1、动词可分为: 行为动词行为动词 及物动词及物动词 不及物动词不及物动词 连系动词连系动词 情态动词情态动词 助动词助动词 动词动词 谓语动词谓语动词 时态、语态时态、语态 虚拟语气虚拟语气 非谓语动非谓语动 词词 不定式不定式 动名词动名词 分词分词 现在分词现在分词 过去分词过去分词 动词的分类动词的分类 1.(2019全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut_(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that p
2、opulations are increasing. 2.(2019全国卷) Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene _ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _ (make) over the years.
3、 3.(2019全国卷) On the last day of our week-long stay，we _ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 4.(2018全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it_ (be) more eff
4、ective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. have reported declared have made were invited is 人称代词人称代词 不定代词不定代词 some, all, both, either,neither 反身代词反身代词myself, yourself it： 冠词冠词 定冠词定冠词: 特指特指; 固定短语固定短语(hit sb on the head等等) 泛指泛指,固定短语固定短语(make a difference等等) 介词介词 (focus on, be tired
5、of等等) (at, in , on, as, to, by, from等等) 连词连词 ：and, or, but等等 引导三大引导三大 代词代词 其他其他 ：(如助动词如助动词do, does, did；强调结构中的强调结构中的that) 语法填空语法填空 解题思路：解题思路： 纯 空 格 有 提 示 词 谓语谓语 (依据依据:上下文时态上下文时态/时间状语时间状语/固定句式固定句式 (判断方法：与主语的关系判断方法：与主语的关系) (方法：找准主语看是单还是复数方法：找准主语看是单还是复数 (方法：虚拟条件、方法：虚拟条件、suggestt等等) 非谓语非谓语 (表表、形容词后作状语、形
6、容词后作状语、 enough to do等等) () (作作) (，作，作) 有 提 示 词 词类词类 转换转换 作主语、宾语、表语作主语、宾语、表语 作定语、表语、补语作定语、表语、补语 作状语作状语 比较比较 等级等级 (两者比较，两者比较， ) (多者比较，常有多者比较，常有in, of 短语表范围短语表范围) news 消息消息 information 信息信息 advice 忠告，建议忠告，建议 progress 进步，进展进步，进展 knowledge 知识知识 weather 天气天气 fun 乐趣乐趣 equipment 设备设备 English 英语英语 furniture
7、家具家具 wealth 财富财富 damage 损坏损坏 traffic 交通交通;车辆及行人车辆及行人 baggage/luggage 行李行李 clothing 衣服，衣着衣服，衣着 word 消息，信息消息，信息 work 工作工作 homework 家庭作业家庭作业 牢记下列典型的不可数名词：牢记下列典型的不可数名词： 一、常用时态归纳一、常用时态归纳 时态时态构成构成用法用法 一般现一般现 在时在时 do/does 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状表示经常发生的动作或存在的状 态。态。 表示按计划、规定要发生的动作表示按计划、规定要发生的动作 表示客观存在或普遍真理。表示客观存在或普遍真
8、理。 一般过一般过 去时去时 did表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 一般将一般将 来时来时 will/ shall do 表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状 态、未来习惯性的动作、提出请求、态、未来习惯性的动作、提出请求、 作出允诺、表示同意等。作出允诺、表示同意等。 过去将过去将 来时来时 would/ should do 表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的 动作或存在的状态。常用在间接引动作或存在的状态。常用在间接引 语中，主句谓语动词为过去时态。语中，主句谓语动词为过去时态。 always, usual
9、ly, often, sometimes, every., twice a week 等等 yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last., .ago 等等 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next., in.等等 多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作 以后的动作以后的动作 时态构成用法 现在完 成时 have/has done 表示说话时已经完成的动作， 而且这个动作的结果对现在仍 有影响。 表示动作发生在过去，并且 有可能继续持续下去。 现在完 成进行 时
10、 have/ has been doing 表示过去某时开始一直延续到 现在, 有时表示动作的重复等。 过去完 成时 had done 表示在过去某一时刻或动作之 前已完成的动作，即“过去的 过去”。 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, recently for., since.等等 by., before.等等 时态时态构成构成用法用法 将来完将来完 成时成时 willhave done 表示在将来某个时点完成的表示在将来某个时点完成的 动作动作 过去将过去
11、将 来完成来完成 时时 would have done 表示在过去看来将来某时会表示在过去看来将来某时会 已经完成的动作已经完成的动作,常用在虚拟常用在虚拟 语气语气 现在进现在进 行时行时 am/is/are doing 表示现在正在进行的动作。表示现在正在进行的动作。 过去进过去进 行时行时 was/were doing 表示过去某一时间正在进行表示过去某一时间正在进行 的动作。的动作。 by + 将来时间将来时间 常用在虚拟语气中常用在虚拟语气中,表示与表示与 过去的事实相反过去的事实相反 now this morning, the whole morning, from nine to
12、 ten last evening when, while 二、常用语态归纳 语态语态 时态时态 主动主动被动被动 一般现在时一般现在时do/doesam /is /are done 一般过去时一般过去时didwas / were done 一般将来时一般将来时will/shall dowill/shall be done 过去将来时过去将来时would dowould/should be done 现在完成时现在完成时have/has donehave/has been done 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 have been doing 无被动无被动 过去完成时过去完成时had done
