1、小学英语总复习知识点纲要知识点纲要m一、名词m二、介词m三、代词m四、形容词m五、副词m六、情态动词m七、一般疑问句m八、特殊疑问句m九、时态m名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分。m可数名词可用数字来计算，有单、复数形式，不可数名词不能用数字来计算，没有复数形式。m可数名词单数变复数规则 m1一般情况，直接在名词后加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, foot-foots m2以s. x. sh. ch结尾的词，在词尾加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches 以“辅音字母+y”结尾得词，变y为i, 再加-es，如：f
2、amily-families, baby-babies 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives,wife-wives 不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice，child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, sheep-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写出下列各词的复数 I _ him _
3、this _ her _ watch _child _that _photo_ day_ sandwich_ boy_dress_tooth_sheep_ box_man_woman_ toy_ family_ we they that they watches children those photos days sandwiches boys dresses teethsheep boxes men women toys families介词介词下面就时间概念的介词用法做一简要介绍和比较。 1 at (1)表示时间概念的某一个点。（在具体的某一时刻和时段等） at night ； at 6
4、:00 (2)表示在某一具体地点（小地点）。如at the bus stop ,at home 2. on (1) 在上面（表面接触；长在上面）。如on the chair,on the tree (2)在某天的上午、下午或晚上。如:on Monday ,on Tueday moring 3in （1）在里面。如：in the box （2）在一段时间里。如:in the moring （3）在某一年份、季节、月份。如：in 2014，in October,in summer （4）在上（外来）如：There is a cat in the tree. 4after （1）在之后（时间）。如：
5、I often play football school . (2)在后面(位置)。如：I can run after you . 口诀（时间介词）口诀（时间介词） 年月周前要用年月周前要用inin，日子前面却不行。，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用遇到几号要用onon，上午下午又是，上午下午又是inin。要说某日上下午，用要说某日上下午，用onon换换inin才能行。才能行。午夜黄昏须用午夜黄昏须用atat，黎明用它也不错。，黎明用它也不错。atat也用在时分前，说也用在时分前，说“差差”可要用上可要用上toto，说说“过过”只可使用只可使用pastpast，多说多练牢牢记，多说多练牢牢记，莫让
6、岁月空蹉跎。莫让岁月空蹉跎。介词介词口诀（方位介词） in在里，out在外，在旁边的是beside，靠近的为by，on 在上，under在下，over在上头，below在底下。介词介词 一、介词填空 1、_ the school playground 2、 _ Wednesday 3、 a lot _ fruit trees 4、live _ a town 5、 look _ them 7、_ New Year 6、 _ Christmas Day 介词介词 词词 语语 练练 习习InOn ofin atAtAt 一、人称代词和物主代词 1、人称代词有主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动
7、词之前，宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。 2、物主代词有形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。3、指示代词 共有四个：this,that,these,those。this 和that 用于指代单数，these和 those用于指代复数。 4、疑问代词 一般用来构成特殊疑问句，常见的疑问代词有who（谁）,when什么时候）,where（哪里）,what（什么）,how（怎样） ,which（哪一个）等等。代词代词人人称称代代词词:人人称称代代词词是是指指直直接接指指代代人人或或者者事事物物的的代代词词物物主主代代词：词：表表示示所所有有关关系系的的代
8、代词词叫叫做做物物主主代代词，词，也也叫叫人人称称代代词词的的所所有有格格m指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式。mthis和these指在时间或空间上较近的人或者事物，that和those指在时间或空间上较远的人或者事物。例如：mThis is a pen and thats an eraser. 这是一支笔，那是块橡皮擦。mThis is a boy and those are girls. 这是个男孩，这些是女孩。m当指示代词所指的事物已确定时，后面的指示代词则用it或they代替。如：mThis (suit) is expensive,
9、isnt it? 这套衣服昂贵，不是吗？mAre those yours? Yes, they are. “那些是你的吗？”“是的，它们是我的。指示代词：用来指示人或物，分单数和复数形式指示代词：用来指示人或物，分单数和复数形式 m常见的疑问代词有who（谁）when（什么时候）,where（哪里）,what（什么）,how（怎样） ,which（哪一个）等等。疑问代词：一般用来构成特殊疑问句疑问代词：一般用来构成特殊疑问句用所给词的适当形式填空 1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I ) 2
10、. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you ) 6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she ) 7. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi
11、. These cakes are _. ( it ) 练习练习 my mine hers her your mine He His his Our yourshers Itsits8. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 9. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he ) 10. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she ) 11. So many dogs. Let
12、s count _. ( they ) 三、用am, is, are 填空 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 练习练习 their theirs themTheirsHe himShe herShe them amAre am2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. You, he and I _ from China. 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7.
