2019-2020学年新教材素养突破外研版必修第一册（课件+讲义）初高中衔接 (共3份打包).zip

第一讲第一讲句子成分句子成分 一、主语、谓语 温故考一考 说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分 1Class begins at eight. 答案：主语谓语 2The_teachers are_having a meeting. 答案：主语谓语 3At five oclock, they left. 答案：主语谓语 4Put_up your hand if you have any questions. 答案：谓语谓语 5Smoking does harm to your health. 答案：主语谓语 6There is a_pen on the desk. 答案：谓语主语 7Who teaches you maths, Xiao Hua? 答案：主语谓语 8This_story happened in London. 答案：主语谓语 9The_rich should_help the poor. 答案：主语谓语 10This weekend, some_of_us are_going_to_have a picnic with the teachers. 答案：主语谓语 知新讲一讲 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各个部分在句子中 所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和 补语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。 1主语(Subject)：主语是句子的主体部分，是说明的对象， 是动作的执行者或发出者。主语通常由名词、代词等充当(主语 有时是动作的承受者，这时谓语应用被动语态)。例如： The students are listening to me carefully. 学生们在认真听我讲课。 They want to learn English well. 他们想学好英语。 2谓语(Predicate)：谓语用来表示主语的状态或行为动作。 (1)简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成，不管是什么时 态、语态、语气。例如： He practises running every morning. 他每天早上练习跑步。 Dont play in the street. 不要在街上玩。 He is doing his homework now. 他现在正在做家庭作业。 (2)复合谓语：由情态动词或某些其他助动词加不带 to 的 动词不定式构成。例如： You may keep the book for two weeks. 这本书你可以借两周。 He had to stay at home. 他不得不待在家里。 由系动词加表语构成。例如： We are students.我们是学生。 温故知新练一练 .指出下列句子中的主语和谓语(画线部分) 1He has_become more and more interested in English. 答案：主语谓语 2The_living should_go_on_with his work. 答案：主语谓语 3He practises speaking English every morning. 答案：主语谓语 4The_child has_been_brought_up by his grandmother. 答案：主语谓语 5To_see is_to_believe. 答案：主语谓语 6It is_necessary to_help_him_out. 答案：形式主语谓语真正主语 7He looked_after the children carefully. 答案：主语谓语 8Four_plus_four is_eight. 答案：主语谓语 9He can_speak English very well. 答案：主语谓语 10Playing_football in the street is_dangerous. 答案：主语谓语 .汉译英 1他昨天下午到达海南。 答案：Yesterday afternoon he reached Hainan. 2我们经常在课堂上说英语。 答案：We often speak English in class. 3掌握一门外语是有必要的。 答案：It is necessary to master a foreign language. 4张教授是著名的科学家。 答案：Professor Zhang is a famous scientist. 5我们打算今晚去拜访他。 答案：We are going to call on him tonight. 二、宾语、表语 温故考一考 说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分 1They visited an_exhibition yesterday. 答案：宾语 2The heavy rain prevented me from arriving_at_school_on_time. 答案：宾语宾语 3How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 答案：宾语宾语 4I enjoy listening_to_pop_music. 答案：宾语 5She looks unhappy today. 答案：表语 6He often went hungry in the past. 答案：表语 7His job is to_teach_English. 答案：表语 8Time is up. The class is over. 答案：表语表语 9He remained in_poor_health all those years. 答案：表语 10These apples taste sweet. 答案：表语 知新讲一讲 1宾语(Object)：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位 于及物动词(短语)或介词后面。例如： He is going to buy a dictionary.(动词的宾语) 他打算买本词典。 We should learn from him. 我们应向他学习。(介词的宾语) 宾语种类：(1)双宾语：间接宾语直接宾语，间接宾语一 般指人，直接宾语一般指物。 例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. 请把你的词典借给我用一用。 (2)复合宾语：宾语宾补。 例如：He asked me to come.他请我来的。 2表语(Predicative)：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征或状 态，它一般位于系动词(如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、动词的ing 形式、 不定式、介词短语、副词及从句充当。 例如： Is it yours？那是你的吗？ The books are interesting.这些书很有趣。 I wasnt at home last night.昨晚我没在家。 The weather has turned cold.天气已变冷。 温故知新练一练 .指出下列句子中的宾语和表语(画线部分) 1His job is to_train_swimmers. 答案：表语 2He seems interested in the plan. 答案：表语 3He handed me the_newspaper. 答案：间接宾语直接宾语 4The war was over. 答案：表语 5The window is broken. 答案：表语 .汉译英 1我的爱好是画画。 答案：My hobby is painting. 2他好像知道真相。 答案：He seems to know the truth. 3他不喜欢这项工作。 答案：He doesnt like the job. 4我给你买了一些巧克力。 答案：I have bought you some chocolate. 5这工厂 60%的工人是年轻人。 答案：60% of the workers in this factory are young. 三、定语、状语、补语 温故考一考 说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分 1China is a developing country, while America is a developed country. 答案：定语定语 2He is reading an article about_how_to_learn_English. 答案：定语 3The boy who_is_shouting_there is her brother. 答案：定语定语 4Light travels most_quickly. 答案：状语 5He has lived in the city for_ten_years. 答案：状语 6He goes to school by_bus. 答案：状语 7In_order_to_catch_up_with_the_others,_I must work harder. 答案：状语状语 8Dont leave the window open. 答案：宾补 9I heard him go_out. 答案：宾补 10His father named him Dong_Ming. 答案：宾补 知新讲一讲 1定语：(Attribute)：定语起修饰限制名词或代词的作用。 一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、动词不 定式、分词(短语)或句子充当。例如： Dalian is a beautiful city. 大连是一个美丽的城市。 The girl with glasses is diligent. 戴眼镜的女孩很勤奋。 The man standing there is our teacher. 站在那里的那人是我们的老师。 Is there any difference between spoken English and written English? 英语口语和书面语之间有什么不同吗？ I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多作业要做。 2状语(Adverbial)：状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或 整个句子，说明动作或状态特征。可表示时间、地点、原因、 目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等，一般 由副词、介词短语、动词不定式，动词的ing 形式或从句充当。 例如： Im very pleased to see you. 见到你我非常高兴。 Ill be back in a while. 我一会儿就回来。 We go home twice a month. 我们每月回家两次。 Being fat, he cant walk long. 因为身体很胖，他走不了多远。 He works hard every day to pass the exam. 为了通过考试，他天天刻苦学习。 3宾语补足语(Object Complement)：用来对宾语作补充说 明，可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词或介词短语等充 当。例如： They painted their boat white. 他们把船涂成白色。 Let the fresh air in. 让新鲜空气进来。 You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. 你绝不可强迫他借钱给你。 We saw her entering the room. 我们见她进入房间。 We found everything in the lab in good order. 我们发现实验室里的东西都井然有序。 温故知新练一练 .指出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分 1He is a lovely boy. 答案：定语 2There are many women teachers in our school. 答案：定语定语 3Our monitor is always the first to_enter_the_classroom. 答案：定语定语 4He is playing there happily. 答案：状语状语 5I shall go there if_it_doesnt_rain. 答案：状语状语 6The story happened in_Beijing. 答案：状语 7He was so tired that_he_fell_asleep_immediately. 答案：状语 8His coming late made his teacher unhappy. 答案：宾补 9Please keep the dog out. 答案：宾补 10When he woke up, he found himself under_the_bed. 答案：宾补 .汉译英 1我父母都是教师。 答案：My parents are both teachers. 2你为什么不买那个红色的呢？ 答案：Why dont you buy the red one? 3我两周没回家了。 答案：I havent been home for two weeks. 4放学后，他发现他妈妈在校门口等着他。 答案：After school, he found his mother waiting for him at the school gate. 5小明通常步行去上学。 答案：Xiao Ming usually goes to school on foot. 第一讲句子成分 第三讲第三讲句子类型句子类型 英语中的句子有三大类：简单句、并列句和复合句。 一、并列句 知新讲一讲 由两个或两个以上由并列连接词连在一起的简单句称为并 列句。常用的并列连词有： 1连接两个同等概念，常用 and, not only. but also., neither. nor.