13、had been done 将来完成时将来完成时 will/shall have done will/shall have been done 过去将来完成时过去将来完成时 was /were doingwas /were being done 现在进行时现在进行时am /is/are doneam /is/are being done 过去进行时过去进行时was /were doingwas /were being done 被动语态由被动语态由bebedonedone，bebe随时态随时态 的变化而上变化。的变化而上变化。 Around twenty years ago I was liv
14、ing in York. Although I had a lot of experience and a Masters degree, I could not find _(satisfy) work. I was driving a school bus to make ends meet and living with a friend of _(me),for I had lost my flat. I had attended five interviews with a company and one day between bus runs, they called to sa
15、y I did not get the job. Why has my life become so hard? I thought _(pain). _ I pulled the bus over to drop off a little girl, she handed me an earring _ (say) that I should keep it in case somebody claimed it. The earring _ (paint) black and said BE HAPPY.At first I got angry. satisfying mine painf
16、ully As/When saying was painted At first I got angry. Then it hit me I _(give) all of my attention to what was going wrong with my life rather than what was right! I decided then and there to make a list of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to add more things to the list. That night th
17、ere was a phone call for me _ a lady who was a director at a larger hospital. She asked me _ I would give a one-day lecture on stress _(manage) to 200 medical workers. I said yes. My day there went very well,and before long I got a well-paid job. To this day I know that it was because I changed my w
18、ay of thinking that I completely changed my life. had been giving from if/whether management 三、 1. 一般现在时：一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to ente
19、r the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时一般过去时： They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. The students didnt forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten. 3. 一般将来时：一般将来时： They will send cars abro
20、ad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时：过去将来时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year
21、. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 5. 现在完成时：现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. The price
22、has been brought down. 6. 过去完成时：过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. People had considered him to be a great leader. He had been considered to be a great leader. 7. 将来完成时 Will he ask
23、 us to attend the opening ceremony? Shall/Will we be asked to attend the opening ceremony? Tom will call onme as soon as he arrives home. I shall/will be called on as soon as he arrives home. 8. 过去将来完成时 If I had worked hard,I would have passed all the exams. If I had worked hard,all the exams would
24、have been passed. If he had told me earlier, I would not have done that. If I had been told earlier, that would not have been done . 9. 现在进行时现在进行时 The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted. 10
25、. 过去进行时过去进行时 The workers were mending the road. The road was being mended. This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year. 11. 含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态： should/can/could/must/may/might+be done should/can/could/must/may/might+have been done You must
26、hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters can be written with the computer by him. You should have finished your homework before you went out. You homework should have been finishe