13、 Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 8. Whose dress _ this? 9. Whose socks _ they? 10. That _ my red skirt. isis is are isis areis are is形容词：用于修饰名词，通常置于名词前形容词：用于修饰名词，通常置于名词前不规则变化的形容词: little / few（原形） - less （比较级）- least（最高级） good（原形） - better（比较级） - best（最高级） bad （原形） - worse（比较级） - worst（最高级 ）情态动词无人称和数的
14、变化，情态动词后面跟的动词须用须用原形原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 not。个别情态动词有现在式和 过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气， 委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于 过去， 现在或 将来。情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：can (could),may (might),must,need,shall (should),will (would)情态动词：情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话情态动词：情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的人对这一动作或状态的 看法或主观设想看法或主观设想其结构是：系动词系动词be/助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词+主语主语+其他成分其
15、他成分通常回答为： 肯定：Yes，主语+提问的系动词be/助动词/情态动词. 否定：No，主语+提问的系动词be/助动词/情态动词的否定形式.例如：Is he a teacher? 肯定回答：Yes,he is. 否定回答：No,he is not(isnt).一般疑问句：是疑问句的一种。它是只用一般疑问句：是疑问句的一种。它是只用yes（是）（是）或或no（否）来回答的句子。（否）来回答的句子。Be动词动词特特殊殊疑疑问问句：句：以以特特殊殊疑疑问问词词开开头，头，对对句句中中某某一一成成分分提提问问的的句句子子时态时态：是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示时态：是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以
16、表示不同的时间与方式。它是表示行为、动作、状不同的时间与方式。它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式态在各种时间条件下的动词形式一般现在时一般将来时一般现在进行时一般过去时1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，（alway, usually, sometime, never, every day, every week， 如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。2.表示客观现实和普遍的真理。如：The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。3.表示主语的特征、能力、职业、性格。 如：The sky
17、is blue.天空是蓝色的。My mother is a teacher .我妈妈是位老师。 一般现在时基本用法：一般现在时基本用法： 1. be动词： 肯定句：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如： I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 一般现在时的构成：一般现在时的构成：2. 行为动词： 肯定句：主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如： We study E
18、nglish. 我们学习英语。 （当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语） 否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。 如： I dont like bread. （当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如： He doesnt often play.） 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont.。 一般现在时的构成：一般现在时的构成
19、：（三）一般现在时动词第三人称单数形式变化规则： 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：look-looks, play-plays 2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如： wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies,fly-flies 另外，还有一些特殊情况，需熟记。如：havehas 一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时用法练习: 一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink_ go_ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry_come_ wat
20、ch_ fly _ study_ do_ teach_ have_练习练习drinks goes stays makes looks has passescarries comes watches fliesstudies doesteaches has二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _ (not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 6. Wh
21、at _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 练习练习 has aredont watchdoesnt go do dogoesteaches9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. The
22、y _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday. 16. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 练习练习takelikeshaveislooksdoiswaches现在进行时由主语+be+动词ing构成 -现现在在进进行行时：时：表表示示现现在在正正在在进进行行或或发发生生的的动动作作肯
23、定句肯定句 基本结构：主语+be+ 动词ing. 如： I am watching TV. 否定句否定句 基本结构：主语+be not + 动词ing. 如： I am not watching TV. 一般疑问句一般疑问句 基本结构： be动词 +主语 +动词ing? 如： Are you watching TV? Yes , I am./No,I am not. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 基本结构：疑问词+ be +主语+动词ing? 如：What are you doing? 但疑问词当主语时，其结构为：疑问词+ be + 动词ing? 如：Who is watching TV? m动词加i
24、ng（动词现在分词）的变化规则 即动词现在分词构成：动词原形+ing，规则如下： m 一般情况下直接加一般情况下直接加ing think-thinking sleep-sleeping send-sending speak-speaking m以不发音的字母以不发音的字母e结尾的单词结尾的单词,去掉字母去掉字母e，再加，再加ing come-coming make-making leave-leaving have-having take-taking m 以重读闭音节（重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重以重读闭音节（重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重读的音节）结尾，先双写末尾的辅
