1、定语从句定语从句1.1.定语定语(1)(1) HeHe isis anan honesthonest boy.boy. adj.(2)adj.(2) WeWe lovelove ourour country.country. adj.(3)adj.(3) WhatWhats s youryour telephonetelephonenumber?number? n.n.定语定语developingdeveloping countrycountry现在分词现在分词定语定语developeddeveloped countrycountry过去分词过去分词定语定语thethe wayway toto
2、 studystudy EnglishEnglish (4)(4) I I cancant t findfind thethe girlgirl inin red.red.定语：用来限定、修饰名词或代词的；汉语中用定语：用来限定、修饰名词或代词的；汉语中用“的的” 。主要是由形容词充当主要是由形容词充当，此外名词此外名词、分词分词（现在现在、过去过去） 、数词数词、代词代词、动词不定式以及介词短语也动词不定式以及介词短语也可以充当定语。可以充当定语。定语：前置定语：单个的单词作定语，放于被修饰的词的前面；定语：前置定语：单个的单词作定语，放于被修饰的词的前面；后置定语：短语或从句作定语，放于被
3、修饰的词的后面；后置定语：短语或从句作定语，放于被修饰的词的后面；定语从句：用一个完整的句子去充当定语；定语从句：用一个完整的句子去充当定语；2.2.结构结构TheThe manman isis a a policeman.policeman.TheThe manman liveslives nextnext toto us.us.TheThe manman（TheThe manman liveslives nextnext toto usus. .） isis a a policeman.policeman.TheThe manmanthethe manman liveslives next
4、next toto ususisis a a policeman.policeman.TheThe manmanA A （whowho） liveslives nextnext toto ususisis a a policeman.policeman.（A=theA=the manman）被修饰的词被修饰的词A A定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句= =被修饰的词被修饰的词+A+A+从句从句定语从句定语从句= = 先行词先行词+ +关系词关系词 + +从句从句 （先行词先行词：被修饰的词被修饰的词；关系词关系词：连接先行词和从句的词连接先行词和从句的词） ；3.3.关系词的作用（连、替、充关系
5、词的作用（连、替、充） ：1)1) 连接先行词和从句；连接先行词和从句；2)2) 替代先行词；替代先行词；3)3) 在从句中充当句子成分（主、宾、表、定、状在从句中充当句子成分（主、宾、表、定、状） ；关系词的分类：关系词的分类：1)1) 关系代词（关系词在从句中充当主、宾、表、定语关系代词（关系词在从句中充当主、宾、表、定语） ：thatthat、whichwhich、whowho、whomwhom、whosewhose、asas 关系代词关系代词1.1. thatthat先行词先行词：人人、物物 主主、宾宾、表表 存在只用存在只用 thatthat 的情况的情况; ; 不能用于介词后不能用
6、于介词后；不能用于非限制性定语从句不能用于非限制性定语从句2.2. whichwhich先行词：物先行词：物主、宾主、宾3.3. whowho（主格）（主格）先行词：人先行词：人主、宾主、宾 不能用于介词后不能用于介词后4.4. whomwhom（宾格）（宾格）先行词：人先行词：人宾宾5.5. whosewhose先行词：人、物先行词：人、物定（定（. .的）的）（先行词和从句主语是所属关系）（先行词和从句主语是所属关系）whosewhose +n.=+n.= thethe +n.+n. ofof whichwhich先行词指物先行词指物whosewhose +n.=+n.= thethe +
7、n.+n. ofof whomwhom先行词指人先行词指人egeg：PleasePlease passpass meme thethe bookbook whosewhose covercover isis green.green.egeg：PleasePlease passpass meme thethe bookbook thethe covercover ofof whichwhich isis green.green.四、认识关系副词四、认识关系副词1.1. whenwhen先行词：时间先行词：时间wherewhere先行词：地点先行词：地点whywhy先行词：原因先行词：原因关系副词
8、里的考点：关系副词里的考点：1.1. 关系副词关系副词= =介词介词+which+which1)1) why=forwhy=for whichwhich2)2) whenwhen、where=where=介词（自行选择）介词（自行选择）+which+which介词的选择：根据从句的句意；根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配；介词的选择：根据从句的句意；根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配；时间前的介词：时间前的介词：atat、onon、inin1)1) I I stillstill rememberremember thethe day_day_ whenwhen _ mymy brotherbrother jo
9、inedjoined thethe army.-army.-主谓宾主谓宾I I stillstill rememberremember thethe day_onday_on whichwhich _ mymy brotherbrother joinedjoined thethe army.army.when=when=onon whichwhich2)2) I I livelive inin thethe roomroom _where_where_ hehe usedused toto live.live.I I livelive inin thethe roomroom _in_in w
