Unit 4 语法ppt课件（含学案）-（2021新人教版）高中英语必修第一册.zip

Unit4 Natural Disasters 语法讲解 一、定语从句的概述 在复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语、句子进行修饰、限定的从 句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的成分叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系 词有两种：关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括that, which, who( 宾格为whom，所有格为whose)等，关系副词包括where, when, why等。关 系代词和关系副词有三个作用：引导从句；指代先行词；在定语 从句中作成分。 关系代词引导的定语从句 The people whom you met on the campus yesterday are from England. 你昨天在大学校园里见到的那些人来自英国。 He is reading a book which is written by Lu Xun. 他正在读一本鲁迅写的书。 二、关系代词的用法 1关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们的具体使用情 况如下表所示： 关系词先行词在从句中充当的成分备注 关 系 代 词 who人主语、宾语whom, which和that在从句中作宾语时 ，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面的 关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that 和who whom人宾语 which物主语、宾语 that人或物主语、宾语、表语 whose人或物定语 whosen.then.of which/whom of which/whomthen.(先行词指人时 用whom，指物时用which) 2在定语从句中，使用关系代词时我们应该考虑两点：一是先行词 是“人”还是“物”；二是关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分。 He is a man who/that means what he says. 他是一个说话算话的人。(先行词指人，关系代词who/that引导定语从 句，并在从句中作主语) Is there anyone in your class whose father is a teacher? 你们班有谁的父亲是老师？(先行词指人，关系代词whose引导定语 从句，并在定语从句中作定语) To be frank, I dont like the movie (which/that) you recommended to me yesterday. 坦率地讲，我不喜欢你昨天推荐给我的那部影片。(先行词指物，关 系代词which/that引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，可省略) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，根据先行词的单复数确定从句谓语动 词的单复数。 He is the only one of the students who knows French in our class. 他是我们班里唯一懂法语的学生。(the only one为先行词) He is one of the students who know French in our class. 他是我们班里懂法语的学生之一。(students为先行词) whose还是which 关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，无论指人还是指物，都要用whose ，而不能用which。 Thats the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen. 那是一台零件小到看不见的新机器。 Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is worldfamous? 你看过泰坦尼克号这部电影吗？它的男主角是世界著名的。 关系词，引定从，它们的用法各不同。 that可作主宾表，指人指物它都行。 which专来指物用，主语、宾语它也能。 who和whom来指人，whom仅作宾语用。 whose一词作定语，指人指物都管用。 用定语从句合并句子 I live next door to a couple.Their children often make a lot of noise. _ The man is from Peking University.I talked about the man at the meeting. _ _ I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Peking University. The boy is sitting on the chair.The boy is my brother. _ The city is near the sea.The city is very beautiful. _ The boy who/that is sitting on the chair is my brother. The city which/that is near the sea is very beautiful. 三、关系代词that与which的用法辨析 1关系代词用that而不用which的情况 (1)当先行词是all, much, anything, nothing, everything，little, none等不 定代词时或先行词被all，much，any，no，every，some，little等不定代词 修饰时 She told me everything that she knew. 她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。 (2)先行词既有人又有物时 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 (3)先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 (4)先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 (5)先行词为the last, the only, the very, the same等或被这些词修饰时 Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。 This is the very room that I slept in that evening. 这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。 the same.as与the same.that的区别 一般情况下，the same.as指的是与先行词同类的事物/人，而the same.that与先行词指的是同一个事物/人。 This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. 这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。(同一类，表相似) This is the same pen that I borrowed from Mr Li. 这就是我从李老师那里借的钢笔。(同一物，表同一) (6)主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时 Which is the true story that he told us? 他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真实的？ 2关系代词用which而不用that的情况 (1)先行词为that时 Whats that which is under the desk? 桌子底下的那个东西是什么？ Its a football. 那是一个足球。 (2)关系代词前有介词时 This is the room in which he lives. 这是他住的房间。 (3)引导非限制性定语从句时 Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 强调句与定语从句的区别 It was the student that/who asked the silly question. 就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句) He was the student who asked the silly question. 他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句) 选词填空(that/which) Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. Have you any books _ are worth reading? This is the best film _ I have ever seen. Im going to talk about the countries and people _ I have visited. Bamboo is hollow, _ makes it very light. that that that that which 专项练习 单句语法填空 1The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other. 