1、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语的区别 定语从句可分为两类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。那么，两者之 间有何区别呢？下面笔者结合近几年的高考题分析二者的不同点。 一、一、含义有所不同含义有所不同 限制性定语从句表示所谈的是哪个人及哪件事。比如说 I met the man 所指何人不清楚，因此要说I met the man who lives next door 。而非限制 性定语从句对所谈的人、物或群体只提供进一步的信息，无需对他们加以确定。 比如说 I saw Michael Jordan 时，很清楚指的是谁。但若要进一步说明 Michael Jorda
2、n，则可说 I saw Michael Jordan, who is the greatest NBA star 。请比较以下例句： 1. A person whosewhose e-maile-mail accountaccount isis fullfull wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. （限制性定语从句） 2. Many children, whosewhose parentsparents areare awayaway workingworking inin bigbig citiescities, are taken go
3、od care of in the village.（非限制性定语从句） 3. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, wherewhere theythey learnlearn simplesimple gamesgames andand songssongs.（非限制性定语从句） 4. Mozarts birthplace and the house wherewhere hehe composedcomposed TheThe MagicMagic FluteFluteare both museums now.（限制性定语从句
4、） 二、二、标点有所不同标点有所不同 限制性定语从句前后绝不用逗号或破折号；而在句子中间，非限制性定语从 句的前、后都用逗号，但在主句后面时，在从句句末用句号。破折号有时也可用 来代替逗号。例如： 1. Life is like a long race wherewhere wewe competecompete withwith othersothers toto gogo beyondbeyond ourselvesourselves. 2. Whenever I met her, whichwhich waswas fairlyfairly oftenoften, she greeted
5、 me with a sweet smile. 3. He was educated at a local grammar school, afterafter whichwhich hehe wentwent onon toto CambridgeCambridge. 4. I want to see you at 12 oclock, whenwhen youyou gogo toto youryour lunchlunch.(=I want to see you at 12 oclock - whenwhen youyou gogo toto youryour lunchlunch. 三
6、、三、关系代词有所不同关系代词有所不同 1. 在限制性定语从句中，可以用关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose， 但是在非限制性定语从句中，不能用 that。例如： 1) Please send us all the information thatthat you have about the candidate for the position. 2) Well reach the sales targets in a month whichwhich we set at the beginning of the year. 3) The boy whowho
7、 is studying in the famous primary school is my son. 4) The boy to whomwhom I talked just now is studying in the famous primary school. 5) The road conditions there turned out to be very good, whichwhich was more than we could expect. 2. 在限制性定语从句中，that 在从句中做宾语时，通常可以省略；而在非 限制性定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作宾语时，不可省略。
8、例如： 1) Hes a man people like at first sight. （省略了 that/who） 2) Ive lost the bananas I bought this morning. （省略了 that/which） 3) I passed him a glass of beer, whichwhich he drank immediately. （which 不可 省略） 四、四、先行词有所不同先行词有所不同 when, where 可以引导限制性定语从句，但是只能修饰特定名词。When-从句之前 必须有 time 或表示一段时间的名称， 如 day 或 yea
9、r 等。 Where- 从句前必须有 place 或表示地点的名称，如 room 或 street 等。例如： 1. This is thethe yearyear whenwhen his son will take part in the college entrance examinations. 2. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for thethe timetime whenwhen he should be able to be independent. 3. A bank is theth
10、e placeplace wherewhere they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it when it begins to rain. When/ where 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰的先行词一般是听话人很明确的表 示时间或地点的名词。像 London 这样的专有名词，后面不跟限制性定语从句。 4. He came from LondonLondon, where I had once spent a holiday. 5. My fondest memory is of lastlast yearyear, whe
11、n the club gave a tea part for the Queen Mother. 6. Opposite is St.St. PaulPauls s ChurchChurch, where you can hear some lovely music. Where 还 可 用 于 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 中 ， 置 于 situation, stage, point, atmosphere,race 等抽象名词之后。例如： 7. In time we reached a stagestage wherewhere we had more black readers than
12、 white ones. 8. Can you think out a situationsituation wherewhere this word can be used? 9. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphereatmosphere wherewhere his employees enjoy their work. 巩固练习巩固练习 I.I. 用适当的关系代词填空。用适当的关系代词填空。 1. I know the man _ wrote the book. 2. Helen Jones is t
13、he one _ married Dr. Smith. 3. Mr. Johnson is the man _ son goes to college. 4. I received a letter _ I read immediately. 5. Mary Jones is the girl _ is getting married. 6. Theres the man _ car was hit. 7. He introduced me to the girl _ is planning to marry. 8. I bought a car _ I like very much. 9.
14、The house _ they bought cost a great deal. 10. I believe Mrs. Johnson is the person _ told me about it first. II.II. 在空白处填上适当的关系代词或关系副词。在空白处填上适当的关系代词或关系副词。 1. Among many dangers _ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. 2. A company _ profits from home markets are declining may se
15、ek opportunities abroad. 3. I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. 4. Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth. 5. The book has helped me greatly in my dail
16、y communication, especially at work _ a good impression is a must 6. China today attracts a worldwide relationship, _ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 7. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of_ uses it differently. 8. Some peopl
17、e think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends. 9. The science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. 10. We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of _ are healthy. 【参考答案】【参考答案】 I. 1. that/who2. who/that3. whose4. which/that5. that/who6. whose7. who/that8. which/that9. that/which10. that/who II. 1. which/that2. whose3. when4. where5. where6. which7. which8. which9. which10. whom