等。例如： The teachers name is Bob, and the students name is John. 老师叫鲍勃，学生叫约翰。 2表示选择，常用的连词有 or, either. or.等。例如： Shall we go out to the cinema or shall we stay at home? 我们是出去看电影还是留在家里？ 3表示转折，常用的连词有 but, yet, while 等。例如： He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 他个子矮小，戴着厚厚的眼镜，但他却能用一种奇特的方 法使他的课生动有趣。 4表示因果，常用的连词有 so, for 等。例如： August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 八月份是水稻收获的季节，因此每天我都从早忙到晚。 温故知新练一练 .用合适的连词填空 1Excuse me for breaking in, but I have some news for you. 2He helps me do the cleaning and I help him with his physics. 3The car broke down, so we had to find a telephone. 4Do the job yourself or ask others for help. 5It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. .将两个简单句合并为并列句 1It has no mouth. It can talk. 答案：It has no mouth, but it can talk. 2You must tell the truth. You will be punished. 答案：You must tell the truth, or youll be punished. 3He has many good friends. He is an honest man. 答案：He has many good friends, for he is an honest man. 4Mr. Li went to his hometown. Mr. Wang was taking his class instead. 答案：Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead. 5He wants to be a writer. I want to be a scientist. 答案：He wants to be a writer while I want to be a scientist. 二、复合句 知新讲一讲 1概念：主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句 构成。从句通常由关联词引导，关联词将从句和主句联系在一 起。 2分类：按其在复合句中的作用，分为主语从句、表语从 句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。前四种从 句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，统称为名词性从句。 (1)主语从句 How much income we can expect this year is not yet known. 我们今年能有多少收入还不知道。 Who will go is not important. 谁将去并不重要。 (2)表语从句 The answer is that he is one of the top three physicists in his particular field. 答案是：在他的特殊领域里，他是三位顶尖的物理学家之 一。 (3)宾语从句 Scientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of a number of different plates. 科学家解释说，地球的表层是由许多不同的板块构成的。 (4)同位语从句 The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 他会康复的希望没有消失。 (5)定语从句 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 正和我父亲握手的那个人是个警察。 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. 词典是解释词语意思的书。 This is the place where my mother was born. 这是我母亲出生的地方。 (6)状语从句 Listen and be quiet while others are talking! 在别人说话时要听着，保持安静！ Go back where you come from. 回到你来的地方去。 You can tell me if you need help. 如果你需要帮助，你就告诉我。 温故知新练一练 判断下列句子含有哪种从句，并用横线标出 1When you see him, please say hello to him. 答案：， please say hello to him. When you see him 状语从句 2Is he the man who wants to see you? 答案：Is he the man ？ who wants to see you 定语从句 3I want to know what he has told us. 答案：I want to know . what he has told us 宾语从句 4The fact is that we have lost the game. 答案：The fact is . that we have lost the game 表语从句 5What he wants to tell us is not clear. 答案： is not clear. What he wants to tell us 主语从句 6While I agree with you, I cant go with you. 答案：， I cant go with you. While I agree with you 状语从句 7He waited until I returned. 答案：He waited . until I returned 状语从句 8Where there is a will, there is a way. 答案：， there is a way. Where there is a will 状语从句 9I shall never forget the day when we moved into our new house. 答案：I shall never forget the day . when we moved into our new house 定语从句 10He hid his storybook so that his teacher couldnt find it. 