1、Day- 9 【Todays words】 去某地：head to sp逃：escape 追：chase after/run after追求：pursue, 抓：seize/grab/scratch(抓门)摔倒:crash down， 【Todays phrase:】bring up 车（船），停下呕吐提出教育，培养 【口诀】：车一停下，他的呕吐就停止了，我们提出休息一会，可他说要急于见到培养他 的父老乡亲。 【Todays sentence】I clasped(紧握） my teachers hand, feeling a warm current（暖 流） coursing through
2、 my body. 【Todays grammar】 教学内容：简单句的分类、简单句的用法教学内容：简单句的分类、简单句的用法 考点考点 1：简单句的分类：简单句的分类 知识点：简单句分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。 陈述句分为肯定句、否定句 疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句 考点考点 2：简单句的用法：简单句的用法 知识点： 陈述句是用来说明事实或陈述看法的句子。从对意义的肯定与否定来讲，又分为肯定 句和否定句。 He is writing a letter now.他现在正在写信。 She doesnt like any birds.她不喜欢鸟。 一、一、肯定句肯定句 就是
3、对某种事实、看法加以肯定。它必须具备主语和谓语两个基本部分。为了使陈述的 事实或内容更加完整、详细，在陈述句中还需要用上表示时间、地点、方式等的状语。通 常情况下，时间、地点和方式状语放在句末；若同时出现这三种状语，排列顺序为方式、 地点和时间。 He likes watching TV in the evening.他喜欢在晚上看电视。 We are walking by the river.我们正在河边散步。 Sam goes to school by car.萨姆坐车去上学。 We listened to the teacher carefully in the classroom in
4、 the morning. 二、否定句二、否定句 (1)直接加 not 构成否定句 若肯定句中含有 be 动词、 助动词或情态动词，只需在其后加 not 即可把肯定句变为否定句。 She isnt a nurse.她不是一名护士。 They havent finished the work yet. 他们还没完成工作。 She cant sing English songs. 她不会唱英文歌。 We wont visit the farm next week. 下周我们不去参观农场。 (2)需要借助于助动词构成否定句 如果句子的谓语是行为动词，在一般现在时中，在行为动词前加 dont 或 do
5、esnt 构成否定 句；在一般过去时中，在行为动词前加 didnt 构成否定句。 He gets up early every day.He doesnt get up early every day. They play basketball every afternoon. They dont play basketball every afternoon. He studied at that school three years ago. He didnt study at that school three years ago. 注意 dont、doesnt 或 didnt 后谓语动
6、词使用原形。 (3)由 little、few、hardly、never 等构成否定句 little、few、hardly、never、seldom、no 等属于否定词，可构成否定句。 We have little time.Hurry up! 我们几乎没有时间了，快点！ There are few people on the island.岛上几乎没有人。 They seldom watch TV. 他们很少看电视。 There were hardly sheep on the hills. 山上几乎没有绵羊。 Ive never been to England. 我从来没有去过英国。 He
7、has no sisters or brothers. 他没有兄弟姐妹。 注意用于名词前的 no 相当于 not a/an 或 not any。 He has no pens.He doesnt have any pens.他没有钢笔。 We have no milk.We dont have any milk.我们没有牛奶。 (4)两者之间的全部否定和部分否定 两者之间的全部否定用 neither.nor.或 neither of.；部分否定用 both.not.。 Neither Tom nor I am right.汤姆和我都不对。 Neither of us can speak Chi
8、nese.我俩都不会说汉语。 Both of them dont like swimming.他们俩并非都喜欢游泳。 (5)三者或三者以上的全部否定和部分否定 三者及三者以上的全部否定用 none、 nothing、 nobody、 no one 等； 部分否定使用 all、 many、 everyone 等加 not 构成。 None of the people are workers.这些人都不是工人。 Nothing can stop him now.现在没有什么能够阻止他。 Nobody has been there before.以前没有人去过那儿。 Not all are ours
