1、 1 高考英语语法-虚拟语气划重点 在动词在动词 wish 后面的宾语从句中， 表示不可能实现的愿望， 其动词形式有三后面的宾语从句中， 表示不可能实现的愿望， 其动词形式有三 种种 （1） 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。 I wish I had time to read. （2）表示与过去事实相反的愿望，或表示已经发生的一件遗憾事， 谓语动词用“had +动词过去分词”。 I wish I had studied very hard. （ 3 ） 表 示 将 来 难 以 实 现 的 或 很 可 能 相 反 的 愿 望 ， 谓 语 动 词 用 “would/could/migh
2、t+动词原形”。 I wish he would be more careful. I wish he would do the job better. She wishes I would go with her. 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 (if 条件句下的虚拟语气条件句下的虚拟语气) 从 句 主 句 与现在事实 相反 动词的过去式（be 的过去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 与过去事实 相反 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词 与将来
3、事实 相反 动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动 词原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 2 终点终点 1.Without (没有没有),but for(要不是要不是), otherwise(否则否则), 这些词可以表这些词可以表 示某种假设情况示某种假设情况,从而省略条件句从而省略条件句. I was busy last week ,otherwise I would have come to see you . = I was busy last week ,if I had not been busy last week,
4、I would have come to see you 1. Without electricity, human life_ quite different today. 对现在进行虚拟 A. is B. Will be C. would have been D. would be 2.But for the Party, he _of hunger 30 years ago. 对过去进行虚拟 A.would have died B.would die C. must die D. must have died 3. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _y
5、our bitrhday party. 对过去进行 虚拟 A. Attended B. have attended C. Would attend D. would have attended 练习 We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited【答案】D 重点重点 2. 省略连词省略连词 if 的虚拟条件句中的虚拟条件句中 (易错点易错点)
6、如果把连接条件从句的连词 if 省略，必须将从句的谓语部分的助动词 had, 情态动词 should 或系动词 were 等移至主语之前，构成倒装语序。 谐音记忆： （还 had 属 should 我 were） Had he known my address (=If_he had known_my adress_), he would have visited me earlier. Should I meet Jay Zhou some day(=If_I should meet Jay Zhou), I might tell him that I like him. Were I yo
7、u (=If _I were you_), I would get on well with my teachers and classmates. 3 重点重点 3. 在在 as if, as though 方式状语从句中（基础知识方式状语从句中（基础知识） 在 as if/though 后的方式状语从句中，表示某种情况与现在的事实相反, 谓语动词用过去式；表示即将发生的情况“用情态动词+动词原形” ；表示 某种的情况有过去的事实相反, 谓语动词用过去完成时。 The coach always treats the players as if he _were_(be) their own
8、father. Her head felt as if it _had burst_(burst). Gary was behaving as though nothing _had happened_（happen）. 有时：as if/though 从句描述的是事实，则用陈述语气。 It looks as if it is going to rain. It sounds as though she has been really ill. 重点 4 如果是真实事实，那么用正常的陈述语气。 例如 It looks as if it is going to rain.(确实要下雨)。 5.
9、If it were not for the fact that she sing, I would invite her to the party. (她确实不会唱歌) A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not 重点重点五：五： 错综时间条件句错综时间条件句 主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句谓语动词所表示的动作并不是同 时发生,这时动词的形式并不完全按照上述表格形式进行,而需要按照各自 的时间来调整,这样的句子就叫错综时间条件句. If you had followed the doctors advice, you would have be
10、en all right then. 如果你那时听了医生的话,你那时就好了. (主句与从句发生的时间同 时.) 4 If you had followed the doctors advice (then), you would be all right now. 如果你那时听了医生的话,你现在就好了. (主句与从句发生的时间不同,应按照主句与从句各自的时间做调整.) If you had watered them more, the crops would have grown still better. (表示对过去的虚拟) 如果你早就给庄稼多浇些水,他们就会长得更好 If you had
11、 watered them more ,the crops would be growing still better. 如果你再给庄稼多浇些水,他们会长得更好.(指现在长得更好.) 如果到现在我还没有写完作文,我明天就还得写它. (从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与将来事实相反.) If I hadnt finished my composition by now, I would be working on it tomorrow. 如果他昨天把功课都准备好的话,他现在就不会这么困难. If he had prepared well for his lessons yesterday, h
12、e wouldnt have so many difficulties now. 重点六：在“It +be +某些形容词或过去分词+that”的句型中，主语从句 中的动词形式常用“(should)+动词原形” 。 常用的形容词有：necessary, important, impossible, natural, strange 常 用 的 过 去 分 词 通 常 是 表 示 建 议 ， 要 求 ， 命 令 等 5 suggestd,required,requested,demanded ,ordered,desired,advised,. It is natural that he shou
13、ld say so. It is necessary that the problem should be discussed at once. 重点七.表示建议.要求.命令类的名词性从句 一坚持. insist 二命令, order, command 三建议,advice, suggest, propose, 四要求 demand, require, request, desire ，通常用“should+动词原形” 。 Should 可以省略 He suggested that we should visit the palace right away. She proposed that
14、 the meeting be put off. He ordered that they should start off immediately. I demanded that he should answer me at once. 在表示建议，要求，命令等名词之后的表语从句，同位语从句中，通常 用“should+动词原形” 。 这些名词有：idea, proposal, order suggestion,decesion, advice His proposal is that the meeting (should) be put off. Our suggestion is th