2She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. 3The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. 4Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. that/which which/that whose who/whom/that 5Do you have anything to say for yourselves? Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on. 6I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. 7Jack is the most intelligent man _ Ive ever met. 8As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. 9Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ (wear) evening dress. 10I have the same magazine _ you bought just now. that/which that that/who/whom which wears as 完成句子 1This is the magazine _. 这就是我最喜欢的那本杂志。 2The girl _ is one of my classmates. 正在唱歌的女孩是我的一个同学。 3Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ _. 我们正在讨论昨晚见到的钢琴和钢琴家。 (that/which) I like best who/that is singing (that) we saw last night 4Everything _ has been done. 应当做的事情已经做了。 5This afternoon well go to see the photo show _ _. 今天下午我们要去看你们参观过的照片展。 6Ill tell you _. 我要告诉你他上周告诉我的一切。 7That tree _ looks very beautiful. 那棵开着淡红色的花的树看起来很漂亮。 that should be done (that/which) you have visited all (that) he told me last week whose flowers are light red 8The girl _ is Toms sister. 他们正在谈论的女孩是汤姆的妹妹。 9Can you lend me the book _? 你能借给我你昨天买的那本书吗？ 10Is this the factory _ the other day? 这是你那天参观过的那家工厂吗？ (who/whom/that) they are talking about (that/which) you bought yesterday that/which you visited 使用定语从句简要介绍你的家人和你。 1我父亲在本市非常著名的一家医院工作。(which/that) 2我的母亲就在我上学的那所学校教数学。(that) 3她喜欢看著名演员主演的电视剧。(whose) 4我是一个热爱篮球的男孩。(who) 5我有几个经常一起打篮球的好朋友。(whom) _ _ _ _ _ _ 参考范文： My father works in a hospital which is very famous in our city. My mother teaches maths in the school that I study in. She likes watching TV plays whose leading actors are famous. I am a boy who likes playing basketball. I have several good friends whom I often play basketball with. Page 29 unlimited THANK Thanks for listening!Thanks for listening! 2021-2022 学年人教高中英语必修一学年人教高中英语必修一 Unit4 语法语法 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句 一、定语从句的概述一、定语从句的概述 在复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语、句子进行修饰、限定的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的 成分叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有两种：关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括 that, which, who(宾格为 whom，所有格为 whose)等，关系副词包括 where, when, why 等。关系代词和关系副词有三个 作用：引导从句；指代先行词；在定语从句中作成分。 The people whom you met on the campus yesterday are from England. 你昨天在大学校园里见到的那些人来自英国。 He is reading a book which is written by Lu Xun. 他正在读一本鲁迅写的书。 二、关系代词的用法二、关系代词的用法 1关系代词有 who, whom, whose, which, that 等。它们的具体使用情况如下表所示： 关系词先行词在从句中充当的成分备注 who人主语、宾语 whom人宾语 which物主语、宾语 that人或物主语、宾语、表语 whom, which 和 that 在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略， 但介词提前时后面的关系代词不能省略，也不可以用 that 和 who 关 系 代 词 whose人或物定语 whosen.then.of which/whomof which/whom then.(先行词指人时用 whom，指物时用 which) 2在定语从句中，使用关系代词时我们应该考虑两点：一是先行词是“人”还是“物”；二是关系代词在定语 从句中充当什么成分。 He is a man who/that means what he says. 他是一个说话算话的人。(先行词指人，关系代词 who/that 引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语) Is there anyone in your class whose father is a teacher? 你们班有谁的父亲是老师？(先行词指人，关系代词 whose 引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作定语) To be frank, I dont like the movie (which/that) you recommended to me yesterday. 坦率地讲，我不喜欢你昨天推荐给我的那部影片。(先行词指物，关系代词 which/that 引导定语从句，并在 从句中作宾语，可省略) 【点津点津】 关系代词在从句中作主语时，根据先行词的单复数确定从句谓语动词的单复数。 He is the only one of the students who knows French in our class. 他是我们班里唯一懂法语的学生。(the only one 为先行词) He is one of the students who know French in our class. 他是我们班里懂法语的学生之一。(students 为先行词) whose 还是 which 关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，无论指人还是指物，都要用 whose，而不能用 which。 Thats the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen. 那是一台零件小到看不见的新机器。 Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is worldfamous? 你看过泰坦尼克号这部电影吗？它的男主角是世界著名的。 【随堂练习随堂练习】 用定语从句合并句子 I live next door to a couple.Their children often make a lot of noise. _ The man is from Peking University.I talked about the man at the meeting. _ The boy is sitting on the chair.The boy is my brother. _ The city is near the sea.The city is very beautiful. _ 答案：答案： I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Peking University. The boy who/that is sitting on the chair is my brother. The city which/that is near the sea is very beautiful. 