9、.并非所有的都是我们的。 Not many students like singing.并非很多学生都喜欢唱歌。 Not everyone is right.并非人人都是正确的。 三、祈使句三、祈使句 1.祈使句用来表示命令、 请求、 建议或劝告对方做某事或不要做某事等。 祈使句常省略主语， 谓语动词用原形。祈使句主要有下列几种形式： (1)“Be形容词”型 肯定式：Be形容词否定式：Dont be形容词 Be quiet, please. 请安静。Dont be late next time. 下次不要迟到了。 (2)行为动词开头型 肯定式：动词原形其他否定式：Dont动词原形其他 Come
10、 here, please. 请到这儿来。Dont stand up. 不要站起来。 (3)Let 型 肯定式：Let人称代词宾格动词原形 否定式：Let人称代词宾格not动词原形 Dont let人称代词宾格动词原形 Lets talk about this problem. 咱们谈一下这个问题。 Lets not say anything about it. 对此，我们什么也不要说。 Let him go out.让他出去。 Dont let them make any noise. 让他们不要制造噪音。 (4)“No名词或动名词”型 No photos. 禁止拍照 No parking
11、here. 这里禁止停车 No smoking. 禁止吸烟。 (5)“Never动词”型 Never mind. 不要紧。Never eat too much. 不要吃太多。 2祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换 (1)“Lets动词原形”结构表建议，包括说话者和对方在内，故可以转换为“Shall we 动词原形？”结构。 Lets go fishing this afternoon.Shall we go fishing this afternoon? (2)“祈使句+and/then+简单句.”可以将祈使句转换为由 if 引导的肯定条件状语从句。 Use your head, then yo
12、ull find a way.= If you use your head, youll find a way. Work hard, and youll pass the exam.= If you work hard, youll pass the exam. (3)“祈使句or简单句”可以将祈使句转换为由 if 引导的否定条件状语从句。 Hurry up, or well be late.If we dont hurry up, well be late. 注意在将祈使句转换为条件状语从句时，从句的主语应与简单句的主语保持一致。 四、疑问句四、疑问句 1一般疑问句一般疑问句一般疑问句是指
13、可以用 yes 或 no 来回答的疑问句。 (1)谓语为 be 的情形：结构：Be主语其他？主语其他？ Are you a worker? 你是一名工人吗？ Yes, I am./No, Im not.是的，我是。/不，我不是。 Was he late yesterday? 昨天他迟到了吗？ Yes, he was./No, he wasnt.是的，他迟到了。/不，他没有迟到。 (2)行为动词前有助动词、情态动词的情形 结构：情态动词情态动词(助动词助动词)主语行为动词其他？主语行为动词其他？ Can he swim? 他会游泳吗？Yes, he can.是的，他会。 Will they co
14、me here this evening?今天晚上他们要来这儿吗？ No, they wont.不，他们不来。 Must I stay here now?现在我必须留在这里吗？ No, you neednt.不，不必要。 (3)需要借助于助动词的情形 谓语动词为行为动词的句子，则通常在句首添加助动词 do、does 或 did 来构成一般疑问句。 结构：Do/Does/Did主语谓语动词其他？主语谓语动词其他？ Do you often go fishing? 你经常去钓鱼吗？ Yes, I do. 是的，我经常去。 Does she speak French? 她讲法语吗？No, she d
15、oesnt. 不，她不讲。 Did they arrive here in time? 他们及时到达这里了吗？ Yes, they did. 是的，他们及时到了。 (4)否定式的一般疑问句 此类疑问句主要表示反问或惊讶，通常在 be 动词、情态动词或助动词后加 not，并缩写为 nt 后，再置于句首。 Arent you a writer? 难道你不是作家吗？ No, Im not. 是的，我不是。 Cant she sing? 难道她不会唱歌？Yes, she can. 不，她会唱。 Dont you know him? 你不认识他吗？Yes, I do. 不，我认识。 注意 在这样的句子中
16、，要注意句子的翻译，如 yes 翻译成“不”， no 翻译成“是的”。 2特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。 (1)语序和陈述句相同的特殊疑问句 疑问词在特殊疑问句中作主语时，句子的语序与陈述句相同。 Who will give us a talk? 谁将给我们做报告？ Which one is your friend? 哪一个是你的朋友？ 注意特殊疑问代词或词组作句子的主语时，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。 What makes you think so? 什么使你这样认为？ (2)“特殊疑问词一般疑问句”语序 当特殊疑问词作句子的宾语、状语等时，须使用“疑问词一
17、般疑问句”语序。 What did your parents buy for your birthday？(宾语)你父母为你的生日买了什么？ When do you get up every day？(时间状语)你每天什么时候起床？ (3)否定式的特殊疑问句 否定式的特殊疑问句由“特殊疑问词否定疑问句”构成， 主要表示劝告、建议或责备的 意思。 Why didnt you tell me earlier?你为什么不早点告诉我呢？ When cant he come?他什么时候不能来？ 3选择疑问句选择疑问句 提出两种或两种以上的情况并要求对方选择其中一种情况回答的问句就是选择疑问句。选 择疑问
