1、一、基础知识1.字母:26 个字母的大小写A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Za b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z2.语音:元音的发音5 个元音字母:A E I O U12 个单元音:前元音:i: e 中元音:: 后元音:: : u: 双元音(8 个)合口双元音ai ei au u i集中双元音i u3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词4.句子:大小写,标点符号二、语法知识名词:名词单复数,名词的格(一)名词单复数一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-b
2、ags, cat-cats, bed-beds以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild
3、-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原形:paper,juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名词的格(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:a) 单数后加 s 如: Lucys ruler,my fathers shirtb) 以 s 结尾的复数名词后加 如: his friends bagsc) 不以 s 结尾的复数后加s childrens shoes并列名词中,如果把 s 加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:
4、Tom and Mikes car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加s, 如:Toms and Mikes cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2) 表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类(1) 不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头的可数名词前用 an :an egg / an apple / an orange(2) 定冠词:thethe egg / the plane2. 用法:定冠词的用法:特指某
5、(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys arent at school.在序数词前:Johns birthday is February the second.用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词的情况:专有名词前:China is a big country.名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This
6、 is my baseball.复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers.在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday.一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.在称呼或头衔的名词
7、前:This is Mr Li.固定词组中:at noon at night by bus代词、形容词、副词代词:人称代词,物主代词形容词,副词:比较级,最高级(一)、形容词的比较级1. 形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词 than。比较级前面可以用 more, alittle 来修饰表示程度。than 后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2. 形容词加 er 的规则:一般在词尾加 er ;以字母 e 结尾,加 r ;以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 er ;以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把 y 变 i,再加 er 。3.
8、不规则形容词比较级:good-better,beautiful-more beautiful(二)副词的比较级1. 形容词与副词的区别(有 be 用形,有形用 be;有动用副,有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或 be 动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2. 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化: well-better, far-farther)数词:序数词、基数词(1) 1-20one,two, three,our, five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten, eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fiftee
9、n, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty(2) 21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。23twenty-three,34thirty-four,45fortyfive,56fifty-six,67sixty-seven,78seventy-eight,89eighty-nine,91ninety-one(3) 101999 先说“几百”,再加 and,再加末两位数或末位数;586five hundred and eighty-six,803eight hundred and three(4) 1,000 以上,先从右往左数,每三
10、位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为 thousand. 第二个“,”前为 million,第三个“,”前为 billion1,001 one thousand and one18,423 eighteen thousand four hundred and twenty-three6,260,309 six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750,000,000,000 seven hundred and fifty bilion序数词(1) 一般在基数词后加 theg. fourfourth,thirt
11、eenthirteenth(2) 不规则变化onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,eighteighth,nineninth,twelvetwelfth(3) 以 y 结尾的十位整数,变 y 为 ie 再加 thtwentytwentieth,fortyfortieth,ninetyninetieth(4) 从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth基数词基数词转为序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.一,二,三,特殊记
12、,词尾字母 t, d, d.八去 t, 九去 e, ve 要用 f 替。ty 将 y 变成 i,th 前面有个 e.若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind 等1. at 表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。at 1:00 (dawn,midnight , noon) 在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)2.on1) 表示具体日期。注:(1)关于在周末的几种表示法:at(on) the weekend在周末-特指at (on) weekends在周末-泛指over the weekend在整个周末during the weekend在周末期间
13、(2)在圣诞节,应说 at Christmas? 而不说 on Christmas?2) 在(刚)的时候On reaching the city he called up his parents.一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。3.in1) 表示时段、时期,在多数情况下可以和 during 互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。in (during) 1988 (December, the 20th century) 在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)动词:动词的四种时态(1) 一般现在时:一般现在时的构成1. be 动词:主语+be (am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我
14、是一个男孩。2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English. 我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加-s或-es。如:Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。动词+s 的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2.以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y 结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:study-studies(2) 一般过
15、去时:动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:A、规则动词 一般直接在动词的后面加 ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited 以 e 结尾的动词直接加 d:如 lived , danced , used 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词要改 y 为 i 再加 ed (此类动词较少)如 study studiedcarry carried worry worried (注意 play、stay 不是辅音字母加 y ,所以不属于此类) 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stoppedB、 不规则动词(此类词并无规则, 须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和
16、过去式: sing sang , eat ate ,see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read ,fly flew , am/is was ,are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew ,come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt(3) 一般将来时:基本结构:be going
17、to + do;will+ do. be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.(4) 现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词动词现在分词详解 动词的 ing 形式的构成规则: 一般的直接在后面加上 ing , 如 doing , going , working , singing , eating 以 e 结尾的动词,要先去 e 再加 ing,如 having , writing 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming
18、 , sitting , getting三、句法1.陈述句(1) 肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:Im a student.She is a doctor.He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.(2) 否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor.He does not (doesnt) work
19、 in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom.He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening.2. 疑问句一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes,或“no”来回答。特殊疑问句: 以特殊疑问词 (what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how 等) 开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes /no”来回
20、答。3.There be 句型There be 句型与 have, has 的区别1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)2、在 there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用 is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用 are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近 be 动词的那个名词决定。3、there be 句型的否定句在 be 动词后加 not , 一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。4、there be 句型与 have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人); have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。5、some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。6、and 和 or 在 there be 句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:Whats + 介词短语?微信扫描下方二维码,免费获取语数英绘本微信扫描下方二维码,免费获取语数英绘本