（2019版）新人教版高中英语必修第二册第二单元Section Ⅰ课文知识点与讲义（含答案）.zip

新人教（2019）必修二第二单元Section Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking重点词汇讲解重点词汇讲解Point1 end up 用法详解(1)end up(以)结束,后接 v.-ing 形式或介词短语。end up in prison/failure 最终会坐牢/失败end up with以而结束I ended up telling him everything although I tried not to.虽然我试图不说,但是结果我还是把一切都告诉他了。The students ended up their class meeting with a chorus singing.学生们以合唱结束了班会。(2)end up as sb./sth.最终成为/变得,as 表示“作为,当”含义。In spite of the peoples opinions,she ended up as the winner.尽管众说纷纭,最后她还是成了胜利者。(3)end up+形容词,表示“最终处于的状态”。If he carries on driving like that,hell end up dead.如果他继续那样开车,总有一天会把命都丢掉。归纳拓展at the end of the day(俚语)最终,到头来 at an end 结束at the end of 在的末端/结束时 in the end 最后;终于 make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵;勉强维持生计 on end 竖着;直立着;连续地 put an end to 结束come to an end 结束经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep,and you may just end up sweet dreams. (2)Joining the firm as a clerk,he got rapid promotion,and ended up a manager. (3)If you go on doing that kind of thing,youll end up prison. (4)Youll end up(get) burnt if you dont keep away from the fire. (5)After gaining two fortunes,he ended up (poorly) when he died. 2.用 end 的相关短语填空(1)Many families struggled to . (2)My holiday is and I must go back to work tomorrow. (3)It is high time that we this discussion. 参考答案1.(1)with(2)as(3)in(4)getting(5)poor2.(1)make ends meet(2)at an end(3)put an end toPoint2 die out 用法详解(1)灭绝;绝种How did the dinosaurs die out?恐龙是如何灭绝的?(2)(习俗等)逐渐消失Many old customs are gradually dying out.许多旧习俗都在逐渐消失。(3)(火)逐渐熄灭;(风等)逐渐停止Once the fire has died out,the rescue team will move in.一旦大火熄灭,救援队就会马上进入。归纳拓展die away(声音等)逐渐减弱;逐渐模糊;逐渐消失die down(火、兴奋等)逐渐变弱;逐渐平息die off 相继死去;先后死去 die for 为而死die of 死于.(主要用于指疾病、衰老等自身的原因造成的死亡)die from 死于.(主要用于指环境、事故等外部原因造成的死亡)be dying to do sth.渴望做某事经典例题1.改为同义句Many species of plants and animals have died out from our planet.Many species of plants and animals from our planet. 2.用 die 的相关短语填空(1)His footsteps in the darkness. (2)The excitement as time went by. (3)It used to be considered part of a young mans duty to his country. 参考答案1.have disappeared2.(1)died away(2)died down(3)die forPoint3 alarming 用法详解alarming adj.使人惊恐的;令人惊慌的;引起恐慌的at an alarming rate/speed 以惊人的速度The rain forests are disappearing at an alarming rate.雨林正以惊人的速度消失。归纳拓展(1)alarm n.惊恐;惊慌;警报;闹钟 vt.使惊恐;使害怕in alarm 惊恐地sound the alarm 发出警报alarm bells 警铃(2)alarmed adj.惊恐的;惊慌的be alarmed at/by 对感到惊恐经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)Everybody (alarm) at the news that a war might break out. (2)If a smoke detector sets off alarm in the kitchen,you should react quickly. (3)It was (alarm) that the virus had caused 11 deaths. 2.翻译句子人口正以惊人的速度下降。参考答案1.(1)alarmed(2)the(3)alarming2.The population is dropping at an alarming speed.Point4 rate 用法详解(1)n.C 速度;进度,常与介词 at 搭配,相当于 speed。 at a rate of以的速度Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometers an hour.大多数人步行的平均速度为每小时 5 千米。(2)n.C 比率;率 birth/death rate 出生率/死亡率rates of exchange/interest 汇率/利率There has been a gradual increase in the birth rate.出生率在逐渐增长。(3)n.C 价格;费用What is the advertising rate in your newspaper?