18、句由“一般疑问句or另一个选择成分？”构成。 Do you like Tom or Jerry? 你喜欢汤姆还是杰瑞？ I like Jerry. 我喜欢杰瑞。 Will he go by train or by air? 他将乘火车还是乘飞机去？By air. 乘飞机。 Which do you like best, apples, oranges or bananas? 你最喜欢哪一样，苹果、橘子还是香蕉？ I like apples best. 我最喜欢苹果。 注意选择疑问句不能用 yes 或 no 来回答，而要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式来回答， 一定要做出选择 4反意疑问句反意疑问句
19、 反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分为陈述句，后一部分为简略的一般疑问句，这两部分 在肯定与否定方面相反，即“前肯后否或前否后肯”。附加问句的主语和谓语应与陈述部 分的主语和谓语保持一致。 You are a student, arent you?你是一名学生，不是吗？ He works hard, doesnt he?他学习努力，不是吗？ They dont like sports, do they?他们不喜欢运动，对吗？ (1)当陈述句中有 be 动词、助动词或情态动词时，此时反意疑问句的附加问句由 be、will、 have、can、could 或它们的否定形式加主语构成，而且要符合“前肯
20、后否或前否后肯”的原 则。 He will go hiking, wont he?他要去远足，不是吗？ You have had supper, havent you?你吃过晚饭了，不是吗？ She cant sing, can she? 她不会唱歌，对吗？ They are in the same class, arent they?他们在同一个班，不是吗？ (2)当陈述句中有行为动词时，此时反意疑问句的附加问句由“dont/doesnt/didnt主语？” 或“do/does/did主语？”构成。 Tom likes skating,doesnt he?汤姆喜欢滑冰，不是吗？ You do
21、nt often play football, do you?你不经常踢足球，对吗？ They didnt go there, did they?他们没有去那里，对吗？ (3)当陈述句为 there be 句型时，此时附加问句的谓语用和陈述部分相对应的助动词，而主 语用 there。 There arent many books on the desk, are there? 课桌上没有很多书，对吗？ There used to be a house there, didnt there?那儿过去有一幢房子，不是吗？ (4)当陈述句为 I am.时，此时附加问句要用 arent I。 I am
22、 your first friend, arent I?我是你的第一个朋友，不是吗？ (5)当前半部分是以行为动词开头的祈使句时，附加问句用 will you 或 wont you, 有时也用 would you、can you 等；在否定祈使句中，附加问句一般用 will you。 Please open the door, will/wont you?请开一下门，好吗？/好不好？ Dont be late next time, will you?下次别迟到了，好吗？ (6)当前半部分是以 Lets.开头的祈使句时，附加问句用 shall we；以 Let us.或 Let me.开 头的祈
23、使句，附加问句用 will you。 Lets have a rest, shall we?我们休息一会儿，好吗？ Let us sing a song, will you?让我们一起唱首歌，好吗？ (7)当陈述部分含有 little(几乎没有)、few、never、hardly、seldom、no、nobody、nothing、 nowhere 等否定词或半否定词时，附加问句部分要用肯定形式。 She has few friends, does she?她几乎没有朋友，对吗？ He has never been there, has he? 他从没去过那儿，对吗？ (8)当陈述部分的主语为下
24、列词汇时 当陈述部分主语为 everybody、everyone、nobody、no one、someone、somebody 等指人 的不定代词时，附加问句的主语通常用 they 或 he。 No one left, did they？没有人离开，对吗？ Nobody is away, are they? 没有人离开，对吗？ Someone is coming after us, isnt he?有人跟踪我们，对不对？ 当陈述部分主语为 everything、something、nothing 等指物的不定代词时，附加问句的 主语通常用 it。 Nothing is serious, is
25、it? 不严重，对吧？ Everything is ready, isnt it?一切都准备好了，是不是？ (9)当陈述部分中含有 un、in、im、il、ir、dis 等表否定前缀或有 less 表否定后缀的词时， 附加问句仍用否定形式。 He dislikes pop music, doesnt he?他不喜欢流行音乐，是不是？ The boy is very careless, isnt he?这个男孩很粗心，是不是？ (10)当陈述部分为复合句时，附加问句部分一般要根据主句的主谓形式来确定。 当主句的主语是第一人称 I/we, 其谓语动词又是 think、 suppose、 expec
