1、新高一必修一新高一必修一 Unit 4 Friends forever学案学案 主题思维导图主题思维导图 Different kinds of friends Acquaintance(n):泛泛之交 Close friends Bosom friend:知己 Buddy:朋友,同伴(常用语男性之间) Childhood sweethearts: Pen pal Comrade:同志 Net friend: Positive (v):respectunderstandaccompany: Sharecooperateforgive Trustcongratulate (n): harmonyu
2、nderstandingcongratulation (adj):harmonious:friendly Considerate:体贴的admirable:值得赞赏的,可钦佩的 Respectfulprecious Gratefulsincere Modestreliable:可新来的 Patient (vp):be ready to help others Be concerned about Share . with. Depend/rely on. Have sth in common Get on/along well with. Be on good terms with sb=be
3、 good with. Negative (n):tolerance:忍受 Prejudice: (adj): rudeimpoliteselfishproud (vp): be done with sb:与.某人绝交 Be bored withbe fed up with=put up with Be to blame:应受责备have words with. 佳句锦集佳句锦集 1. Walking with a friend in the dark is better than walking alone in the light.-Helen Keller 2. There is not
4、hing on this earth more to be prized/precious than true friendship. 3. A friend is what the heart needs all the time. 4. Friends show their love in times of trouble, not in happiness. 5. My best friend is the who brings out the best in me.最好的朋友促使我变成做好的自己。 6. A good book is the best of friends, the s
5、ame today and forever.好书如挚友,情谊永不渝。 7. a life without a friend is a life without a sun. 夯实词汇夯实词汇 一Mean(vt)-meant-meant:意味着,意思是有.的目的,打算 (adj):吝啬的;刻薄的,不善良的-(反)generous-(n):generosity Mean to do sth:打算做某事 Had meant to do sth:本打算做某事 Be meant for.:注定适合. Be meant to do sth:应该做某事;意在做某事 Be mean with.:在.方面吝啬
6、Be mean to sb:对某人吝啬 二Lose track of.:与.失去联系=lose touch with.;.忘记; Keep track of.:记录;与.保持联系=get in touch with Be out of touch with sb-(反义) keep in touch with/ be in touch with sb 三三Familiar(adj):熟悉的熟悉的familiarity(n):熟悉,精通熟悉,精通 Sth be familiar to sb= be known to sb Sb be familiar with sth 四四Prefer(vt):
7、更喜欢,更愿意更喜欢,更愿意preference(n):偏爱;偏爱的事物;优惠偏爱;偏爱的事物;优惠 A preference for.:对.的偏爱 Give (a) preference to.:给.以优惠;优待 In preference to sth/sb:而不是 五五Advance(n):进步,进展;前进,行进;预存款进步,进展;前进,行进;预存款 (v):前进,行进;发展,进步;促进,推动前进,行进;发展,进步;促进,推动 Advanced(adj):先进的,高级的先进的,高级的 ;预先的,事先的预先的,事先的 advancement(n):发展,前进;提升发展,前进;提升 Make
8、 an advance/advances in.:在.方面取得进展=make progress in. In advance:预先,事先=ahead of time In advance of:在.前面; (发展上)超前 Advance on/towards:朝向.前进+across/through:前进穿过. Not to advance is to go back:不进则退 六六Remain(系(系 v):仍然是,保持;仍然是,保持;(vi):逗留,不离去;剩余,遗留(不用进行和被动逗留,不离去;剩余,遗留(不用进行和被动) ; 仍需做(或说,处理)仍需做(或说,处理) Remains(n
9、):剩余物,剩饭菜;遗迹;遗骸剩余物,剩饭菜;遗迹;遗骸 Remaining(adj):留下的,剩余的;还需要处理的(常用作前置定语)-left 剩下的(前置) Remain to be done:尚待.,有待. There remain/remains.:还有. It remains to be seen.:尚不确定/说不准 七七Be up to sth/sb:正在干,从事着(尤指坏事正在干,从事着(尤指坏事) ;在捣鬼;在捣鬼; 是是.的职责的职责/责任;由责任;由.决定决定 (体力或智力上)能胜任(体力或智力上)能胜任 Its up to sb to do sth:由某人决定做某事 It
10、s up to sb +whether +从句:是否.由某人决定 Its up to you .:你决定吧 八八Maintain(vt):保持;维持;坚称保持;维持;坚称maintenance(n):维护,保养维护,保养 九九Enable(vt):使可能;使发生;使有机会;使成为可能使可能;使发生;使有机会;使成为可能 Disable(vt):使伤残;使残废使伤残;使残废 Enable . to do sth:使.能够/有机会做某事;使.做某事成为可能 En-en(v): Enrich:使丰富 Endanger:使遭危险 Enjoyencourageshortenbroadensharpens
11、trengthen:加强,增强 十十Unusual(adj):不寻常的,罕见的;独特的;与众不同的不寻常的,罕见的;独特的;与众不同的 Un-:表示:表示“相反的相反的”状态状态 Unknownunsafeunpleasantuntrueunmarried Un-:表示表示“相反的相反的”动作动作 Unbutton:解开.的纽扣undo:解开 Undress:(给.)脱衣服unlock:开锁 Unfold:展开unpack:打开(箱包等)a pack of.:一盒,一包. 十一十一Keep. in mind:将将.记在心里;记起记在心里;记起 Keep in mind that.:记住记住.