25、音字母，再加读的音节）结尾，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing stop-stopping sit-sitting run-running skip-skipping 这类词还有：get, run, set, sit, stop, swim, drop 等。 现在进行时动词变化规则现在进行时动词变化规则一、写出下列动词的现在分词： play_ run_ swim _make_ stop_ go_teach_ walk_ write_read_have_shop_sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ 现在进行时专项练习
26、现在进行时专项练习playingrunningswimmingmakingstoppinggoingteachingwalkingwritingreadinghavingshoppingsingingdancingputtingseeingbuyinglovinglivingtakingcominggetting1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _
27、( do ) now? 5 . L o o k . T h e y _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( h a v e ) a n E n g l i s h l e s s o n . 6. ._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 7.Look! The girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our grandma doing? She _(listen ) to music. 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： is drawingare singingis cooking
28、aredoingare havingIswashingare dancingis listening1.They are doing housework.(改为否定句和一般疑问句）2. The students are cleaning the classroom. (改为一般疑问句，并做肯定回答。) 3. Im playing the football in the playground.(对划线部分进行提问。)三、句型转换：三、句型转换：They arent (are not) doing housework.Are they doing housework?Are the student
29、s cleaning the classroom?Yes,they are.What are you doing?常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。一般将来时的用法和结构; 肯定句: 主语+will+ 动词原形+其它. 如：I will go to the park tomorrow. 主语+be going to + 动词原形+其它 如：I am going to go to the park tomorrow. I will go to the pa
30、rk tomorrow. = I am going to go to the park tomorrow. 否定句：在be动词后加not，will后加not(will not=wont)。 例如：I will have a picnic this afternoon. I wont going to have a picnic this afternoon.一般将来时一般将来时 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可以表示打算、计划或准备做某事。在的状态，也可以表示打算、计划或准备做某事。 be going to = will 一般疑问句：把be或wil
31、l提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。 如：I will go to the park tomorrow.-Will you go to the park tomorrow? 特殊疑问句 1、问人疑问词为问人疑问词为(Who) 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon2. 问某人要去干什么疑问词为问某人要去干什么疑问词为(What). 例如：My father is going to watch TV this afternoon. What is your father going to d
32、o this afternoon? 一般将来时一般将来时3. 问某人去哪里疑问词为（问某人去哪里疑问词为（where） 例如： Hes going to have a picnic in the park. Where is he going to have a picnic? 4问某人什么时候去疑问词为（问某人什么时候去疑问词为（when） 例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed? 一、填空 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I have a picnic with my friends. I have a pi
33、cnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What next Monday? I play basketball. What you do next Monday? I play basketball.将来时练习：将来时练习：am going to willare you going to do am going towillwill 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. Isg
34、oingtoweekendis is going to二、按要求改写句子。 1.Nancy is going to dance.（改否定） Nancy _ going to dance. 2.Ill go to school.（改否定） I _ go _school. 3. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? is notwont to Are you going4.We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） 5.She i
35、s going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问） Will we meet at the bus stop at 10:30?What is she going to do after school?三、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12. My brother _(go) to Shanghai next week. 3. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rai
36、n. He _ (go) to school by bike. 4. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? 5. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 6. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. will have is going togoes will goisgoing to dowill visitflew常用的表示过去的时间状语有：yesterday , last year /month/week/night, ju
37、st now, ago. 一般过去时的句型结构; 谓语动词为谓语动词为be动词的句型结构动词的句型结构 肯定句：主语+be动词过去式+其它 如：Mr Li was a teacher ten years ago. 否定句：主语+be动词过去式+not+其它 如： 如：Mr Li was not a teacher ten years ago. be动词过去式+主语+其它 如：Was Mr Li a teacher ten years ago?一般过去式一般过去式 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作作或存在的状态，也