26、t、 believe、 imagine 等时，反意疑问句部分的主语和谓语一般应与从句一致。应特别注意否定的转移。 We believe that it was a mistake, wasnt it?我们相信那是一个错误，对不对？ Im afraid that you have to stay here, dont you?恐怕你得待在这儿，是不是？ I dont think he likes playing football, does he?我认为他不喜欢踢足球，对吗？ We dont believe that he has been toAmerica, has he？ 我们相信他没去过
27、美国，对吗？ 当陈述部分是其他情况的主从复合句结构时，附加问句以主句为准。 She says she will visit her aunt, doesnt she?她说她要去看望她阿姨，不是吗？ They thought that was a right answer, didnt they？ 他们认为那是一个正确答案，不是吗？ Hell tell you if he gets the news, wont he? 如果他得到消息，他就会告诉你，是不是？ 5.感叹句感叹句 感叹句就是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子感叹句就是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。 感叹句一般以 what 或 ho
28、w 引导， 句末 加感叹号“！”。what 修饰名词， how 修饰形容词或副词。 1以以 what 引导的感叹句引导的感叹句 (1) “Whata/an形容词单数可数名词(主语谓语)！ ” 或 “What不可数名词(主 语谓语)！” What fun! 多好玩啊！ What a beautiful skirt (it is)!多漂亮的一条裙子啊！ (2)What形容词复数/不可数名词(主语谓语)! What delicious milk (it is)! 多么可口的牛奶啊！ What good students (they are)!他们是多好的学生啊！ 2以以 how 引导的感叹句引导的感
29、叹句 (1)How形容词/副词主语谓语！ How beautiful she is! 她真漂亮！ How fast he is running! 他跑得多快啊！ (2)How主语谓语！ How time flies! 时间过得真快！ How I wish to meet him soon! 我多么希望马上就见到他啊！ 3特殊形式的感叹句特殊形式的感叹句 (1)在陈述句或疑问句句末加感叹号，表示某种强烈的感情。 He is a careful man! 他是一位细心的男士！ Have you ever seen such an amazing movie before! 你以前看过这么神奇的电影
30、吗！ (2)用词或词组表示的感叹句。 Wonderful! 妙极了！ Good idea! 好主意！ 【练习】 1._ beautiful watch youve got! I want one like yours, too. A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a 2.You can look after yourself well when you are away,_? Of course. Dont worry. A.can youB. cant youC. will youD. wont you 3.We missed the dancing competit
31、ion. _.Better times are waiting for you. A.Cheer up.B.Best wishes.C.You did?D.Lucky you. 4.We won the basketball mach yesterday. _.I hope you will win again nest time. A. Good ideaB. Thars rightC. Well doneD. Sorry, I cant 5.Im afraid I cant pass the exam. _.The more you worry about it, the worse yo
32、u will do in the exam. A. Thank youB. Take it easyC. You are welcomeD. Good luck 6. Shall we make a cake for Tina as a birthday gift? _.It will give her a big surprise. A. Good ideaB. Its a pityC. No wayD. Never mind 7.Lingling_ you ever_ .the filmAquaman? Of course, its a wonderful film. A. did.see
33、B. have.seenC. do.seeD.were.seeing 8.Good luck for the Year of the Pig Mum.Thanks, dear_. A.I hope so.B.The same to youC.That all rightD. Youre welcome. 9.Ive lost the chance to study in England. _! But never give up. you can try next year: A. Good luckB. CongratulationsC. Thats a pityD. Come on 10.
