1、杨宪益 戴乃迭组员:组员:闫茜闫茜 石玉紫石玉紫熊琦熊琦 李勉李勉*生平杨宪益杨宪益In 1915 Born in TianjinIn 1936 Sent to Oxford to study classicsIn1940 Returned to China, and began their decades long cooperation of introducing Chinese classics to the English-speaking worldIn1941 Married Gladys Taylor(戴乃迭)In 1952 Working for Foreign Langua
2、ges Press, a government funded publisherThe couple produced a remarkable number of translation.*红楼梦红楼梦 A Dream of the Red Mansions老残游记老残游记 Mr.Decadent : Notes Taken in an Outing 离骚离骚 Li Sao儒林外史儒林外史 The Scholars鲁迅选集鲁迅选集 Selected Stories of Lu Xun奥德修纪奥德修纪 Odyssey卖茶女卖茶女 Pygmalion著名译作著名译作*儒林外史红楼梦呐喊*译论翻译
3、理论翻译理论Faithfulness and fluency 忠实和通顺忠实和通顺 Integration of literal translation and free translation with emphasizing the previous one. 直译与意译相结合,直译与意译相结合,直译为主,意译为辅直译为主,意译为辅。 Integration of domestication and foreignization with emphasizing the later one. 异化与归化相结合,异化与归化相结合,异化为主,归化为辅异化为主,归化为辅。 *红楼梦红楼梦杨氏夫妇
4、杨氏夫妇Hawkes书名翻译A Dream of Red MansionThe Dream of the Stone“红楼红楼” 富贵人家的闺房,“富贵华美的建筑”,“显赫的贵族世家”“梦梦” 源于佛经用语,意为世事无常,如同梦幻泡影,转瞬即逝*RedRed“Red” 在英语文化中常与流血流血联系到一起。“Red”表示流血的、犯罪、警告、不详之兆等。 Red Flag(斗牛士用于激怒斗牛的红布)被喻为“令人恼怒的事”。 Red Alert(空袭紧急警报) Red Light(危险信号)“Red”在经贸词汇中象征“赤字”、“亏的” “红红” 在汉语里是褒义色彩最强的颜色词。红色象征红火、太阳、喜
5、庆。 如,传统婚礼 ,春节对联 、红包。红色还象征事业发达、兴旺、成功。 “红榜红榜” “开门红开门红”还可以用红色表达娇羞女儿态。 “红妆红妆” “红颜红颜”*红楼梦红楼梦杨氏夫妇杨氏夫妇Hawkes书名翻译A Dream of Red MansionThe Dream of the Stone异化策略异化策略保留了中文的原文意象但由于英汉文化差异,“红楼”这一社会隐喻对于西方读者无法完全实现移植。考虑到英语文化中红色的贬义联想,以及英语读者的接受性,避开了对“红楼”隐喻的阐释和翻译。*红楼梦红楼梦杨氏夫妇杨氏夫妇Hawkes“怡红院”Happy Red CourtThe House of
6、Green Delights“怡红公子”Happy Red PrinceGreen Boy异化策略异化策略尽量忠实于原文的文化意象,尽可能多地保留中国文化的独有风味。“红红” “” “绿绿”在西方文化中,红色象征着危险和死亡,而绿色则表示健康、快乐之意。这可能会破坏原作者对“红”的隐喻。*直译在翻译经典著作时,杨氏夫妇为了保存原作风姿,尽可能地传达中国语言和社会文化,主要采用了直译的翻译手法。*例例1 1 “这个正好,就叫他是巧哥儿。这叫作以毒攻毒,以以毒攻毒,以火攻火火攻火的法子。”(红楼梦第三十五回)译文:译文:“Why,thats good!Call her Chia-Kou then.