你们报纸的广告价格是多少?(4)vt.评估;评价;估价rateas 把看作rateamong认为/把算作之一The show was rated as a success by critics and audiences.评论家和观众都认为这次演出是成功的。归纳拓展at any rate 无论如何,不管怎样rating n.等级;级别经典例题1.写出 rate 的含义(1)Prices keep rising at a rapid rate. (2)His house was rated at one million dollars. (3)The exchange rate between the dollar and the RMB is changing. 2.单句语法填空(1)I may be away on business next week but any rate Ill be back by Friday. (2)China and India (rate) as the most attractive markets now. 参考答案1.(1)速度(2)估价(3)率2.(1)at(2) are ratedPoint5 mass 用法详解(1)n.C 团;块;堆a mass of 一团/块/堆的(修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词)masses of 成团/块/堆的;大量的(修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词)The sky was full of dark masses of clouds.天空中乌云密布。There were masses of people in the shops yesterday.昨天商店里人如潮涌。(2)n.群众;平民百姓,常用复数形式。The TV programme has brought science to the masses.电视节目已经把科学带给了平民百姓。(3)n.U (technical 术语) 质量 It is hard for scientists to calculate the mass of a planet.科学家计算一个行星的质量是很难的。特别提醒masses of 做主语时,谓语动词的单复数由 of 后面名词的数决定。归纳拓展massive adj.巨大的;大而重的经典例题1.写出 mass 的含义(1)There is a mass of books on the desk. (2)The masses have endless creative power. (3)Einstein studied the relation of energy and mass. 2.翻译句子(1)从山上滚下来的一大块石头。_(2)她有一大堆的工作要做。_参考答案1.(1)堆(2)群众(3)质量2.(1)A big mass of stone rolled down the mountain. (2)Theres masses of work for her to do.Point6 aware 用法详解aware adj.知道;意识到;明白;发觉(其后常与 of 搭配)be aware of 明白/意识到make sb.aware of 使某人明白/意识到be aware that 从句明白/意识到As far as Im aware据我所知He was well aware of the problem.他很清楚这个问题。Everybody should be made aware of the risks involved.应该让人人都知道其中的风险。I was aware that she was trembling.我察觉到她在发抖。归纳拓展(1)awareness n.意识environmental awareness 环境意识raise the awareness of sth.加强对某事物的意识(2)unaware adj.不知道的;没意识到的;未察觉的be unaware of 不知道经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)People should be made aware the lack of water. (2)She hadnt read the letter and so was (aware) of its contents. (3)It is important that students develop the (aware) of how the Internet can be used. 2.改为同义句As far as I am aware,the invitations to the party have all been sent.,the invitations to the party have all been sent. 3.翻译句子她知道他正在生气。_参考答案1.(1)of(2) unaware(3)awareness2.As far as I know3.She was aware that he was angry.Point7 endanger 用法详解endanger vt.使遭危险;危及;危害(后面接名词或代词)A heart attack may endanger the patients life.心脏病发作可能危及患者的生命。Development of the area would endanger wildlife.开发这一地区将会危及野生生物。归纳拓展(1)danger n.危险in danger (of)在危险中,有的危险out of danger 脱离危险be a danger to 对是危害,威胁(2)dangerous adj.危险的经典例题单句语法填空(1)This type of snake has been declared an (danger) species. (2)It is (danger) to walk on thin ice in a lake. (3)The flood was danger to the livelihood of the people there. (4)This kind of animal is in danger of (become) extinct. 参考答案(1)endangered(2)dangerous(3)a(4)becomingPoint8 average 用法详解(1)n.平均数(后常接介词 of)an average of 的平均数Parents spend an average of $220 a year on toys for their children.父母为孩子买玩具的花费平均每年为 220 美元。(2)n.平均水平;一般水准 on average 平均;基本上;大体上above/below average 高于/低于平均水平About 400 people a year die of this disease on average.