1、法律渊源 source of law行为 act 制定法 statute作为 ac 判例法 case law; precedent不作为 omission 普通法 common law合法行为 lawful act 特别法 special law违法行为 unlawful act 固有法 native law; indigenous law民事权利权利能力 civil right 继受法 adopted law绝对权 absolute right 实体法 substantial law相对权 relative right 程序法 procedural law优先权 right of prior
2、ity 原那么法 fundamental law先买权 preemption 例外法 exception law原权 antecedent right 司法解释 judicial interpretation救济权 right of relief 习惯法 customary law支配权 right of dominion 公序良俗 public order and moral请求权 right of claim 自然法 natural law物上请求权 right of claim for real thing 罗马法 Roman Law形成权 right of formation 私法 p
3、rivate law撤销权 right of claiming cancellation 公法 public law否认权 right of claiming cancellation 市民法 jus civile解除权 right of renouncement 万民法 jus gentium代位权 subrogated right 民法法系 civil law system选择权 right of choice 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law成认权 right of admission 大陆法系 civil law system终止权 right of
4、termination 普通法 common law抗辩权 right of defense 大陆法 continental law 罗马法系 Roman law system 一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense 永久性抗辩权permanent counter- argument 衡平法 equity; law of equity 日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法 Islamic law 民法法律标准 norm of civil law 授权标准 authorization
5、norm 禁止标准 forbidding norm 义务性标准 obligatory norm 命令性标准 commanding norm 民法根本原那么fundamental principles of civil law 平等原那么 principle of equality 自愿原那么 principle of free will 公平原那么 principle of justice 等价有偿原那么principle of equal value exchange 老实信用原那么 principle of good faith right 不安抗辩权 unstable counter-a
6、rgument right 同 时 履 行 抗 辩 权defenseright of simultaneous performance 既得权 tested right 期待权 expectant right 专属权 exclusive right 非专属权 non-exclusive right 人身权利 personal right 人权 human right 人格权 right of personality 生命健康权 right of life and health 姓名权 right of name 名称权 right of name 肖像权 right of portraitur
7、e 自由权 right of freedom 名誉权 right reputation 隐私权 right of privacy 私生活秘密权 right of privacy合伙 partnership 贞操权 virginity right合伙人 partner 身份权 right of status合伙协议 partnership agreement 亲权 parental power; parental right合伙财产 property of partnership 亲属权 right of relative合伙债务 debt of partnership 探视权 visitati
8、on right入伙 join partnership 配偶权 right of spouse退伙 withdrawal from partnership 荣誉权 right of honor合伙企业 partnership business establishment 权利的保护 protection of right个人合伙 partnership 公力救济 public protection法人合伙 partnership of legal person 私力救济 self-protection特别合伙 special partnership 权利本位 standard of right
9、普通合伙 general partnership 社会本位 standard of society有限合伙 limited partnership 无责任行为 irresponsible right民事合伙 civil partnership 正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate defence隐 名 合 伙sleeping partnership; dormant 防卫行为 act of defencepartnership 自为行为 self-conducting act私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship 紧急避险
10、 act of rescue; necessity法人 legal person 自助行为 act of self-help企业法人 legal body of enterprise 不可抗力 force majeure企业集团 group of enterprise 意外事件 accident关联企业 affiliate enterprise 行为能力 capacity for act个 人 独 资 企 业individualbusiness 意思能力 capacity of willestablishment 民事行为 civil act国有独资企业 solely state-owned
11、enterprise 意思表示 declaration of intention 意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus 中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act 限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act 准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person 保佐 protection 自 治 产 人minorwhoiscapableof administering his own capacity 无行为能力 in
12、capacity for act 禁治产人 interdicted person 自然人 natural person 公民 citizen 住所 domicile 居所 residence 经常居住地 frequently dwelling place 户籍 census register 监护 guardianship 个体工商户 individual business 农 村 承 包 经 营 户leaseholdingrural household 中 外 合 作 企 业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise 社团法人 legal body of mass
