1、人教版必修第二册人教版必修第二册 unit3 语法讲练语法讲练-现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态表示到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做。 这种语法项目既要表示现在 已经完成又要表示被动的含义，因此很多同学在具体运用中容易顾此失彼，难以把握。 运用现在完成时的被动语态时应掌握以下几个问题： 一、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式 肯定式主语have/has been done. 否定式主语have/has not been done. 一般疑问式Have/Has主语been done.？ 特殊疑问式疑问词have/has主语been done.？ Anew network
2、has been set up. 一个新的网络已经建立起来了。 To Toms disappointment，his novel has not been published. 让汤姆失望的是，他的小说还没有被出版。 Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行车修好了吗？ How many residents have been invited to the conference？ 有多少居民受到了参会邀请？ 二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法 1 表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成， 强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果， 通常与 already，yet，never，r
3、ecently 等副词及时间状语 so far，by now，up till/to now，since 等连用。 The database has already been updated. 数据库已经被更新了。(现在可以使用新的数据库了) 2表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与 for 或 since 等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于 how long 引出的句子中。 The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已经被修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修) 3用在条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成
4、的动作。 You shouldnt leave school before your homework has been finished. 在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。 三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意 6 点问题 1与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的 情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。 The park was opened to the public last year. 去年这个公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去) The park has been opened to the public. 这个公园
5、已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经向公众 开放了) 2非延续性动词，如 borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join 等构成的现在 完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 若要表达相应的意思， 则要改换动词或时 态。 The work was finished two weeks ago. 这项工作于两周前被完成。 The work has been finished.这项工作已经被完成。 3短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不 可省略。 It is said that
6、 the problem has been looked into. 据说已经调查了这个问题。 4只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 We have built many houses in the past ten years. Many houses have been built in the past ten years. 在过去的十年里我们建了很多房子。 5带有双宾语的动词，如 give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write， read，sell，buy，tell，pay，lend，pas
7、s，promise 等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语 变为主语，另一个保留不动。 We have given him a lot of cash. He has been given a lot of cash. Alot of cash has been given to him. 我们给了他很多现金。 6带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足 语。原来省略 to 的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带 to 的不定式。 I have told them to take their identity cards. They have been told
8、to take their identity cards. 我已经告诉他们要带上身份证。 四.练习 .用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子 1We have completed all the preparations for the task，and were ready to start. _ 2This company has produced new types of computers. _ 3They have interviewed several applicants for the job. _ 4They have carried out several experiments
9、to test the performance of the new car. _ 5They havent given any permission to enter the lab since it was closed. _ 1.All the preparations for the task have been completed，and were ready to start. 2.New types of computers have been produced by this company. 3.Several applicants for the job have been
10、 interviewed. 4.Several experiments have been carried out to test the performance of the new car. 5.Not any permission has been given to enter the lab since it was closed. .语法填空(用所给词的正确时态、语态填空) Li Ming：Hi，Lin Tao.How nice to see you on the first day of the new term! Lin Tao：Yes.Nice to see you again
11、. Li Ming ： I know that your parents 6._(work) in Yushu for years.Can you tell me something there after the earthquake? Lin Tao：Of course.Since the earthquake 7._ (happen)，many soldiers 8._(send) there ， and many kinds of supplies( 物 资 供 应 ) 9._(carry) there from all over the country.Now，most people
12、 there 10._(live) a happy life again. Li Ming：How about the schools there? Lin Tao ： Several new schools 11._(set) up and also some schools which 12._(damage) in the earthquake 13._(rebuild)So all the students can go back to school to study now. Li Ming：Thats wonderful.Im sure their life will be bet
13、ter and better.When will your parents come back? Lin Tao：They will be back next month. 6.have been working7.happened 8. have been sent9.have been carried 10. live/are living 11. have been set 12.were damaged 13. have been rebuilt .用所给词的正确形式填空 1Will Peterson come to our graduation ceremony(毕业典礼)? Its
14、 a pity.He _(send) to India as a volunteer teacher. 2Its said that a new software _(develop)It will soon be on sale. 3Since 1958，they _(recognise) as the national theatre of Israel. 4Our classroom_(clean)You neednt clean it now. 5How many cars _(stick) since the accident happened? 6Three new schools
15、 _(open) in our city in the past five years. 7The child_(take) care of by his grandma all these years. 8 Up to now， no conclusion(结论) _(reach) about who should be awarded the first prize. 9 Fire extinguishers( 灭 火 器 ) are located on each floor.You can use them only if you _(train) to do so. 10Great
16、changes_(take) place in my hometown and you can see that a lot of factories have been set(set) up. 1.has been sent2. has been developed 3. has been reached 4. have been recognised 5.has been cleaned6.have been stuck7. have been opened8.has been taken 9. have been trained 10.have taken .单句写作 11听说李涛已被
17、复旦大学录取我们很高兴。 _ 12何时何地去度假还没定下来。 _ 13纸币已经在世界上存在了 1 000 多年了。 _ 14人们的健康已经受到空气、噪音和水的极大影响。 _ 15公司最近给了他一个去海外工作的机会。 _ 11.We are glad to hear that Li Tao has been admitted to/into Fudan University. 12.When and where to go on holiday has not been decided yet. 13.Paper money has existed in the world for over one thousand years. 14,Peoples health has been greatly affected by air，noise and water. 15.He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company)