10、hich_which_ hehe usedused toto live.live.where=where= inin whichwhich3)3) ThisThis isis thethe reasonreason whywhy I I didndidnt t comecome here.here.ThisThis isis thethe reasonreasonforfor whichwhich I I didndidnt t comecome here.here.why=forwhy=for whichwhich2.2. 当从句缺少主、宾、表、定时，但是先行词却不是人或物；则选择当从句缺少
11、主、宾、表、定时，但是先行词却不是人或物；则选择 thatthat、whichwhich；I I stillstill rememberremember thethe days_days_ whenwhen _that/which_that/which_ wewe spentspent（thethe daysdays） together.together.缺宾语缺宾语关系代词关系代词2)2) 关系副词（关系词在从句中充当状语关系副词（关系词在从句中充当状语） ：whenwhen、wherewhere、whywhy非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句名称名称意义意义结构要求结构要求功能功能引导词引导
12、词限制性限制性起限定作用起限定作用，指特定指特定的人或物，不可省的人或物，不可省略略，否则原句句意不否则原句句意不完整完整紧跟先行词，同紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般先行词之间一般不加逗号。不加逗号。修饰先行词修饰先行词关系代词、关系关系代词、关系副词或副词或 thatthat（作作宾语时可以省宾语时可以省略）略）非限制性非限制性仅作补充说明作用仅作补充说明作用，若省略不影响原句若省略不影响原句句意。句意。用逗号与主句隔用逗号与主句隔开开修饰先行词或整修饰先行词或整个句子个句子关系代词、关系关系代词、关系副词副词，不用不用 thatthatasas & & whichwhich
13、引导非限制性定语从句的区别：引导非限制性定语从句的区别：位置的不同：位置的不同：WhichWhich（放句中）（放句中） 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；asas 位置较灵活，也就是说位置较灵活，也就是说 asas 可置于所可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：1.1. HeHe waswas latelate again,again, whichwhich mademade hishis teacherteacher veryvery angry.angry.2.2. Jack,Jack, as
14、as youyou know,know, isis anan honesthonest man.man. 或或 JackJack isis anan honesthonest manman , , asas youyou know.know.或或 AsAs youyou know,know, JackJack isis anan honesthonest man.man.先行词的不同：先行词的不同：asas 引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；whichwhich 引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。引导非限
15、制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。HeHe waswas proud,proud, whichwhich hishis brotherbrother nevernever was.was. （先行词是一个词）（先行词是一个词）SheShe waswas veryvery patientpatient towardstowards thethe children,children, whichwhich herher husbandhusband seldomseldom was.was.HeHe waswas proud,proud, whichwhich I I di
16、slikedislike veryvery much.much.（先行词是一个句子）（先行词是一个句子）HeHe isis anan honesthonest man,man, asas isis knownknown toto all.all.HeHe waswas a a foreigner,foreigner, asas I I knowknow fromfrom hishis accent.accent.asas 一般译为一般译为 正如正如就像就像 ， 这一点这一点 asas wewe allall knowknow；asas youyou know;know; asas isis k
17、nownknown toto all;all; asas youyou see;see; asas wewe cancan see;see; asas hashas beenbeenexpected;expected; asas wewe havehave imagined.imagined.TheThe samesameasas 与与 thethe samesamethatthat 的区别的区别TheThe samesameasas 指的是同一类事物指的是同一类事物, , 例如例如SheShe boughtbought thethe samesame shirtshirt asas I I
18、wear.wear.TheThe samesamethatthat 指的是同一个事物，例如指的是同一个事物，例如TheThe policepolice foundfound thethe samesame carcar thatthat I I lostlost lastlast week.week.（关系词判断（关系词判断= =从句的句子成分问题：从句的句子成分问题：关系代词关系代词/ /副词副词+ +先行词：先行词：哪一个哪一个）先行词指物先行词指物先行词指先行词指人人只用 which只用 that只用 who1.介词后；1.A1.A zoozoo isis a a parkparkini
19、n whichwhich manymany kindskinds ofof animalsanimalsareare keptkept forfor exhibition.exhibition.2.Is2.Is thisthis thethe roomroom inin whichwhich Mr.Mr.WhiteWhite lives?lives?先行词为先行词为 much,much, little,little, none,none, all,all,few,few, every(thing),every(thing), any(thing),any(thing),no(thing),no