13、 organization 财团法人 legal body of financial group 联营 joint venture 法人型联营 association of legal persons 合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership 协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management 合作社 cooperative 民事法律行为 civil legal act 单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act 双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act 多
14、方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act 有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration 无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award再代理人 subagent 实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act转代理人 subagent 法律翻译公司代理权 right of agency 诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal授权行为 act of authorization ac
15、t授权委托书 power of attorney 要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act代理行为 act of agency 不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act委托代理 agency by mandate 要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act本代理 original agency 不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil复代理 subagency legal act次代理 subagency 主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act有权代理 authorized a
16、gency 从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act表 见 代 理agency by estoppel; apparent 附条件民事法律行为 conditional civil legalagency act律师代理 agency by lawyer 附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with普通代理 general agency term全权代理 general agency 生前民事法律行为civil legal act before全权代理委托书 general power of attorney death共同代理 joint agency
17、死后民事法律行为 civil legal act after death独家代理 sole agency 准民事法律行为 quasi-civil legal act居间 brokerage 无效行为 ineffective act居间人 broker 可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act行纪 commission; broker house 违法行为 illegal act; unlawful act信托 trust 侵权行为 tort时效 time limit; prescription; limitation 欺诈 fraud 胁迫 duress 时效中止suspensi
18、on of prescription/limitation 乘 人之危taking advantage of others precarious position 以 合 法 形 式 掩 盖 非 法目 的legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通 malicious collaboration 重大误解 gross misunderstanding 显失公平 obvious unjust 误传 misrepresentation 代理 agency 本人 principal 被代理人 principal 受托人 trustee 代理人 agent
19、本代理人 original agent 法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent 委托代理人 agent by mandate 指定代理人 designated agent 复代理人 subagent 时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription 时效延长 extension of limitation 取得时效 acquisitive prescription 时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription 期日 date 期间 term 涉外民事关系civil relatio
20、ns with foreign elements 冲突标准 rule of conflict 准据法 applicable law; governing law 反致 renvoi; remission 转致 transmission 识别 identification 公共秩序保存 reserve of public order 法律躲避 evasion of law 国籍 nationality 国有化 nationalizationstate 法律责任 legal liability赔偿损失 compensate for a loss; indemnify 民事责任 civil liab
21、ility/responsibilityfor a loss 行政责任administrative支付违约金 payment of liquidated damage liability/responsibility消除影响 eliminate ill effects 刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility恢复名誉 rehabilitate ones reputation 违约责任 liability of breach of contract;赔礼抱歉 extend a formal apology responsibility of default物权
22、 jus ad rem; right in rem; real right 有限责任 limited liability物权制度real right system; right in rem 无限责任 unlimited liabilitysystem 按份责任 shared/several liability一物一权原那么 the principal of One thing, 连带责任 joint and several liabilityOne Right 过失责任 liability for negligence; negligent物权法定主义 principal of legali
23、ty of right in liabilityrem 过错责任 fault liability; liability for fault物 权 公 示 原 那 么principalofpublic 单独过错 sole faultsummons of right in rem 共同过错 joint fault物权法 jus rerem 混合过错 mixed fault物 property 被害人过错 victims fault生产资料 raw material for production 第三人过错 third partys fault生活资料 means of livelihood; me
24、ans of 推定过错 presumptive faultsubsistence 恶意 bad faith; malice流 通 物res in commercium; a thing in 成 心deliberateintention;intention;commerce willfulness限制流通物 limited merchantable thing 过失 negligence 重大过失 gross negligence 禁止流通物 res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce 疏忽大意的过失careless and inadverten