平均每年有大约 400 人死于这种疾病。These exam results are above average.这些考试成绩高于平均水平。(3)adj.平均的;普通的;(数量)中等的The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.本班男生的平均年龄是 15 岁。I was just an average student.我只是一个普通的学生。经典例题1.写出 average 的含义(1)Toms work at school is above average. (2)He is an average man;theres nothing special about him. (3)It takes an average of ten weeks for them to sell a house. 2.翻译句子(1)此时的温度低于平均水平。_(2)大体上,普通人生活得幸福。_参考答案1.(1)平均水平(2)普通的(3)平均数2.(1)The temperature now is below average.(2)On average,average people live happily.Point9 make progress 用法详解(1)make progress 进步,进展。后接介词 in,表示“在方面取得进步/进展”,progress 是不可数名词。make great/rapid progress in (doing) 在(做)方面取得大/迅速的进步The medical community continues to make progress in the fight against cancer.医学界在抗癌的斗争中不断取得进步。(2)make progress 前进;行进There wasnt much traffic so we made good progress.来往车辆不多,所以我们开得很快。归纳拓展(1)in progress 在进行中(2)progress vi.进展;进步progress to sth.接着做(另一件事)特别提醒表示“在方面有进步”的短语:make advances in经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)We have made progress in (improve) skills of reading. (2)The game was already progress when we took our seats. (3)Our cooperation (progress) in the past decade. 2.改为同义句She is progressing in her studies.(1)She is in her studies.(progress) (2)She is in her studies.(advance) 参考答案 1.(1)improving(2)in(3)has progressed2.(1)making progress(2)making advancesPoint10 concern 用法详解(1)vt.& vi.让(某人)担忧;关心;关注It concerns sb.that令某人担忧的是concern oneself with/over/about 关心;担心It concerns me that you no longer seem to care.你似乎不再在乎,这令我担忧。She is always concerning herself about him.她一直在关心他。(2)vt.涉及;与有关 concern sb./sth.涉及到某人/某事This is a great event that concerns the future of our company.这是关系到我们公司前途的大事。(3)n.U担心,关切;C关心的事show/feel concern about/over/for对表示担心/关心/挂念The report expressed concern over continuing high unemployment.报告表达了对失业率居高不下的忧虑。归纳拓展(1)concerned adj.关心的;担忧的be concerned about/for 关心;挂念be concerned with 与有关as/so far as sb./sth.is concerned 就而言 (2)concerned 做前置定语时,表示“担心的,忧虑的”;做后置定语时,表示“有关的”。(3)concerning prep.关于,常用于名词或代词后。经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)Nowadays people are more (concern) about the environment where they live. (2)A good doctor should always concern (he) with his patients. (3)As a grassroots singer,she reads everything (concern) music. 2.改为同义句(1)Dont concern yourself with matters that are not your business.Dont matters that are not your business. (2)In my opinion,I believe that it is a wise choice.,I believe that it is a wise choice. 3.翻译句子忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次与他们孩子的教育有关的会议。_参考答案1.(1)concerned(2)himself(3)concerning2.(1)be concerned with(2)As far as I am concerned3.Concerned parents held a meeting concerning the education of their children.Point11 adapt 用法详解(1)vt.& vi.(使)适应。常与介词 to 连用,to 后接名词、代词或动名词。 adapt (oneself) to (doing) sth.(使)适应(做)某事 It took him a while to adapt himself to living in his new surroundings.他过了好一阵子才适应了在新环境中生活。(2)vt.改编;改写 adapt sth.for sth.把改编成adapt sth.from sth.根据改编 He is going to adapt his play for television.他打算把自己的剧本改编成电视剧。This play is adapted from a novel written by Dack.