答案：He hid his storybook . so that his teacher couldnt find it 状语从句 .指出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分 1The_students got on the school bus. 答案：主语定语 2I shall_answer your question after_class. 答案：谓语状语 3What a beautiful Chinese painting! 答案：定语 4Tom came to_ask_me_for_advice. 答案：状语 5He found it important to_master_English. 答案：形式宾语真正宾语 6Do you have anything else to_say? 答案：宾语定语 7He became a_teacher at the age of twentyone. 答案：表语 8Would you please tell me_your_address? 答案：宾语(间宾直宾) 9It is our_duty to keep our classroom clean_and_tidy. 答案：形式主语表语宾补 10We must keep it a_secret. 答案：宾补 .判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句 1We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 答案：简单句 2The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 答案：复合句 3There is a chair in this room, isnt there? 答案：简单句 4My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 答案：简单句 5He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 答案：并列句 6He was fond of drawing when he was a child. 答案：复合句 7Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 答案：并列句 8What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it? 答案：复合句 9Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 答案：简单句 .汉译英 1这个班三分之一的学生是女生。 答案：Onethird of the students in this class are girls. 2她仔细照看她那生病的母亲。 答案：She takes good care of her sick mother. 3他看上去有点激动。 答案：He looks a bit excited. 4他们的计划是在一周内完成这项实验。 答案：Their plan is to finish the experiment in a week. 5他们昨天帮老年人做家务。 答案：They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 6他的话使我很生气。 答案：What he said made me very angry. 7这就是我们去年冬天住过的房间吗？ 答案：Is this the room where we lived last winter? 8如果有时间，我们星期三来看你。 答案：We will come over to see you on Wednesday if we have time. 第三讲句子类型 第二讲第二讲简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型 一、主语谓语 知新讲一讲 在此句型中，谓语是不及物动词(短语)，不带宾语。例如： My head aches.我头疼。 The students are studying in the classroom. 学生们正在教室里学习。 They have left.他们已经走了。 温故知新练一练 汉译英 1我们努力学习。 答案：We study hard. 2一轮红日从东方升起。 答案：The red sun rises in the east. 31939 年爆发了第二次世界大战。 答案：The Second World War broke out in 1939. 4飞机很快就要起飞了。 答案：The plane will take off soon. 5那家水果店关门了。 答案：The fruit store has closed. 二、主语谓语宾语 知新讲一讲 该句型中的谓语是及物动词(短语)，后面必须跟宾语。例如： I finished reading the book.我读完了这本书。 Do you like apples？你喜欢苹果吗？ We discussed it at the meeting last week. 上周我们在会上讨论过这件事。 He decided to buy a computer.他决定买一台电脑。 We love China.我们爱中国。 They enjoyed themselves very much last night. 他们昨天晚上玩得很开心。 Do you remember his telephone number? 你记得他的电话号码吗？ 注意不及物动词与介词连用时，其后也可跟宾语。例如： Ann is waiting for Kate at the school gate. 安正在校门口等凯特。 He thought about the problem for a while. 他把这个问题思考了一会儿。 温故知新练一练 指出下列句子中的主语、谓语和宾语 1She teaches English. 答案：Sh teache Englis. e 主语 s 谓语 h 宾语 2He enjoys listening to music. 答案：H enjoy . e 主语 s 谓语 listening to music 宾语 3The teacher corrected her poor pronunciation more than once. 答案： correcte more The teacher 主语 d 谓语 her poor pronunciation 宾语 than once. 4Story telling has much strength in improving oral English skills. 答案： ha much strengt in improving Story telling 主语 s 谓语 h 宾语 oral English skills. 5He has decided to work harder at English. 