27、d before you went out. He could have finished it , but he was ill. It could have been finished, but he was ill. 情态动词情态动词+have done 结构用法结构用法 1. could have done 本能做本能做.(而实际上未做而实际上未做) 2. couldnt have done (过去过去)不可能做过不可能做过. 3. might have done (过去过去)有可能做过有可能做过. 4. should/ought to have done本该做而实际上没做本该做而实际
28、上没做. 5. should not have done.本不该做而做了本不该做而做了. 6. must have done. 一定已经做过了一定已经做过了. 7. neednt have done 本不必做本不必做.(实际已做过了实际已做过了) Dear Peter， Glad to hear that you are going to take a trip to China this August. Here are a few suggestions about how to learn Chinese well. As I know, you are always intereste
29、d in Chinese culture and want to learn some Chinese. Therefore, I suggest that you choose Chinese daily dialogue as a start, which can help you a lot during your trip.Learning a foreign language needs great efforts. Apparently, Id like to be your teacher and send you an e-book with my teaching sched
30、ule later. I will try my best to make your learning easier and Im sure you can speak some fluent Chinese before you come China. Try and write to me in Chinese next time. When are you going to take a trip to China ? - This/In August. 1. 你打算什么时候去中国旅行你打算什么时候去中国旅行? What are you always interested in ? -C
31、hinese culture. 2. 你总是对什么感兴趣你总是对什么感兴趣? What do you suggest? -You choose Chinese daily dialogue as a start. 3.你有什么建议你有什么建议? What does learning a foreign language need? -Great efforts. 4. 学习一门外语需要什么？学习一门外语需要什么？ Dear Peter， Glad to hear that you are going to take a trip 1._ China this August. Here 2. _
32、 (be) a few suggestions about how 3. _ (learn) Chinese well. As I know, you are always interested in Chinese culture 4. _ want to learn some Chinese. 5._ , I suggest that you 6._ (choose) Chinese daily dialogue as a start, 7._ can help you a lot during your trip.Learning a foreign language needs gre
33、at 8._ (effort) . 9._ (apparent) , Id like to be your teacher and send you 10._ e-book with my teaching schedule later. I will try my best to make your learning easier and Im sure you can speak some fluent Chinese before you come China. Try and write to me in Chinese next time. to are to learn and T
34、herefore which efforts Apparently an choose 1情态动词后动词的形式误用 2情态动词后系动词be的缺失 3情态动词语态的误用 4情态动词have done形式误用 5. 虚拟语气的误用 高考情态动词的考点高考情态动词的考点 单句改错单句改错 1We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip. 2(江苏)Therefore, rules should worked out and strictly observed. 3(2015)We must found ways to protect o
35、ur environment. 4(天津)I neednt worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 5There will a lecture in our library at 4：00 on Wednesday afternoon. 6However, just several days later, I began to feel tired and cant concentrate in class. 1We can chose between st
36、aying at home and taking a trip. 2(江苏)Therefore, rules should worked out and strictly observed. 3(2015)We must found ways to protect our environment. 4(天津)I neednt worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 5There will a lecture in our library at 4：00 on
37、 Wednesday afternoon. 6However, just several days later, I began to feel tired and cant concentrate in class. choose be find have be couldnt 7He became very angry, but I dared not to tell him about the game. 8People neglect the fact that our parents are the dearest persons in the world, so we should
38、 nice to our parents. 7He became very angry, but I dared not to tell him about the game. 8People neglect the fact that our parents are the dearest persons in the world, so we should nice to our parents. be 语法填空 1If the new safety system _ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened. 2Do you