这个剧本是根据达克写的一部小说改编的。(3)vt.使适合(新用途、新情况);改造,其后常接 for use。Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.这些工具大多数已经过特别改装,供残疾人使用。归纳拓展adaptation n.改编本;改写本;适应adaptable adj.有适应能力的;能适应的易混辨析adapt/adopt易混词区别adapt(1)vt.& vi.(使)适应(与介词 to 连用)(2)vt.改编(与介词 for 或 from 连用)adopt(1)vt.收养 adopt a child 收为养子/女(2)vt.采取;采用特别提醒表示“适应”的短语:adjust to (doing) sth.经典例题 1.单句语法填空(1)This text is adapted a story in Chinese Literature. (2)This building has been adapted the dormitory(寝室) of the students. (3)A desert plant adapts to (live) in a dry habitat. (4)The play is an (adapt) of a short novel. 2.改为同义句A child can easily adapt to changes in its environment. A child can easily changes in its environment. 3.选词填空(adapt/adopt)(1)According to the students differences,teachers should different teaching methods. (2)Can you your way of thinking to the new lifestyle? 参考答案1.(1)from(2)for(3)living(4)adaptation2.adjust to3.(1)adopt(2)adaptPoint12 measure 用法详解(1)n.措施;方法 take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事(=take steps to do sth.)We must take preventive measures to reduce crime in the area.我们必须采取预防措施来减少这个地区的犯罪。(2)n.度量单位;尺寸,分量maketo measure 根据尺寸定做(衣服)take sb.s measure 给某人量尺寸The metre is a measure of length.米是长度单位。Do you make suits to measure?你定做西装吗?(3)vt.测量,通常是表示人的名词或代词做主语。 He measured the height of the cupboard.他量了碗橱的高度。(4)vt.量度为,通常是表示物的名词做主语,不用被动语态。The room measures 25 feet across.这个房间宽 25 英尺。(5)vt.权衡,使相比较,常与介词 against 连用。measureagainst权衡与(=weighagainst)I measured the benefits of the plan against the risks involved.我认真权衡了这个计划的优点和有关的风险。归纳拓展weight n.重量weighty adj.重的;沉重的weightless adj.无重量的;失重的经典例题 1.单句语法填空(1)I want the suit made his own measure. (2)The house is more than twenty meters long and (measure) six meters in width. (3)He (measure) for a new suit yesterday. (4)We hope the government will take effective measures (reduce) pollution. 2.改为同义句(1)We must take measures to prevent this from happening again.We must to prevent this from happening again. (2)They had measured the advantage against disadvantage before making the decision.They the advantage against disadvantage before making the decision. 参考答案1.(1)to(2)measures(3)was measured(4)to reduce2.(1)take steps(2)had weighedPoint13 pressure 用法详解(1)n.U 压;挤压apply pressure to 压住/按住The nurse applied pressure to his arm to stop the bleeding.护士压住他的胳膊止血。(2)n.U 气压 A band of high/low pressure is moving across the country.一股高/低气压正经过这个国家。(3)n.U 压力;要求under pressure 在压力下;承受压力place/put pressure on sb.给某人施加压力The team performs well under pressure.这个队在压力下表现良好。He may have put pressure on her to agree.他可能向她施加了压力,迫使她同意。归纳拓展press vt.压,挤,推,施加压力 press sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事经典例题 1.单句语法填空(1)He changed his mind the pressure from others. (2)They put pressure the government to change its policy(政策). (3)The kids (press) to do what they will not do. 2.翻译句子(1)他们顶着压力去接受这个任务。_(2)不要对孩子施加太多压力。_参考答案1.(1)under(2)on(3)are pressed2.(1)They were under pressure to take this task.(2)Dont place/put too much pressure on the kids.Point14 reserve 用法详解(1)n.C (动植物)保护区;自然保护区。 