/结果；动作名词化 agreement development movement 5) ness意义：状态/性质；形容词特征名词化 clevernesskindness we
6、akness 6) ure意义：过程/行动/结果；动作名词化 pleasure failure signature 7）-ship意义：的状态/情况/关系/资格 friendshipleadershiphardship 8）-an, -ian意义：ian在某一领域有专长的人，an-地方的人 musician Europeanphysician 9）-ist意义：从事某学科研究的人 artist physicist tourist 10）-ess意义：女 actress waitress hostess 11) y 意义：有特征的，充满的；名词变形容词 sunnyicytasty 12）-al,
7、 -ial 意义：具有特性的；名词变形容词 musicalmedicalnatural 13）-ful意义：充满的，有倾向的；名词变形容词 careful successful thankful 14) less意义：无，不；名词变形容词 carelessuselesshomeless 15）-ize意义：使化；形容词使动用法 realizeapologizepopularize 16）-en意义：使变得；形容词使动用法 deepen shortenweaken 二、转化法 1. 概念：转化法是指一个单词词形不变而改变词词性的构词法。 2. 转化方法： 1）动词转化为名词 dress v. 穿
8、衣服 n.连衣裙 cook v. 做饭n. 厨师; smell v. 闻起来 n.味道 2) 名词转化为动词 book n.书 v.预定 ship n.船 v.船运 water n. 水 v. 浇水 hand n.手 v.交给 3) 形容词转化为动词 slow a.慢的 v. 减速 free a. 自由的v.释放 4) 形容词转化为名词 safe a.安全的 n.保险箱 patient a.耐心的 n. 病人 5) 形容词转化为副词 hard a. 艰苦的/坚硬的/难得 ad.努力地/用力地 high a. 高的 ，高地 ad. 高度地 三、合成法 1. 概念：合成法是指用两个或两个以上的词构
9、成新词的构词法。 2. 分类： 1）合成名词 bookstore highway reading room overcoat handwriting get-together (书店，高速公路，阅览室，外套，书法，聚会) 2) 合成形容词 形容词+名词+-ed kind-hearted left-handed （心地善良的，左撇子的） 副词+过去分词 well-known newly-married (著名的，新婚的) 名词+现在分词 English-speaking peace-loving (说英语的，热爱和平的) 名词+过去分词 manmade snow-covered (人造的，被雪覆
10、盖的) 3）合成副词 howevermaybeeverywhere 4) 合成代词 something nobodyeverything 5) 合成动词 sunbathe sleepwalk underline (沐日光浴， 梦游， 在 下划线) 四、缩写和简写 缩略法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、 去尾、截头去尾等形式。 1.截头截头 telephone-phone / aeroplane-plane 2.去尾去尾examination-exam / laboratory-lab 3.截头去尾截头去尾 refrigerator-fridgeinfluenze- flu 4.
11、 截取：截取：motel /sitcom/ FedEx/ smog /motor hotel/ situation comedy/the federal express/ smoke frog 5. 首字母缩略法首字母缩略法即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主 要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。 kilometers per hourVery Important Person identity card postscript Testing of English as a Foreign La
12、nguage (kph, VIP, ID card, PS , TOEFL) Activity 2 penfriend well-known incorrect unhappy improvement calm presenting WTO ASAP rain(形容词形容词) _ agree(反义反义)_ nation(形容词形容词)_ farm(人人)_ recent(副词副词)_ friend(形容词形容词)_ hope(形容词形容词)_ job(形容词形容词)_ visit(名词名词)_ access(形容词形容词) _ eight(八十八十)_ true(名词名词)_ kind(名词名
13、词)_ China(形容词形容词)_ 按括号内的要求改写下列单词按括号内的要求改写下列单词 rainy national recently hopeful visitor eighty kindness disagree farmer friendly jobless accessible truth Chinese Practice (II) 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空：用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空： Harry Potter is a boy who is full of _ (imagine) _ (congratulate)! You have done so well in t
14、he game. I received a letter of _ (invite) but I didnt accept it. His late _(arrive) made a mess of our plan. To the _(amaze) of the parents, their child can look after himself without their help. He did exercise to _ (strong) his muscles. I went out to _( breath) the fresh air. Dont take his words
15、_ (serious); he was just kidding. The boy felt _ (comfort) with his new classmates, so he seldom spoke. 10. The _(popular) of foreign words is part of the Japanese interest in anything new. 11. The boys _ (usual) behavior puzzled the doctor. 12. He _ (like) those who are not well-behaved. 13. He was
16、 _ (formal) dressed in a blue silk shirt open to the neck. imagination Congratulations invitation arrival amazement strengthen breathe seriously uncomfortable popularity unusual dislikes informally Practice (III) 用括号中所给单词的用括号中所给单词的否定否定形式填空：形式填空： It is _ (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol. _(lea
17、d) advertisement are not allowed by law. The _(expect) death of her son made her sad. He was scolded for his _(acceptable) behavior. If it is not _(convenient) to you, I should like to call on you tonight. He was unlucky. No matter what he does, he was always _(succeed) It was _(polite) of you to le
18、ave without saying goodbye. I am afraid I have to _(agree) with you on the issue. Paralympic Games (残奥会残奥会) are held for the _ (able). 10. It was _ (polite) of you to leave without saying goodbye. illegal Misleading unexpected unacceptable inconvenient unsuccessful impolite disagree disabled impolit
19、e Thanks for listening ! Activity 1 Can you find more examples of each type in the reading passage? 1 abbreviating: IT, US 2 changing the part of speech: When we see snow, we can say “its snowing”. 3 adding a prefix or suffix: paintpainting, hardhardly, softsoftly, harmharmless / harmful, shameshameless / shameful, visibleinvisible 4 combining two or more words: hamburger, eggplant, seasick, airsick, carsick, homesick, homework, housework