三、关系代词三、关系代词 that 与与 which 的用法辨析的用法辨析 1关系代词用关系代词用 that 而不用而不用 which 的情况的情况 (1)当先行词是 all, much, anything, nothing, everything，little, none 等不定代词时或先行词被 all，much，any，no，every，some，little 等不定代词修饰时 She told me everything that she knew. 她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。 (2)先行词既有人又有物时 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 (3)先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 (4)先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 (5)先行词为 the last, the only, the very, the same 等或被这些词修饰时 Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。 This is the very room that I slept in that evening. 这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。 【点津点津】 the same.as 与 the same.that 的区别 一般情况下，the same.as 指的是与先行词同类的事物/人，而 the same.that 与先行词指的是同一个事物/人。 This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. 这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。(同一类，表相似) This is the same pen that I borrowed from Mr Li. 这就是我从李老师那里借的钢笔。(同一物，表同一) (6)主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时 Which is the true story that he told us? 他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真实的？ 2关系代词用关系代词用 which 而不用而不用 that 的情况的情况 (1)先行词为 that 时 Whats that which is under the desk? 桌子底下的那个东西是什么？ Its a football. 那是一个足球。 (2)关系代词前有介词时 This is the room in which he lives. 这是他住的房间。 (3)引导非限制性定语从句时 Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 【点津点津】 强调句与定语从句的区别 It was the student that/who asked the silly question. 就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句) He was the student who asked the silly question. 他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句) 【随堂练习随堂练习】 选词填空(that/which) Finally, the thief handed everything _that_ he had stolen to the police. Have you any books _that_ are worth reading? This is the best film _that_ I have ever seen. Im going to talk about the countries and people _that_ I have visited. Bamboo is hollow, _which_ makes it very light. 【专项练习专项练习】 单句语法填空单句语法填空 1The old town has narrow streets and small houses _that/which_ are built close to each other. 2She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _which/that_ allows them to communicate freely with each other. 3The prize will go to the writer _whose_ story shows the most imagination. 4Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _who/whom/that_ I met in the English speech contest last year. 5Do you have anything to say for yourselves? Yes, theres one point _that/which_ we must insist on. 6I refuse to accept the blame for something _that_ was someone elses fault. 7Jack is the most intelligent man _that/who/whom_ Ive ever met. 8As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _which_ is named after his grandfather. 9Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _wears_ (wear) evening dress. 10I have the same magazine _as_ you bought just now. 完成句子完成句子 1This is the magazine _(that/which) I like best_. 这就是我最喜欢的那本杂志。 2The girl _who/that is singing_ is one of my classmates. 正在唱歌的女孩是我的一个同学。 3Were talking about the piano and the pianist _(that) we saw last night_. 我们正在讨论昨晚见到的钢琴和钢琴家。 4Everything _that should be done_ has been done. 应当做的事情已经做了。 5This afternoon well go to see the photo show _(that/which) you have visited _. 今天下午我们要去看你们参观过的照片展。 6Ill tell you _all (that) he told me last week_. 我要告诉你他上周告诉我的一切。 7That tree _whose flowers are light red_ looks very beautiful. 那棵开着淡红色的花的树看起来很漂亮。 8The girl _(who/whom/that) they are talking about_ is Toms sister. 他们正在谈论的女孩是汤姆的妹妹。 9Can you lend me the book _(that/which) you bought yesterday_? 你能借给我你昨天买的那本书吗？ 10Is this the factory _that/which you visited_ the other day? 这是你那天参观过的那家工厂吗？ 使用定语从句简要介绍你的家人和你。使用定语从句简要介绍你的家人和你。 1我父亲在本市非常著名的一家医院工作。(which/that) 2我的母亲就在我上学的那所学校教数学。(that) 3她喜欢看著名演员主演的电视剧。(whose) 4我是一个热爱篮球的男孩。(who) 5我有几个经常一起打篮球的好朋友。(whom) _ _ _ _ 参考范文： My father works in a hospital which is very famous in our city. My mother teaches maths in the school that I study in. She likes watching TV plays whose leading actors are famous. I am a boy who likes playing basketball. I have several good friends whom I often play basketball with.