34、Paul, its getting cold. _take a sweater with you? All right, Mom. A. Why notB. What aboutC. Would you likeD. Youd better 【练习二 完形填空】 Last spring, Ann fell in love with kite boarding, an adventure sport that combines surfing and sailing. She got a kite board, took some _1_and a few months later drove
35、out to the Panana River. There she met John, who offered to help her _2_her skills. One day, John _3_Ann while his wife, Nancy, stayed behind on a Jet Ski(摩托艇) _4_Ann got into trouble. After John gave her a few _5_ he took off. Hed sailed about a mile down the river when he felt the wind _6_. He kne
36、w that the stronger the wind grew, the more _7_ it would be for Ann to control her board. _8_, he turned and started sailing back towards the two women. Ann had already decided to _9_for shore. The wind was too strong for her to handle the kite. She prepared to land her _10_by releasing one of the f
37、our lines that kept the sail in the air._11_she didnt have a chance. She was thrown over the water, still _12_ to the kite. Seconds later, a huge wind sent the kite upward. Even more dangerous, the sails lines started to twist(扭) together, round and round. Ann_13_ to free from the kite. But she fail
38、ed. Nancy was several hundred feet away on the Jet Ski and couldnt get to her _14_enough to help. By then, John had closed in and Ann felt John _15_ her out of the water. As she held his arm, he tried to pull the handle but couldnt _16_it. Then suddenly, John let go. At that point, Ann was sure she
39、would die without him holding _17_her. But John had seen Nancy approaching and_18_ that hed have a better chance of helping Ann. He jumped onto the Jet Ski. As the kite dived down, with all his _19_, he jumped from the Jet Ski onto the kite and dragged it to the water. Finally Ann was saved. This ex
40、perience hasnt kept Ann from loving kiteboarding. “Life is fragile (脆弱的）,but its meant to be _20_,” she says. 1.A. lecturesB. lessonsC. skillsD. measures 2.A. improveB. discoverC. requireD. show 3.A. expectedB. instructedC. controlledD. saved 4.A. untilB. in order thatC. sinceD. in case 5.A. sailsB.
41、 chancesC. tipsD. handles 6.A. break outB. fade awayC. pick upD. die down 7.A. challengingB. excitingC. unusualD. frightening 8.A. DelightedB. ShockedC. DiscouragedD. Worried 9A. headB. lookC. swimD. row 10.A. feetB. kiteC. boatD. line 11.A. SoB. AndC. OrD. But 12.A. appliedB. appealedC. attachedD.
42、added 13A. managedB. attemptedC. demandedD. advised , 14A. quicklyB. nearlyC. slowlyD. bravely 15A. fetchB. bringC. liftD. put 16A. reachB. senseC. removeD. feel 17A. downB. outC. backD. onto 18A. doubtedB. figuredC. insistedD. pretended 19A. heartB. techniqueC. strengthD. consideration 20A. enjoyed
43、B. pleasedC. pushedD. spent 【今日作业】 1. Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade. She wasnt my _1_she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡逻)on which I_2_ . I loved being around her and_3_ her sense of humor and kind personality. She was_4_
44、a good listener. At the end of the year, she _5_that she was moving to Florida, and I was very sad. We exchanged _6_and became pen pals. I could tell her_7_ and she treated me_8_respect even though I was a teenager. In Florida, Mrs. Freeman became a Realtor (房地产经纪人), _9_ _she managed to find ti me t
45、o write letters. She wrote_10_stories and always took my concerns_11_ She had given me a(n)_12_ invitation to visit, and I missed her so much. When I_13_ to take her up on the_14_ , she answered, Get your shoes on and your bags_15_ ! You are welcome anytime! I spentthreeweekswithherin Miami.Her_16_o
46、f poetry,music,andcreative writing_17_ me to follow these endeavors(努力). One day_18_ hanging sheets on the clothesline, she _ _19_and said, You know, the sky is fuel for the soul. I had never looked at the_20_before hearingthose words. Later that year, I received a call that Mrs. Freeman had died. 1
47、.A. motherB. friendC. classmateD. teacher 2.A. servedB. advisedC. expectedD. led 3.A. sharedB. enjoyedC. imaginedD. found 4.A. suchB. justC. stillD. also 5.A. knewB. announcedC. thoughtD. realized 6A. addressesB. giftsC. viewsD. roles 7.A. anythingB. nothingC. everythingD. something 8.A. inB. asC. w
48、ithD. to 9.A. soB. butC. orD. for 10.A. amusingB. differentC. emotionalD. ordinary 11.A. immediatelyB. carefullyC. seriouslyD. privately 12.A. urgentB. luckyC. ambiguousD. open 13.A. decidedB. hesitatedC. wroteD. hurried 14.A. offerB. promiseC. excuseD. message 15.A. boughtB. foundC. filledD. packed 16A. loveB. dreamC. senseD. feeling 17.A. persuadedB. encouragedC. forced .D. allowed 18.A. beforeB. onceC. whileD. after 19.A. looked overB. looked outC. looked upD. looked down 20.A. cloudsB. flowersC. peopleD. houses