12、Change ones mind:改变主意/想法come to mind:突然记起(或想到) Fix ones mind on:把注意力集中在. Be/ go out of ones mind:心智失常,发疯 Make up ones mind (to do sth):下定决心/做出决定(做某事) Bring/call.to mind:想起.;使想起. Take ones mind off sth:暂时将某事忘记,转移一下注意力 Out of sight, out of mind:眼不见,心不烦 十二十二Tend(v):往往会,常常就;趋向,倾向,易于做某事;照料,照管,护理;往往会,常常就;
13、趋向,倾向,易于做某事;照料,照管,护理; Tendency(n):倾向,趋势倾向,趋势 Tend to do sth:常常会做某事 Tend to /towards sth:趋向,趋于. Tend (to) sb /sth:照料.=attend to sb/sth Have a tendency to do sth:有做某事的倾向 十三十三Present(v):展现展现,显示显示;把把.交给交给,颁发颁发,授予授予;到场到场,出现出现;(n):礼物礼物,赠品赠品;目前目前; (adj):当前的,现存的;出席,在场(后置定语)当前的,现存的;出席,在场(后置定语) Presence(n)-ab
14、sence(n): Present oneself:展示自己 Present sth to sb/ present sb with sth:将某物授予/赠与某人 At the present time=at present:目前 For the present=for the time being:暂且,暂时 Be present at:出席.be absent from.:缺席 In /during ones presence=in the presence of sb:在某人面前;有某人在场 In /during ones absence:某人不在时 十四十四表语从句位于系动词后表语从句位
15、于系动词后,常用常用 Be 连接连接,where 引导的表语从句有时含有引申意义引导的表语从句有时含有引申意义, : “在某一点上在某一点上” 主语为主语为 reason 时,表语从句的连接词用时,表语从句的连接词用 that Eg. Thats where she has mistaken. 十五十五Prove(vt):证明,证实;证明,证实;(系系 v):证明是,被发现是证明是,被发现是proof(n):证据,证明证据,证明 Prove that.:证明. Prove +n:证明. Prove sb (to be)+n/adj:证明某人(是). Its proved that.:已经证明.
16、 Theres (no) proof that.:(没)有证据证明. 十六十六Encouragement(n):鼓励,鼓舞;激励鼓励,鼓舞;激励encouragediscourage:使灰心;劝阻使灰心;劝阻 Discourage sb from doing sth:劝阻某人做某事 十七十七Comfort(vt):安慰,抚慰安慰,抚慰(un):安慰,慰藉;舒适感;安慰,慰藉;舒适感;(cn):安慰者;慰藉物安慰者;慰藉物 Discomfort(n):不舒服,不适不舒服,不适comfortable(adj)-(adv):comfortably -uncomfortable One glass o
17、f comfort:一杯安慰 In comfort:舒适地 A few words of comfort:几句安慰的话 It is a comfort to do sth:做.是件令人安慰的事 十八十八Patience(un):耐心,忍耐力;耐心,忍耐力;-(adj):patient-(adv):patiently Impatience:不耐烦,无耐心不耐烦,无耐心 Be /out of patience with.:对.失去耐心/无法忍受 Have no patience with.:对.没有耐心,无法忍受. Lose ones patience:失去耐心 With patience:耐心地
18、 Try ones patience:考验某人的耐心极限 Patience is a virtue. 十九十九Quality(cn):人品,素质,品德;人品,素质,品德; (c/un):质量,品质质量,品质 Of good/high/low quality:质量好/高/低 In quality:在质量上 二十二十Anxious(adj):焦虑的焦虑的 ,担心的;渴望的,担心的;渴望的(adv):anxiously:焦虑地,不安地焦虑地,不安地 Anxiety(n):担心,忧虑;渴望担心,忧虑;渴望 With anxiety:焦虑地 Anxiety about/over.:对.的焦虑 Anxie
19、ty for.:对.的渴望 Be anxious for s/about sb/sth:为.担心/担忧 Be anxious for=be eager for =be keen on.:渴望. Be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事 Be anxious that.(should) do sth:渴望.做某事 二十一二十一Be set in:以以.为背景为背景 Set:开始开始:1: set off(for)=set out(for):动身出发动身出发(去去.) ;引发引发,激起激起(使使)爆炸爆炸 2:set out:开始,着手做+to do sth 设立,树立 1:set u