25、t negligence 过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption 损害事实 facts of damage 有形损失 tangible damage/loss 无形损失 intangible damage/loss 财产损失 property damage/loss 人身损失 personal damage/loss 精神损失 spiritual damage/loss 民事责任承当方式 methods of bearing civil liability 停止侵害 cease the infringing act 排除阻碍 exclusion of h
26、indrance; removal of obstacle 消除危险 elimination of danger 返还财产 restitution of property 恢复原状 restitution; restitution of original 资产 asset 固定资产 fixed asset 流动资产 current asset; floating asset 动产 movables; chattel 不动产 immovable; real estate 特定物 res certae; a certain thing 种类物 genus; indefinite thing 可分物
27、 res divisibiles; divisible things 不可分物 res indivisibiles; indivisible things 主物 res capitalis; a principal thing 从物 res accessoria; an accessory thing 原物 original thing 孳息 fruits 天然孳息 natural fruits 法定孳息 legal fruits 无 主 物bonavacatia;vacant goods; ownerless goods 遗失物 lost property 漂流物 drifting obje
28、ct抵押权人 mortgagee 埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property抵押标的物 collateral; estate under mortgage 货币 currency抵押权的效力 deffect of right to mortgage 证券 securities抵押权的次序 sequence of right to mortgage 债券 bond抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to 物权分类 classification of right in rem/realmortgage right抵押权的让与 alienation of right
29、to mortgage 自 物 权jus in re propria; right of full抵押权的 实现materialization of right to ownershipmortgage 所有权 dominium; ownership; title抵押权的消灭 extinction of right to 所 有 权 凭 证document of title; title ofmortgageregistration of estate under mortgage ownership抵押物登记registration of estate under 占有权 dominium
30、utile; equitable ownershipmortgage 使用权 right of use; right to use of抵押优先权 priority of mortgage 收益权 right to earnings; right to yields留置权 lien 处分权 right of disposing; jus dispodendi一般留置权 general lien 善意占有 possession in good faith特别留置权 special lien 恶意占有 malicious possession质权 hypotheque; pledge; right
31、 of pledge 按份共有 several possession佃权 tenant right 共同共有 joint possession债权 jus in personam; right to give or procure; 他物权 jus in re alienaclaim; creditors right 用益物权 real right for usufruct债权人 creditor 使用权 right to use; right of use债务人 debtor 土地使用权 right to the use of land相对人 counterpart; offeree 林权
32、forest ownership 采矿权 mining ownership 给付 give; pay 债务 debt; liability; obligation 经 营 权managerialauthority;powerof management 承包经营权 right to contracted management 相邻权 neighboring right; relatedright 地上权 superficies 永佃权 jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contrac
33、t 地役权 servitude; easement 人 役 权servituspersonarum;personal servitude 担保物权 real right for security 物的担保 security for thing 物的瑕疵担保 warranty against defect of a thing 抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage 抵押权的设定 creation of right to mortgage 抵押人 mortgagor 债务的归还 payment of debt 债务的偿清 discharge
34、of debt 债务的担保 guarantee of debt 债务的合并 consolidation of debt 债务的给付日期 debt maturity 债务的免除 exemption of debt 债的分类 obligatio; obligation 法定之债 legal obligation 任意之债 voluntary obligation 简单之债 simple obligation 选择之债 alternative obligation 主债 prime/principal obligation 从债 accessory obligation 单一之债 single ob
35、ligation 按份之债 several obligation 连带之债 joint obligation 特定之债 certain obligation 种类之债 indefinite obligation 合同之债 contractual obligationtreatment 侵权行为之债 tort obligation优先权原那么 a right of priority doctrine 损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation自 动 保 护 原 那 么doctrine of automatic for injury; obligation of damage
36、sprotection 人身损害 damage to person特许权使用费 royalties 精神损害 moral/mental/spiritual damage智力成果 intellectual property 医药费 hospital treatment expense著作权 copyright 医疗费 medical charge版权 copyright 抚恤金 pension著作权人 copyright owner 慰问金 consolation money创作 creation 产品瑕疵 defect of product作品 opus; product; work 不当得利
37、 unjust enrichment著作人格权 right of personality of copyright 无因管理 voluntary service发表权 right of publication 债的担保 guarantee of obligation署名权 right of authorship; right of paternity 财产担保 property guarantee修 改 权rightofmodification; rightof 信用担保 credit guaranteerevision 让与担保 alienation guarantee完整性保持权 righ