答案：H . e 主语 has decided 谓语 to work harder at English 宾语 三、主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语 知新讲一讲 英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语，即间接宾语(指人)和直接 宾语(指物)。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。能跟双 宾语的动词常见的有：ask, bring, take, buy, cost, fetch, give, hand, pass, lend, offer, pay, save, send, show, teach, tell, write 等。例如： Could you pass me the salt? (Could you pass the salt to me？) 请你把盐给我好吗？ Uncle Wang made the farmers many machines. (Uncle Wang made many machines for the farmers.) 王叔叔给农民们制造了很多机器。 Mother bought me a new dress. (Mother bought a new dress for me.) 妈妈给我买了一件新连衣裙。 The evening dress cost her forty dollars. 这件晚礼服花了她四十美元。 注意(1)间接宾语后置与 for 连用的动词有 buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find 等。例如： Uncle Li bought me a birthday present. (Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me.) 李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物。 (2)间接宾语后置与 to 连用的动词有 give, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass 等。例如： Please pass him a cup of tea. (Please pass a cup of tea to him.) 请递给他一杯茶。 (3)间接宾语后置既可与 for 也可与 to 连用的动词有 do, leave, bring 等。例如： He brought me a dictionary. (He brought a dictionary for/to me.) 他给我带来了一本词典。 (4)若直接宾语是人称代词，通常情况下将其置于间接宾语 之前。例如： 误：Please give me them. 正：Please give them to me. 温故知新练一练 汉译英 1他教我们英语。 答案：He teaches us English. 2请告诉我你的电话号码。 答案：Please tell me your telephone number. 3这给了我们很大的鼓励。 答案：This gave us great encouragement. 4这个新方法省了我们不少时间。 答案：This new way saved us much time. 四、主语谓语宾语宾语补足语 知新讲一讲 英语中，有些及物动词除能跟宾语外，有时还须加一个补 足语，句意才能完整。 宾语宾语补足语称为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间 有着逻辑上的主谓关系。例如： We elected Liu Lei monitor.我们选刘磊当班长。 The news made him unhappy. 这个消息使他很不愉快。 You shouldnt let him go there alone. 你不应当让他一个人去那儿。 I had the bike repaired.我找人把自行车修好了。 I feel it very pleasant to be with your family. 我感觉跟你们一家人在一起很愉快。 Please keep the classroom clean.请保持教室清洁。 温故知新练一练 指出下列句子中的宾语和宾语补足语 1The sun keeps us warm. 答案：The sun keeps u war. s 宾语 m 宾补 2The woman caught her husband reading her diary. 答案：The woman caught . her husband 宾语 reading her diary 宾补 3My father saw her steal the money. 答案：My father saw he . r 宾语 steal the money 宾补 4I prefer you to stay with us. 答案：I prefer yo . u 宾语 to stay with us 宾补 5You may leave the child in my care. 答案：You may leave . the child 宾语 in my care 宾补 五、主语系动词表语 知新讲一讲 此句型中的谓语动词为连系动词，作表语成分的有形容词、 名词、代词、分词、不定式、介词短语等。常见的系动词有 be, feel, taste, smell, sound, seem, look (看起来), get (变), go(变), become (变), turn (变)，come (变)等。例如： The story sounds interesting. 那个故事听起来很有趣。 Her dream has come true. 她的梦想实现了。 My books are on the desk. 我的书在书桌上。 The food seems to be nice.这食物似乎不错。 Suddenly he became angry.突然他生气了。 在使用本句型时，要注意英汉表达的不同，例如： 我累了。 I tired. I am tired. 他在家。 He at home. He is at home. 这个男孩十二岁了。 The boy twelve. The boy is twelve. 温故知新练一练 .指出下列句子中的主语、系动词和表语 1His wish is to become a scientist. 答案： i . His wish 主语 s 系动词 to become a scientist 表语 2The motor is out of order. 答案：The_moto i . r 主语 s 系动词 out of order 表语 3The weather is getting quite warm. 答案： is_gettin quite war. The weather 主语 g 系动词 m 表语 4Silk feels soft and smooth. 答案：Sil feel . k 主语 s 系动词 soft and smooth 表语 5The plan sounds perfect. 答案： sound perfec. The plan 主语 s 系动词 t 表语 .汉译英 1老师生气了。 答案：