1、1 议论文概要写作议论文概要写作 I.真题再现 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 1 Antibiotics（抗生素）, organ transplantation（器官移植）, HIV treatmentsit reads like an A to Z of medical progress. But the major progress has something in common: they were all developed and tested by using animals. Actually, animals are used for researc
2、h in a variety of fields. Whether or not humans should use animals for testing purposes, however, is a controversial（有争议的） subject. 2 Animal testing allows researchers to develop new medicine and treatments, advancing the field of medicine and improving the health of society. For example, many drugs
3、 used to treat or prevent cancer HIV, diabetes（糖尿病）, etc, have resulted from tests performed on animals. Many supporters of animal testing support the practice for this reason even if they do not support testing, or other non-essential substances) on animals. No one chooses to use animals where ther
4、e is no need. In fact, animal research has contributed to 70 percent of Nobel prizes for physiology (生理学) or medicine. 3 Animal testing also enables scientists and researchers to test the safety of medicine with which humans have regular contact. Drugs, for example, may create significant risks to h
5、umans, so testing them on animals first gives researchers a chance to determine their safety before human trials are performed. While scientists understand the differences between humans and animals, the similarities are considered important enough to produce relevant data that they can then apply t
6、o humans. Animal testing reduces harm to humans and save lives, not only because the exposure to risky substances（物质） is minimized, but because some new medicine and treatments have positive effects on humans quality of life. 4 However, a large number of animals are harmed or die as a result of expe
7、riments and testing. Unfortunately, many of the substances used on animal subjects never receive approval （ 批 准 ） for human use. Those who are against animal testing consider this a very important point, because saving humans from suffering is no excuse for the death of laboratory animals. Step 1: R
8、ead for text type and structure 1)The text is a(n) argumentation（议论文）. 2)Structure: How many parts should this text be divided into? Step 2: Make an outline: Find out the topic sentences in each paragraph. 2 Para.1. Actually, animals are used for research in a variety of fields. Whether or not human
9、sshould use animals for testing purposes, however,isa controversial subject. For Para. 2. Animal testing allows researchers to develop new medicine and treatments, advancing the field of medicine and improving the health of society. Many supporters of animal testing support the practice for this rea
10、son even if they do not support testing, or other non-essential substances) on animals. Para. 3. Animal testing also enables scientists and researchers to test the safety of medicine with which humans have regular contact. Animal testing reduces harm to humans and save lives. Against Para. 4. Howeve
11、r, a large number of animals are harmed or die as a result of experiments and testing. Those who are against animal testing consider this a very important point, because saving humans from suffering is no excuse for the death of laboratory animals. Step 3: Rewrite the topic sentences 1Although it is
12、 common to use animals for research, people have different opinions on whether animals should be used for medical purpose. 2Those supporters argue that animal testing not only contributes to the medical development and the improvement of peoples health 3but also examine the safety of medicine and ot
13、her substances without risking humans lives. 4Those opponents believe that people have no rights to hurt or even kill laboratory animals just to protect themselves. Step 4: Link the sentences by conjunctions（连词）（连词）: on the one handon the other hand Although it is common to use animals for research,
14、 people have different opinions on whether animals should be used for medical purpose. On the one hand, those supporters argue that animal testing not only contributes to the medical development and the improvement of peoples health but also examine the safety of medicine and other substances withou
15、t risking humans lives. On the other hand, those opponents believe that people have no rights to hurt or even kill laboratory animals just to protect themselves. Step 5: Check and revise Step 6: Copy your draft II.实战演练 Many couples who already have one healthy, happy child, are facing a dilemma （两难境
16、地）, that is, the issue of whether to have a second child or not. They have 3 hard jobs and limited time and money, but they want to make sure that their only child does not become a lonely child. So, what are the advantages and disadvantages of having a second child? That is what so many couples are
17、 very much concerned about and eager to understand. One popular saying is that one child means a lonely child. Thats why many single-child parents plan to have a second child. They feel guilty about their decision to have only one child, because there are no other children in the family for their on
18、ly child to play with, which may make the child feel lonely at times, especially during vacations. Another common argument against having just one child is that an only child may be more spoiled（溺爱的） than one with brothers or sisters. If one couple had only one child, the child could not learn to sh
19、are things with others and are less capable of getting along well with other children than one who grows up with brothers or sisters. However, in many parts of the world, more and more parents are still choosing not to have a second child because they argue that there are advantages for the child as
20、 well as the parents. With just one child, they suggest, there is little chance of family arguments concerned with children. Besides, as an only child in the family, the child can receive more quality time and attention. This often leads to increased self-respect and independence, which can lead to
21、the child being more confident. Unluckily, there is no simple answer to the question of whether or not to have a second child. Every family is different, and what is proper for one family may not be for another. The important thing, in the end, is to make a decision that both you and your spouse (配偶
22、) feel confident about. 参考答案：参考答案：Whether or not to have a second child has put many couples in a dilemma. Some supporters think one child means a lonely and spoiled child. With siblings, children can learn to share and get on well with others. However, some opponents argue that an only child will get more quality time and attention while causing fewer arguments. Still, there is no easy answer to the issue. Its up to the couple to make a proper decision about it.