38、表示过去经常或反复发生的动作m 一般过去时一般过去时be动词的变化：动词的变化：mam和is在一般过去时中变为was。m （was not=wasnt） mare在一般过去时中变为were。m （were not=werent） m带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 m谓语动词是实义动词的句型结构谓语动词是实义动词的句型结构 m肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它 如： Jim went home yesterday. m否定句：主语+didnt +动词原形？ 如：Jim didnt
39、 go home yesterday. m一般疑问句： Did+主语+动词原形？ 如：Did Jim go home yesterday? m 特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？ 如： What did Jim do yesterday? 当疑问词做主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went home yesterday? m1.一般在动词末尾加一般在动词末尾加-ed， 如：playplayed, cook-cooked m2.结尾是结尾是e加加d，如：likeliked m3.以重读闭音节结尾，先双写末尾的辅音字母，在加以重读闭音节结尾，先双写末尾的辅音字母，在加-ed，如：
40、stop-stopped m4.以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的，变结尾的，变y为为i， 再加再加-ed，如：study-studied m5.不规则动词过去式不规则动词过去式: am, is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fl
41、y-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 动词过去式变化规则：动词过去式变化规则：一、写出下列动词的过去式 isam_ fly_eat_ are _ look_ drink_ play_ go_ make _ buy_ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ see_ watch_ win_ do _ put _ give_ 过去时练习过去时练习 wasflewatewerelookeddrunkplayedwent madeboughtdid dancedworriedaskedsawwatch
42、ed won didputgave二、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ at school just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week. 3. We _ students two years ago. 4. They _ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year. 6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.was waswerewerewaswas1.He was an English teacher.否定句：一般疑
43、问句：肯定/否定回答：2.All the students are very happy.否定句：一般疑问句：肯定/否定回答：句型转换句型转换He was not an English teacher.Was he an English teacher?Yes,he was./No, he wasnt.All the students are not very happy.Are all the students very happy?Yes,they are./No,they are not.一、用行为动词的适当形式填空 1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ag
44、o.2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 过去时练习过去时练习lived ate hadpicked madeplayed7. My mother _ (cook) a n
45、ice food last Spring Festival. 8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party. 二、句型转换 1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day. 否定句：一般疑问句：肯定/否定回答:cookedsang danced Su Hai didnt take some photos at the Sports day. Did Su Hai take some photos at the Sports day?Yes,he did./ No,he didnt. 2. Nancy
46、went to school early. 否定句：一般疑问句：肯定/否定回答:3. We sang some English songs. 否定句：一般疑问句：肯定/否定回答:Nancy didnt go to school early.Did Nancy go to school early?Yes, she did./ No, she didnt.We didnt sing some English songs.Did you sing some English songs?Yes,we did./ No, we didnt.There be 句型与have, has的区别 1、Ther
47、e be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） 2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is 主语是复数，be 动词用are。如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。 3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。 其他其他5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：
48、and 用于肯定句，用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。用于否定句或疑问句。 7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？ a. an .the的用法的用法1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音辅音读音：a book, a peach， a “U”单词的第一个读音是元音读音元音读音：an egg，an hour， an “F” 2.the要注意的：球类前面不加球类前面不加the，play football 乐器前面要加乐器前面要加the，play the pi
49、ano 序数词前面要加序数词前面要加the, the second1. 直接在基数词词尾加上直接在基数词词尾加上th。如：seventh第七，tenth 第十，thirteenth 第十三， 2.以y结尾的基数词，变y为i，再加上eth。如：twentieth 第二十。3.不规则的。如：first 第一, second 第二， third 第三，fifth 第五， eighth 第八，ninth 第九，twelfth 第十二。4.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词 如：twenty-first 第二十一。基数词变成序数词的方法基数词变成序数词的方法Fill in the blank
50、with “have,has”or “there is , there are” 1. I_a good father and a good mother. 2. _a book on the desk. 3. He_a stamp. 4. _a basketball in the playground. 5. She_some dresses. 6. They_a nice garden. 7. What do you_? 练习练习haveThere ishasThere ishashavehave8. _a reading-room in the building? 9. What doe
