1、专题（九）复合句第二篇语法专题突破第一页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。考点一宾语从句1.引导词引导词用法例句that如果宾语从句是陈述句,常用that引导,that本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow. 收音机说明天要下雨。if, whether如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转化而来,用if或whether引导,在句中意为“是否”I wonder if/whether you have told the news to Li Lei. 我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。第二页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。引导
2、词用法例句who, whose, which, when, where, why, how, what如果宾语从句由特殊疑问句转化而来,应用连接代词或连接副词引导Could you tell me what he said to you? 你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗?第三页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。 注意 下列几种情况,宾语从句中的引导词通常用whether:(1)表示“是否”,尤其是直接与or not 连用时,往往用whether。I dont know whether or not he has come back. 我不知道他是否已经回来了。(2)在介词后面只能用whether,不
3、能用if。This depends upon whether we are determined to do it. 这要看我们是否有决心去做。第四页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。(3)和动词不定式连用时,只能用whether,不能用if。He doesnt know whether to stay or not. 他不知道是否要留下来。(4)在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if。 We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan. 我们讨论了是否应该对计划进行变动。第五页，编辑于星期六：十一点
4、 十分。2.语序无论主句是什么语序,在宾语从句中,除了引导词放在从句的句首外,要用陈述语序,即“主语+谓语+”。但是,当连接代词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时,则要保持原来的语序,即“连接代词+谓语+”。The teacher asked me why I was late this morning.老师问我今天早晨为什么迟到了。I dont know who is the richest of them. (who在宾语从句中作主语)我不知道他们中谁最富有。第六页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。3.时态宾语从句的时态在一定程度上受到主句时态的制约,这种现象被称为前后时态的一致性。宾语从句的时态有以
5、下几种情况:(1)主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况可用各种时态。Do you know who he was talking with at eight last Sunday? 你知道上周日八点他正在和谁谈话吗?第七页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。(2)主句是一般过去时,从句也应用过去的某种时态。The teacher wanted to know if her students had finished their homework. 这位老师想知道她的学生是否已完成了家庭作业。(3)当宾语从句是客观真理或客观事实时,其时态不受主句时态影响,仍用一般现在时。She said the su
6、n rises in the east. 她说太阳从东方升起。I didnt know you like classical music.我过去不知道你喜欢古典音乐。第八页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。4.否定前移在含有think(认为), believe(相信), suppose(设想), expect(期待)等动词的宾语从句中,如果从句中的谓语动词要用否定形式,则其否定式要前移,即将主句的谓语动词think, believe, suppose, expect等变为否定形式。I dont think you are right. 我认为你不对。注意 如果宾语从句中有宾语补足语,要使用形式宾语
7、it,将从句放在宾语补足语之后。I thought it strange that she didnt come. 我认为她没来很奇怪。第九页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。5.宾语从句的简化当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时,宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+to do”结构的简单句。I dont know what I should say.I dont know what to say.我不知道要说什么。第十页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。考点二状语从句状语从句的考查点主要集中在引导状语从句的连词和状语从句的时
8、态等方面。状语从句分为地点状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句。现归纳如下:第十一页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。类型连词例句地点状语从句where, whereverCross the stream where it is the shallowest. 从最浅的地方过河。Well go wherever you say. 你说的任何地方我们都去。第十二页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。类型连词例句时间状语从句when, while, after, before, since, till, until, as,
9、 as soon as, whenever, ever sinceIll phone you as soon as I arrive in Shanghai. 我一到上海就给你打电话。I waited till/until he came back. 我一直等到他回来。Ill tell him when he comes. 当他来的时候,我将告诉他。Whenever were in trouble, theyll help us. 无论何时我们有麻烦,他们都会帮助我们。第十三页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。类型连词例句原因状语从句as, because, since, now thatSusa
10、n didnt come to school yesterday because she was ill. 苏珊昨天没来上学,因为她病了。Since her brother was busy, he didnt come. 她哥哥因为忙没有来。Now that you have finished your homework, you can play basketball.既然你已经完成了家庭作业,你可以打篮球。第十四页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。类型连词例句条件状语从句if, unless,as long asYou wont pass the exam unless you work h
11、arder. 如果不更加努力学习,你将通不过考试。I dont mind as long as it doesnt rain. 只要不下雨就行了。比较状语从句than, asas, not so/asasThis book is more interesting than that one. 这本书比那本书有趣。Maths is as important as physics. 数学和物理同样重要。第十五页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。类型连词例句目的状语从句in case, so that, in order thatShe stood up so that she might see mo
12、re clearly. 她站起来以便能看得更清楚。Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 随身带一顶帽子,以防太晒。结果状语从句sothat, suchthatHe was so angry that he couldnt speak. 他是如此生气,以至于说不出话来。She is such a lovely girl that everyone loves her. 她是一个如此可爱的女孩,大家都喜欢她。第十六页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。类型连词例句让步状语从句although, though, even though, no m
13、atter, whatever, whoeverThough it was late, we went on working. 虽然晚了,但是我们继续工作。No matter what the weather is like, they will go out to have sports tomorrow. 无论天气怎样,他们明天都将出去进行体育运动。第十七页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。【拓展】 (1)主句与从句时态一致的问题在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句的时态一致一般分为下列三种情况:主现从现: 若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词,那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。Be caref
14、ul when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。The traffic must stop when the lights are red. 当红灯亮时,车辆必须停下来。第十八页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。主将从现: 主句用一般将来时,而从句用一般现在时表示将来。I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空时,我将去看望我的好友。If she is here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 如果明天她来这里,我将和她一起去公园。过去时态: 若主从句都是在叙述过去
15、的事情,则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。My sister was playing the piano when I got home yesterday. 昨天我到家时,我妹妹正在弹钢琴。第十九页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。(2)宾语从句和状语从句同时出现I dont know if(是否) he will come.If(如果) he comes, I will tell him about the accident. 我不知道他是否会来。如果他来的话,我将告诉他这起事故。I dont know when(什么时候) he will come tomorrow. When(当的时候
16、) he comes, I will tell him about the news.我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时,我将告诉他这个消息。 第二十页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。(3)sothat和suchthat的用法用法例句so+形容词或副词+that从句She is so lovely that we all love her. 她如此可爱,我们所有人都喜欢她。so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句It is so interesting a book that he enjoys reading it.如此有趣的一本书,他很喜欢读。so+many/few+可数名词复数+
17、that从句There were so many people in the supermarket that we had to wait for a long time. 超市里的人如此多,我们不得不等了很长时间。第二十一页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。用法例句so+much/little(少)+不可数名词+that从句He has so much money that he can afford the house. 他有那么多的钱,能买得起这座房子。such+a/an(+形容词)+可数名词单数+that从句He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.他是那么好的一位老师,我们所有人都尊重他。第二十二页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。用法例句such(+形容词)+可数名词复数+that从句They are such interesting movies that children love them very much. 如此有趣的电影,孩子们非常喜欢它们。such(+形容词)+不可数名词+that从句It was such bad weather that we had to stay at home.天气太糟糕了,我们不得不待在家里。第二十三页，编辑于星期六：十一点 十分。