20、(thing), thethe oneone 等不定代词或受等不定代词或受其修饰时其修饰时; ;1.We1.We shouldshould dodo allall thatthat isis usefuluseful totothethe peoplepeople .2.Theres.2.Theres nothingnothing thatthatcancan bebe saidsaid aboutabout itit . .1.先行词是指人的不定代先行词是指人的不定代词词one、 ones、 someone、 anyone、those；2.非限制性定语从句；1.Crusoes1.Crusoe
21、s dog,dog, whichwhich waswas arearenownow veryvery old,old, becamebecame illill andanddieddied . .2 2 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时; ;1.This1.This isis thethe bestbest thatthat cancan bebe donedonenow.now. 2.The2.The mostmost importantimportant thingthingthatthat shouldshould bebe donedone rightrig
22、ht nownow isis howhowtoto stopstop himhim fromfrom goinggoing on.on.2.there be 句型句型， 先行词指人先行词指人；在一个句子中有两个定语从句，在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了了 that,that, 另一个宜用另一个宜用 whichwhich . .3.3.先行词既有人又有物先行词既有人又有物, ,只用只用 that.that.如如 1.The1.The writerwriter andand hishis novelnovel thatthatyouyou ha
23、vehave justjust talkedtalked aboutabout isis reallyreallywellwell knownknown . .2.The2.The riderrider andand hishis bikebike thatthat hadhadrunrun overover anan oldold womanwoman werewere heldheld upupbyby thethe police.police.3.人称代词（he、you、she）做先行词；当关系代词后面带有插入语当关系代词后面带有插入语时时. .1.1. HeresHeres theth
24、e EnglishEnglish grammargrammarwhich,which, asas I I havehave toldtold you,you, willwillhelphelp improveimprove youryour English.English.4 4 先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时时, ,包括包括 thethe last,last, thethe next;next;1.When1.When wewe talktalk aboutabout Wuxi,Wuxi, thethe firstfirstthatthat comescome
25、s intointo mindmind isis TaiTai Lake.Lake.2.This2.This isis thethe thirdthird filmfilm thatthat hashasbeenbeen shownshown inin ourour schoolschool thisthis term.term.4. 非限制性定语从句； 先 行 词 本 身 是先 行 词 本 身 是 that,that, 宜宜 用用whichwhich . .WhatsWhatsthatthatwhichwhichshesheisislookinglooking at?at?5.5.先行词在从
26、句中充当表语；先行词在从句中充当表语； HeHe isisnotnot thethe youngyoung manman thatthat hehe waswas 3030yearsyears ago.ago.先行词是先行词是 those+those+复数名词复数名词. .A A shopshop shouldshould keepkeep a a stockstock ofofthosethose goodsgoods whichwhich sellsell best.best.6 6 先行词被先行词被 thethe only,only, thethe veryvery 修修饰时饰时; ;1
27、.The1.The onlyonly thingthing thatthat wewe couldcould dodowaswas toto wait.2.Thatswait.2.Thats thethe veryvery wordwordthatthat isis wronglywrongly used.used.7.主句是主句是以以whwho o或或whicwhich h开头的疑问句开头的疑问句时时，关系代词宜用关系代词宜用 thatthat，以避免重复以避免重复。1.1. WhichWhich isis thethe bookbook thatthat youyou likelikebest?2.best?2. WhoWho isis thethe manman thatthat isisstandingstanding atat thethe gate?gate?主句是主句是 ThereThere bebe 结构，修饰其主句的结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用定语从句宜用 thatthat 作关系代词作关系代词. . 如如：ThereThere isis stillstill a a seatseat inin thethe cornercornerthatthat isis stillstill free.free.
