1、宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。that 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said （that） he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know （that）she is seriously ill.I am sure （that） he will succeed.2. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when,where
2、, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who（whom）they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。If 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否”。例如I want to know if（whether）he lives there.H
3、e asked me whether（if）I could help him.【宾语从句歌诀】宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how 展风采。展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选 that，疑问需用 if/whether 连。特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的 if/when，从句的简化记心间。【歌诀解码】一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。如We knew（that）we should learn from each other.2
4、. 由 if/whether 引导的宾语从句。如Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.3. 由 who，where，how 等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest postoffice?二、三关1. 引导词关如果从句是陈述句，引导词用 that（that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略） ；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用 if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句， 引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。2. 语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不
5、变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teachersaid（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/whether heworks hard.When did he leave? I dont know. I dont know whenhe left.3. 时态关如果主句是现在的时态， 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 如：Ihear（that）he will come
6、back next week.如果主句是过去的某种时态， 那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时自然现象等时，不管主句是不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：He said thatlight travels much faster thansound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是
7、第三人称，不用变化。如：“May I use your knife?” He asked me. He asked me if hemight use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number?” He asked me.He asked me if I know her telephone number.2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know whowill give us a talk.Do you kno
8、w? Where does he live? Do you know where helives?四、两副面孔if 和 when 既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow, I wont come.（时间状语从句）I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）五、从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是 find，see，watch，hear 等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构， 宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 V-ing形式。如：She fou
9、nd that the wallet was lying on the ground.She found the wallet lying on the ground.2. 当主句谓语动词是 hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. Sheagreed to help me with my maths.3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中， 当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词
10、不定式”结构。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the station? Can you tellme how to get to the station?【中考范例】1. Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002.A. where does she liveB. Where she livesC. where did she liveD. where shelived（北京市中考试题）【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选 D。2. Would you please tell
11、 me _?（上海市徐汇区中考试题）A. when did he come homeB. where he would playfootballC. if he had seen the filmD. why he didnt watchthe game【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时， 宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。3. I dont know when _.A. will the train leaveB. the train willleaveC. would the train leaveD. the trainleave（
12、哈尔滨市中考试题）【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有 B 在语序和时态上符合要求。4. -We dont know _.-It is said that he was born in Sweden.（常州市中考试题）A. what he isB. if helives hereC. where he comes fromD. which countryis he from【解析】答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A 和 B 可以排除掉。D 的语序不对，只有 C 正确。来练练吧！一、选择填空。（）1. What did
13、Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next weekB. whatcolour was itC.theweatherisfineD. summer comes after spring（）2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he fromB. thatthe earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come backD. not to beso angry（）3. Let me tell you _.A.howmuchisthecarB. how much
14、 does the car costC. how much did I pay for the carD. howmuch I spent on the car（）4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a yearD. when they will leave for Paris（）5. Could you tell me _?A. where do you liveB.who you ar
15、e waiting forC. who were you waiting forD. whereyou live in（）6. She told me the sun _ in the east.A. riseB. roseC. risesD. hadrisen（）7. I cant understand _the boy alone.A. why she leftB. why didshe leaveC. why she had leftD. why had sheleft（）8. I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get
16、B. why he getsC. whydoes he getD. why he got（）9. The manager came up to see _.A. what was the matterB. what thematter wasC. what the matter isD. whats thematter（）10. He asked his father _.A. where it happensB. where did ithappenC. how it happenedD. how did it happen二、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1. “These f
17、lowers are from Guangdong.” Tom said.Tom said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. “Light travels faster than sound.” My teacher told Mark.My teacher told Mark _ light _ faster thansound.3. “There will be a meeting in five days.” Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in fivedays.4. “C
18、an they speak French?” I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5. “Are the children playing games?” Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6. “Have you finished your homework yet?” Mr. Guo asked SunJia.Mr. Guo asked Sun Jia _ _ _ _ _ homeworkyet.7. How many people can you see in the picture?
19、Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in thepicture?8. Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car?9. “What does he often talk about?” Nancy wondered.Nancy wondered _ _ often _ about.10. Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.三、用合适的连接词填空
20、。1. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today? （who,whom）3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if）4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）6.
21、 They dont know _ to go or wait. （if, whether）7. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow.（whether, if）8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. （where, what）9. I dont know _ so many people are looking at him. （how,why）10. Do you know _ you are studying for? （why, what）四、句型转换。1. “Do you want to try
22、it?” Toms mother asked him.（同义句） Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try it.2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） I _ _ this _ a good idea.3. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ buy.4. I dont know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） I dont know _ _ _ to thehospita
23、l.5. I dont suppose they will come, _ _? （改为反意疑问句）五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. We are sure that he _（go）to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _（be）the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office _（is）?4. Our father said that he _（will）buy a new com5. I hear that he _（swim）in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father _（work）.7. He said that he _（finish）his work already.8. They thought they could _（hike）to the top of themountain.9. He was glad that so many people _（help）him.10. She doesnt know whether _（go）or wait.