20、p:设立,建立,创建;安排 2:set sb a good example=set a good example to sb Set aside:留出(钱或时间) ;把.放到一边 Set down:写下,记下=write down ;让某人下车 Set back:使推迟,耽误 二十二二十二Fortune(cn):巨款巨款(un):命运,运气;幸运命运,运气;幸运 Fortunate(adj):幸运的幸运的-unfortunate(adj):(adv):fortunately Make a/ones fortune:发财致富 Try ones fortune:碰运气 Have the good/
21、bad fortune to do .:有幸/不幸做. Seek ones fortune:寻找发财的机会 Be fortunate/lucky to do sth:有幸做某事 Be fortunate in doing sth:做某事很幸运 The less fortunate:穷苦人 二十三二十三Distance(vt):使与使与.保持距离;撇清与保持距离;撇清与.的关系的关系 (n):距离,间距,间隔;冷淡,疏远距离,间距,间隔;冷淡,疏远 Distant(adj):遥远的遥远的,久远的久远的;远处的远处的;远亲的远亲的-(adv):distantly:远地远地;冷淡地冷淡地;远远 亲关
22、系地亲关系地 Distance yourself (from sth):撇清你自己(与.) In the distance:在远处,在远方 From/at a distance:从远处,离一段距离+of:+具体距离 Keep.at a distance:与.保持一定距离,疏远,冷淡 Keep ones distance from.:与.保持距离;疏远,避免与.亲近 Keep. at an arms distance:与.保持一臂的距离 Be distant from.:离.远 二十四二十四Ought to do:=should:应该应该-不应该:不应该:oughtnt to do sth Ou
23、ght to have done sth:过去本该做某事 二十五二十五Alive(adj):活着,有活力;激动兴奋活着,有活力;激动兴奋(-人人/物物-可表可后定)可表可后定) Living(adj):活着的;在使用的(-人/物-前置定语) Live(adj):活着的;(前置定语) :现场直播的,现场演出的 Lively(adj):生气勃勃的,充满趣味的(-人/物-可表,定,补语) 二十六二十六Worth(adj):(指行动)值得,有价值;(指行动)值得,有价值;(用(用 well 修饰修饰) (表,后定)(表,后定) :有:有.价值,值价值,值.钱;钱;(n):价值价值=value;价值价值
24、.的东西的东西 Worthy(adj)(前置定语(前置定语:有价值的,值得敬仰的;有价值的,值得敬仰的;)(表语:值得(表语:值得.的)的) Worthwhile(adj):(表或定语(表或定语) :值得花时间(努力等:值得花时间(努力等) ,值得做的,值得做的 1: Sth is worth +n/pron:某事值得. Sth is (well) worth doing:某事(很)值得 Its well worth doing sth:做某事是很值得的 Sth is worth it.:.是值得的 2: sth /sb is worthy of+ n:某事/某人值得. Sth is wort
25、hy of being done:某事值得做 Sth is worthy to be done:某事值得做 3: it is worthwhile doing sth:做某事是值得的 It is worthwhile to do sth:做某事是值得的 二十七二十七Turn up:调大声;偶然出现;到达,来到,露面调大声;偶然出现;到达,来到,露面; (尤指失去后偶然)被发现,被(尤指失去后偶然)被发现,被 找到;找到; Turn down:拒绝,把拒绝,把.调低;调低; Turn away:把把(脸)转过去;赶走脸)转过去;赶走turn sb away:不让某人进入;拒绝某人不让某人进入;拒
26、绝某人 Turn in:上交,交还上交,交还turn over:翻身,翻转;移交翻身,翻转;移交 Turn around:转身,翻转;转身,翻转;turn out:结果是,证明是在场,出席,生产结果是,证明是在场,出席,生产 二十八二十八Appoint(vt):安排,确定(时间,地点安排,确定(时间,地点) ;任命,委任;任命,委任-(n):appointment Appointed time:预约的时间appointed place:预约的地点 Appoint .(for sth):(为某事)确定. Appoint sb as:任命某人担任某职务appoint sb to sth:把某人任命
27、到某职位 Appoint sb to do sth:委派某人做某事 Have an appointment with sb:与某人有约定 Make an appointment with sb:与某人定一个约定 Make an appointment to do sth:预约做某事 Keep/break an appointment:恪守约定/未赴约 二十九二十九Strike-struck-struck-striking(vt):划火柴划火柴;敲敲,报时报时;撞击撞击,碰撞碰撞;打击打击; (灾难灾难,疾疾 病病)侵袭侵袭,爆发爆发;给给.印象印象;打动打动,把把.迷住迷住;使使(寒气寒气,恐