39、 have Bettys phone number? Yes. Otherwise, I wouldnt _ (be) able to reach her yesterday. 3_(be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. 4. I wish I_ (be) at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. 5. Without his w
40、artime experiences, Hemingway wouldnt _ (write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. had been put have been Were were it not for .“要不是因为要不是因为” had been have written 虚拟语气的考点虚拟语气的考点 虚拟语气的误用虚拟语气的误用 虚拟语气的知识点多而杂，为了快速掌握虚拟语虚拟语气的知识点多而杂，为了快速掌握虚拟语 气的用法，避免出现错误，用下面口诀帮助记忆：气的用法，避免出现错误，用下面口诀帮助记忆： (1)条件句中用法有条件句中用法有
41、3种种(现在、过去、将来现在、过去、将来)，此外，此外 还有错综与倒装；还有错综与倒装； (2)should有有4种动词种动词(一坚持、二命令、三建议、一坚持、二命令、三建议、 四要求四要求)和名从和名从(名词性从句名词性从句)； (3)还有还有5种不能忘种不能忘(I wish ., Its time ., would rather, as if, if only)； (4)最后勿忘特殊介词、副词最后勿忘特殊介词、副词(如如otherwise, but for, without等等)。 1Some classmates suggest we can go to places of intere
42、st nearby. 2What do you think I should do? If you are me, would you talk to them？ 3However, its high time that immediate measures must be taken. 4He made a suggestion that we did some volunteer work this weekend. 5Most citizens in Hong Kong strongly insisted that those who attacked the police with v
43、iolence were put into prison. 1Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. 2What do you think I should do? If you are me, would you talk to them？ 3However, its high time that immediate measures must be taken. 4He made a suggestion that we did some volunteer work this weekend. 5Mo
44、st citizens in Hong Kong strongly insisted that those who attacked the police with violence were put into prison. were should do be 虚拟语气的误用虚拟语气的误用 虚拟语气的知识点多而杂，为了快速掌握虚拟语虚拟语气的知识点多而杂，为了快速掌握虚拟语 气的用法，避免出现错误，用下面口诀帮助记忆：气的用法，避免出现错误，用下面口诀帮助记忆： (1)条件句中用法有条件句中用法有3种种(现在、过去、将来现在、过去、将来)，此外，此外 还有错综与倒装；还有错综与倒装； (2)
45、should有有4种动词种动词(一坚持、二命令、三建议、一坚持、二命令、三建议、 四要求四要求)和名从和名从(名词性从句名词性从句)； (3)还有还有5种不能忘种不能忘(I wish ., Its time ., would rather, as if, if only)； (4)最后勿忘特殊介词、副词最后勿忘特殊介词、副词(如如otherwise, but for, without等等)。 语法填空 Unlike some other European languages,English is a little tricky when 1. comes to writing.How a wo
46、rd is pronounced and how it is actually spelt can be very different things.Take two simple 2._ (verb) like “have” and “save” for example,shouldnt they 3._ (pronounce) the same?Why do “sir” “her” and “fur” all rhyme,but “fork” and “work” dont? Imagine,then,a situation 4._ two words are spelt and pron
47、ounced exactly the same way,5._ have completely different meanings.Welcome to the world of homonyms(同形 同音异义词).For example,the word “fair”it can be a kind of festival 6._ an adjective to describe the color of your hair. it verbs be pronounced where but or -36- So how do you know which meaning someone
48、 is referring 7._ ?You dont,except by the context.8._ (obvious),if someone asks you to “give them a hand”,they dont want you to remove what is at the end of your arm. Sometimes even the context doesnt help muchthe result can be 9._ (amuse).These sentences play with the double meaning of a noun: I us
49、ed to be a banker,but I lost interest. A small boy swallowed some coins and had to go to hospital.When his grandmother phoned 10._ (ask) how he was,the nurse said,“No change yet”. Obviously to amusing to ask 语法填空 Handwriting is one of the most important skill in daily life.Nowadays, however, most st
50、udents are paying less and less attention on it.Theres many reason for the phenomenon, one of that is the growing popularity of computers.Many students think computers help them do everything, so they neednt waste time improve the handwriting.Besides, the students are such occupied with their studie