15、at you (should) be the first to go. 重点八:在“Its (about, high) time + that 从句”结构中，从句中谓语动词 用过去式表示一种建议，意思是“该做某事了” 。 6 You look so tired tonight. Its time you went to bed. Its high time you got up. It is time we started off. 重点九 if only 句型 “要是该多好啊！ ” 谓语动词用法同 wish,谓语动词 用过去式，过去完成式,或 would/could/shoud/might+
16、动词原形表示虚拟语 气。 If only I could see him now. If only I hadnt lost it. 重点十：would ratherhad rather 后跟从句，谓语动词通常用过去式表示 与现在或者将来的虚拟，用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。 I would rather you came tomorrow Id rather you hadnt accepted their invitation yesterday. I would rather you had not done it. 重点十一: Lest ,in case ,for fear that
17、唯恐，以免 从句谓语动词使用 should +动词原形 情态动词与虚拟语气使用真题单句语法填空 【2018 北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _ had driven _ (drive)a few more kilometers. 【2018 江苏】 27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ had _(have) a second chance to become more involved. 7 【2018 天津】 10. I cant
18、find my purse. I_ could have left _(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure. 【2018 江苏】24. Its strange that he _should_have taken the books without the owners per mission. 解析：It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that. 主语从句多 数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。 但是如果只是表示陈述一个
19、事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈 述语气。试比较： It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实： 他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。 ） It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。 ） 【2017 北京卷】34. If the new safety system _ had been put _（put） to use, the accident would never have happened. Why didnt you tell m
20、e about your trouble last week? If you _ had told _ (tell) me, I could have helped. If it_ had not been _(not be) for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I _ danced _(dance)as well as her. We _would be_(be) back in the hotel now if you didnt los
21、e the map. 错综时间条件句 If he had spent more time practicing English before, he _ would be _ (be)able to speak it much better now. 8 巩固练习 1. If we _ yesterday, we _ the work. A. werent interrupted; would finish B. didnt interrupt; would have finished C. hadnt interrupted; had finished D. hadnt been inter
22、rupted; would have finished 2. Do you think the thief entered through the garage door? No. If he had, I dont believe _ broken the living room window. A. would he have B. he had C. he would have D. he has 3. It is time that you _ home and Id rather you _ again tomorrow. A. should go; would come B. we
23、nt; came C. go; came D. should go; will come 4. Helen doesnt know how much I spent in repairing the house. If she ever found out, Im sure _. A. shed never forgive me B. she never forgives me C. shell never forgive me D. she had never forgiven me 5. He has just come out of the hospital. No wonder he
24、looks as if he _ ill for a long time. A. was B. were C. has been D. had been 6. But for his friends, he _ of hunger 30 years ago. A. died B. would die C. must have died D. would have died 7. Were safer in a train than we would be if we _ any other way. A. traveled B. had traveled C. travel D. would
25、travel 9 8. If he _ tomorrow, I should give him the dictionary he needs. A. comes B. should come C. would come D. will come 9. Were it not for the debts, we _ all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. are 10. I suggested yesterday a meeting _ to discuss the matter. A. be held B. should ho
26、ld C. would be held D. must be held 11. If only we _ as we were told. This would never have happened. A. had done B. would done C. do D. did 12. Supposing he never _, what would happen then? A. came B. come C. would come D. will come 13. Why didnt anybody ring me up? Sorry, I lost your telephone num
27、ber. Otherwise, I _ long before. A. had rung you up B. must have rung you up C. would have rung you up D. ought have rung you up 14. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night. A. should be B. were C. had been D. was 15. He would gain weight but he _ enough. A. wouldnt eat B. doesnt eat C. didnt eat D. hadnt eaten 参考答案