28、惧等恐惧等)侵入侵入,进入进入;突然想到突然想到 (n):罢工罢工 Strike sb+介词+the +身体部位:击打某人某处 Be struck by.:被.打动 Strike sb as sth:给某人以.印象 Strike.into ones heart:使.进入某人心中,使某人感到. Sth strikes sb:某人突然想到. It strikes sb that/how/what.:某人突然想到. Be (out) on strike:在罢工 Come out on/ go on strike:举行罢工 三十三十. What if the only way of getting n
29、ews from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered?如果如果.将会怎么样?将会怎么样?+陈述或虚拟陈述或虚拟 差距词汇差距词汇 1. Casual(adj):漫不经心的;随随便便的漫不经心的;随随便便的 2. Secure(vt):确保,使安全确保,使安全 3. Acquaintance(n):熟人;交情熟人;交情 4. Company(n) :陪伴:陪伴 5. Decline(vi):减少,下降减少,下降 6. Capture(vt):记录,描述记录,描述 7. Put oneself in
30、ones shoes:设身处地为某人着想设身处地为某人着想 8. Abandon oneself to sth:陷入(某种感情)陷入(某种感情) Grammar -关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句 .基本概述基本概述 :修饰主句中某一名词名词/代词代词的从句作定语,定语,叫定语从句;定从所修饰名词或代词叫先行词名词或代词叫先行词 1.定语从句分类:定语从句分类:限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 2.关系词分类(关系代词:关系词分类(关系代词:that, which,who,whom,whose, as) (和关系副词和关系副词:when, where, why) 3.关系代词的作用:
31、关系代词的作用:连接主从句且指代先行词 : 关系代词在从句中充当句子成分,而关系副词不影响句子可作状语关系代词在从句中充当句子成分,而关系副词不影响句子可作状语 . 关系代词的基本用法(在从句中可作主,宾,表成分)关系代词的基本用法(在从句中可作主,宾,表成分) 只指人只指人只指物只指物人物皆可人物皆可 Who ,whom(宾语宾语)whichthat, whose, as .关系词倾向选择情况关系词倾向选择情况 1. 只用只用 which 不用不用 that 情况情况 (1):当先行词为 that 时Eg. Whats that which he asked for? (2):在有“, ”的
32、非限制性定语从句中 (3):当关系代词后面有插入语时 Eg. This is the book which, I think, can help improve your English. 2. 只用只用 who 不用不用 that 和情况和情况 (1):先行词是指人的不定代词时,如 one,anyone, no one,all ,nobody,anybody,none 等 或 those 或被 those 修饰指人时 Eg. The student you should learn from is the one who wors hard and studies well. 3. 只用只用
33、 that 不用不用 which 情况情况 (1):当先行词是 all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none,few 等不等不 定代词时定代词时 (2):当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰序数词或被序数词修饰 (3):先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰最高级或被最高级修饰 (4):先行词被 all,no,few,any,little,some ,much,the last,the only, the very 等修饰时等修饰时 (5):先行词既有人人也有物物时 (6):当主句是以以 who 或或 which 开头的特殊疑问句开头的特
34、殊疑问句时,为了避免重音,一般用 that (7):先行词和关系代词:先行词和关系代词同时作表语时表语时 Eg. Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. (8):当主句以 here,there 开头时开头时 . 定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致 :定语从句的谓语动词的人称和数一般与先行词的人称和数保持一致。:定语从句的谓语动词的人称和数一般与先行词的人称和数保持一致。 注意:注意:one of +可数名词复数+定语从句: (从句中动词用复数)复数) The only one of+可数名词复数+定语从句(从句中谓语动词用单数)单数)