38、t to maintain integrity 保证 guaranty不可侵犯权 inviolability 明示保证 express guaranty收回权 right of recall; right of retrieval 默示保证 implied guaranty自费出版 publish a book at the author s own 保证人 guarantorexpense 保证合同 contract of guaranty/suretyship著作财产权 property right in work 保证金 guaranty bond; security deposit使用
39、收益分享权 right to share usufruct 押金 deposit; foregift利用权 right to make use of 预付款 advanced payment 定金 earnest money; deposit 获得报酬权 right to get payment 重播权 right of rebroadcasting 违约金 liquidated damages 法定违约金 liquidated damages by law 约 定 违 约 金liquidateddamagesby agreement 债的履行 performance of obligatio
40、n 实 际 履 行 原 那 么doctrineofspecific performance 情事变更原那么doctrine of change of circumstances 不当履行 misfeasance 清偿 discharge; satisfaction 提存 debtors submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority 抵销 setoff 知识产权 intellectual property 知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual
41、property 国 民 待 遇 原 那 么doctrineofnational 录制权 right of fixation 机械复制权 right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction 著作邻接权 neighboring right of copyright 剽窃 plagiary; plagiarism 盗版 pirate 盗版 VCD pirated VCD 伪造 forge 工业产权 industrial property 专利权 patent right 优先权日 priority date 申请在先原那么 prior a
42、pplication rule 使用在先 priority of use 新颖性 novelty 创造性 creativity 实用性 practicability 创造创造 invention and creation 实用新型 utility model 外观设计 design; industrial design独生子女 only child 创造权 right of invention法律婚 legal marriage 发现权 right of discovery非婚生子女 illegitimate child 专利申请 patent application夫妻共同财产 commun
43、ity property 专利异议 objection to a patent夫妻关系 conjugal relationship 专利公告 patent gazette夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce 专利续展费 renewal fee of patentfrom bed and board 专利许可协议 patent licensing agreement复婚 resumption of marriage 技术诀窍 know-how感情破裂 incompatibility 专有技术 know-how婚后财产公证 notarization of p
44、ostnuptial 专利证书 certificate of patentproperties 专利事务所 patent office婚姻登记 marriage registration 专利代理 patent agency婚生子女 ligitimate child 中华人民共和国专利局 Patent Office of the方案生育 birth control Peoples Republic of China结婚 marry 商标权 trademark right离婚 divorce 商标国际注册international registration of买卖婚姻 mercenary ma
45、rriage trademark拟制血亲 blood relations in fiction of law 商品商标 commodity trademark旁系血亲 collateral relation blood relation 效劳商标 service trademark涉外婚姻 marriage with foreign elements 著名商标 reputed trademark配偶 spouse 广告商标 advertisement trademark事实婚 de facto marriage 近似商标 similar trademark诉讼离婚 divorce by lit
46、igation 商标评审委员会 trade review and appraisal探视权 visitation right board 商标审查 trademark examination 同居 cohabitation 晚婚 late marriage 商标侵权 trademark infringement 商标注册 registered trademark 商标公告 trademark gazette 注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark 注 册 商 标 转 让assignment of registered trademark 商 标使用许
47、可协议trademark licensing agreement 商标事务所 trademark office 商标代理 trademark agency 婚姻、家庭、继承、收养 marriage, family, inheritance, adoption 婚姻法 marital law; marriage law 包办婚姻 arranged marriage 财 产 分 割partition;dismembermentof property 重婚 bigamy 无效婚姻 void marriage 协议离婚 divorce by agreement 一夫一妻制 monogamy 早婚 ea
48、rly marriage 直系血亲 lineal descent 自然血亲 natural blood relation 收养法 adoption law 收养协议 adoption agreement 收养人 adoptive parent 送养人 person or institution placing out a child for adoption 涉外收养 adoption with foreign elements 继承法 inheritance law; law of succession 法定继承 legal seccession 遗嘱继承 intestate success
49、ion 遗赠继承 succession by devise 自然继承 natural succession 代 位 继 承representation; succession by subrogation子公司 subsidiary 世袭继承 hereditary succession皮 包 公 司briefcasecompany;fundless 间接继承 indirect successioncompany 转继承 subsuccession募集设立 incorporation by stock floatation 共同继承 joint succession发起人 floater; in
50、itiator 单独继承 single succession公司名称 name of company 继承人 heir; successor公司住址 domicile of company 第二顺序继承人 successor second in order出资 contribution; capital subscription 第一顺序继承人 successor first in order现金出资 investment in cash 继承参与人 succession participant实物出资 investment in kind 遗产 inheritance; heritage工