a wildlife reserve 野生动植物保护区Are you for building highways in a wildlife reserve? 你赞成在自然保护区修公路吗?(2)vt.预订,预约(座位、席位、房间等)reserve a ticket 订票(=book a ticket)Id like to reserve a table for three for eight oclock.我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。(3)vt.保留;贮备These seats are reserved for special guests.这些座位是留给贵宾的。(4)vt.拥有,保持,保留(某种权利) The management reserves the right to refuse admission.管理部门有权拒绝接收。归纳拓展reservation n.预订;预约make a reservation for 预订经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)Ill call the restaurant and make a (reserve). (2)“Its such a nice place,”Mother said as she sat at the table (reserve)for customers. (3)Id prefer (reserve) my judgement until I find all the evidence. 2.改为同义句He had reserved a train ticket before the vacation began.(1)He had a train ticket before the vacation began. (2)He had a train ticket before the vacation began. 参考答案1.(1)reservation(2)reserved(3)to reserved2.(1)booked(2)made a reservation forPoint15 make out 用法详解(1)看清;听清;分清。相当于 figure out。 I could just make out a figure in the darkness.黑暗中我只看出了一个人的轮廓。(2)开具,填写(表格或文件) He made out a cheque for 10,000 pounds.他开了一张 1 万英镑的支票。(3)理解She was a strange sort of person; I couldnt make her out.她这个人有些古怪,我不能理解她。归纳拓展make for 向移动;促成make off (with)(携带某物)匆忙离开/仓皇逃跑 make up 化妆;组成;弥补;和好;编造make sure 确保,确信经典例题1.用 make 的相关短语填空(1)In some languages,100 words half of all words used in daily conversations. (2)When the group discussion is nearing its end, to conclude it with important points. (3)The children took their ice skates and the frozen pond. (4)(2019天津卷)I could hear voices but I couldnt what they were saying. 2.改为同义句Im sorry I cant quite make out what you mean.Im sorry I cant quite what you mean. 参考答案1.(1)make up(2)make sure(3)made for(4)make out2.figure outPoint16 observe 用法详解(1)vt.注意到;观察到,后接不带 to 不定式、现在分词或过去分词做宾补。observe sb.do /doing sth.观察某人做了/正在做某事be observed to do /doing sth.被看见做了/正在做某事The police observed a man enter the bank.警察注意到一个男人走进了银行。He was observed to follow her closely.有人看到他紧跟着她。(2)vt.说话;评论,后接 that 从句。She observed that it was getting late.她说天色晚了。(3)vt.遵守(规则、法律等),相当于 obey,后接名词做宾语。 Will the rebels observe the ceasefire?叛乱者会遵守停火协议吗?The crowd observed a minutes silence in memory of those who had died.众人为死者默哀一分钟。(4)vt.庆祝;庆贺,相当于 celebrate。Do they observe Christmas?他们过不过圣诞节?归纳拓展observation n.观察observer n.观察者;观察员经典例题1.写出 observe 的含义(1)He made a telescope through which he could observe the stars. (2)All citizens should observe traffic rules. (3)Chinese people all over the world observe the Spring Festival. (4)She observed that the work was well done. 2.单句语法填空(1)He was observed (leave) the room quickly then. (2)She observed a man (walk) on the opposite side of the road then. (3)The lecture was followed by an (observe) of the moon through telescopes. 参考答案1.(1)观察(2)遵守(3)庆祝(4)评述2.(1)to leave(2)walking(3)observationPoint17 remind 用法详解vt.提醒;使想起,常与介词 of 连用。remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事remind sb.+that/what/how 从句 提醒某人Im sorry;Ive forgotten your name.Can you remind me?对不起,我忘了你的名字。提醒我一下好吗?This story reminds me of my childhood.这个故事让我想起了我的童年。Be sure to remind her to come back