1、 1. To learn the restrictive relative clauses with that, which, who, whose, whom and /. 2. To use the restrictive relative clauses to describe pictures of disasters. Retell the passage briefly: Strange things were happening that night. The water in the wells. Smelly gas Animals But people were. Sudd
2、enly, everything began to shake. It seemed as if. A huge crack Hard hills of rock In less than one minutes, Two thirds of the people. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything Bricks Most bridges The railway tracks People were in shock. And later that afternoon, Peo
3、ple began to wonder But hope was not lost. Soon after the earthquake, Doctors and nurses Workers The city began to breathe again. Tangshan began to revive itself. With the support The new city Observe the restrictive relative clauses in the sentence below. The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible expe
4、rience that my great grandma cannot forget. The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupt. The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise. A doctor with wh
5、om James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Educator. Find more sentences with the same structure from the text. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in th
6、e quake was more than 400,000. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. The structure of restrictive relative clauses Two thirds of the people who liv
7、ed there were dead or injured. 先行词先行词 关系关系 代词代词 从句从句 定义定义: 在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、 代词、整个主句或主句中的一部分的从句。代词、整个主句或主句中的一部分的从句。 类型类型: 限制性定语从句（描述主句所涉及的人限制性定语从句（描述主句所涉及的人 或物的具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；或物的具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分； 如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义）。如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义）。 关系代词：关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose等。等。 引导定语从句
8、的关系代词有三个作用：引导定语从句的关系代词有三个作用： 1）连接作用：引导从句，把从句和它所修饰）连接作用：引导从句，把从句和它所修饰 的内容连接起来；的内容连接起来； 2）替代作用：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的）替代作用：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的 先行词；先行词； 3）在从句中充当成分：作主语、宾语、表）在从句中充当成分：作主语、宾语、表 语、定语。语、定语。 指人指人指物指物主语主语 宾语宾语 that which who whom 关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以： 何时可以省略？何时可以省略？ 做做宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略 关系代词的用法与辨析关系代词的用法与辨析 (1
9、) 关系代词关系代词that与与which 在定语从句中在定语从句中, 关系代词关系代词that既可指人，也既可指人，也 可指物，可指物，which一般用于指物。在指物时，二一般用于指物。在指物时，二 者一般可以互换。者一般可以互换。 通常使用通常使用that引导定语从句的情况：引导定语从句的情况： 当先行词为当先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none等不定代词或先行词被等不定代词或先行词被the only, few, little, no, all, every, the very等词修等词修 饰时。饰时。 当先行词
10、同时包括人和物时。如：当先行词同时包括人和物时。如： They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited. 当先行词前有序数词当先行词前有序数词first, last, next等或形容等或形容 词的最高级修饰时。如：词的最高级修饰时。如： This is the first article that Ive written in Japanese. 当主句是由当主句是由who或或which开头的疑问句时。开头的疑问句时。 如：如： Who is the man that is standing by Jack? (
11、2) 关系代词关系代词who与与whom who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语，指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语， 一般可用一般可用that替换。替换。 whom指人，是宾格，在定语从句中作宾指人，是宾格，在定语从句中作宾 语。在口语和非正式文体中可用语。在口语和非正式文体中可用who或或that替替 换，也可以省略。换，也可以省略。 (3) 关系代词关系代词whose whose是是who的所有格，在定语从句中作定的所有格，在定语从句中作定 语，起限定作用。语，起限定作用。whose引导定语从句时，先引导定语从句时，先 行词可以指人，也可以指物。行词可以指人，也可以指物。 Complete
12、 each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom or /. 1. Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon. 2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ were asleep. 3. The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find. whose
13、who/that that 4. Several days later, most of the buildings _ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired. 5. The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital. 6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _ she was rescued. 7. Is this young boy _ saved severa
14、l other students trapped under buildings? that/ which whose whom who 1 The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79AD took the people of Pompeii by surprise. They had always known that the mountain was a volcano but it had been quiet for so long that nobody saw it as a threat. When the volcano finally did e
15、rupt, it was so quick and so severe that the town was soon covered in lava and ash. A writer _ was there during the eruption described how lava was thrown into the air like a fountain. Complete the short passages with that, which, who, whose, whom or /. who/that After it fell to earth, it turned int
16、o wave of lava _ travelled down the mountain faster than people could run away. It was an absolute disaster for those _ could not escape in time. Many of the wooden houses and bungalows in Pompeii were burned to the ground, but the stone houses remained under the ash until they were rediscovered dur
17、ing the 20th century. who/ that that/ which 2 The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it. Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater _ had been formed during the eruption. We put on special clothes before
18、 we went any closer. Looking like spacemen, we had white protective suits _ covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves. It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and look down into the red, boiling center. that/ which that/ which
19、Take turns to ask each other about the pictures with the language we have learnt today. A: Whats the rescue worker doing? B: Shes feeding the baby who survived the earthquake. A: What are the soldiers doing? B: They are putting up the tents which are used as temporary shelters for the homeless in the earthquake. Write a short passage of 8 sentences to describe the rescue work after the natural disaster. At least 4 restrictive relative clauses must be used.