7、 This is what is known as fight prison with prison and fire with fire.” “以毒攻毒,以火攻火”意思是用毒药来治疗毒疮等疾病,比喻利用恶人来制恶人或利用不良实物本身的矛盾来反对不良事物。在此杨氏夫妇采用直译法,译文简练、清楚,与语篇较贴切。*例例2 2 林黛玉笑道:“你说你会过目成诵,难道我就不能一目一目十行十行么?”(红楼梦第二十三回)译文译文:You boast that you can memorize a passage with one reading. Why cant I learn ten lines at
8、a glance? “一目十行”比喻看书速度很快,这里“learn ten lines at a glance” 采用直译法,保留了原作的形象。例例3 3 平儿说道:“癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉。”(红楼梦第十一回)译文译文:“A toad (癞蛤蟆癞蛤蟆) hankering(渴望渴望) for a taste of swan(天鹅天鹅).”Scoffed Ping-er.“癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉”比喻痴心妄想,这里直译。*例例4 4 贾母听了,如火上浇油火上浇油一般。译文译文:This added fuel to the fire of the old ladys anger.“火上浇油”
9、愿意是往火上浇油,用来比喻增加别人的愤怒或促使事态更加严重。由于英语中也用这中比喻,因此杨氏夫妇在翻译时,只根据上下文增加了“anger”一词。*意译*例例1 1 他(闰土)正在厨房里,紫色紫色的圆脸,头戴一顶小毡帽,颈上套一个明晃晃的银项圈,这可见他的父亲十分爱他,怕他死去,所以在神佛面前许下愿心,用圈子将他套用圈子将他套住了住了。(节选自鲁迅选集)译文译文: He was standing in the kitchen. He had a round, crimson (krmz()n ) face and wore a small felt cap on his head and a g
10、leaming silver necklet round his neck, showing that his father doted on him and, fearing he might die, had made a pledge with the gods and buddhas, using the necklet as a talisman(护身符). crimson 深红色深红色(英语文化中,红色少有的褒义,年轻人绯红的面颊和嘴唇)原文中“紫色紫色的圆脸”是想说明闰土经常劳动、身体健康,而如果直译过来可能会造成误解,所以杨氏夫妇用“crimson ”翻译,比较贴切。闰土的福父
11、亲“用圈子将他套住用圈子将他套住”是想保佑他平安,若直译过来就会令西方读者费解,所以加上“as a talisman”来解释用途。*例例2 2 “有城曰阊门,最是红尘红尘中一二等风流富贵之地。”译文译文:“the quarter-around Changmen Gate of Gusu was one of the most fashionable centers of wealth and nobility in the world of men.” “红尘”在这里比喻繁华的社会,佛家语中比喻人世,这里用了意译“the world of men” ,非常贴切。例例3 3 “也没个黑家白日闹的
12、!凭人怎么劝,都是耳旁耳旁风风。”(红楼梦第九十四回)译文译文:“But its no use our talking, we just waste our breath.” “耳旁风”比喻建议不被采纳,白说。 “Waste our breath”是英语中白费口舌的固定用语。*例例4 4 “一则是天缘,一则是情人眼里出西施情人眼里出西施。” (红楼梦第七十九回)译文译文:“Its partly fate, and partly a case of Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder.” “情人眼里出西施”比喻相爱的人看到对方就觉得漂亮,“Beauty i
13、s in the eyes of the beholder”是英语中对等的习语。例例5 5 “真是天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福。” (红楼梦第八十五回)译文译文:“Truly, storm gather without warming in nature, and bad luck befalls(降临降临) men.” 中英文对等翻译。*例例5 5 李纨笑道:“真真你是个水晶心肝玻璃人水晶心肝玻璃人。”译文译文:“There is true perspicacity for you.” perspicacity having keen judgement or und
14、erstanding(洞察力、聪颖、睿智)“水晶心肝玻璃人”是一句谚语,用以比喻人具有敏锐的理解或判断能力。杨氏夫妇采用意译的方法,只译出原文的寓意。 尽管形式上与原文不同,却同样形象地表现出了王熙凤王熙凤的天资聪颖、灵敏机警、办事麻利天资聪颖、灵敏机警、办事麻利的特点。*许渊冲*生平许渊冲许渊冲1921年生于江西南昌1938年考入国立西南联合大学外文系1939年第一首译作:别丢掉1943年毕业于国立西南联合大学外语系1944年入清华大学研究院1948年到巴黎留学1951年分配到北京外国语学院法文系任教*许渊冲译中国古典诗词许渊冲译中国古典诗词 无 题 (李商隐)相见时难别亦难,东风无力百花残
15、。春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干。晓镜但愁云鬓改,夜吟应觉月光寒。蓬山此去无多路,青鸟殷勤为探看。 To One UnnamedIts difficult for us to meet and hard to part;The east wind is too week to revive flowers dead. Spring silkworm till its death spins silk from lovesick heart; A candle but when burned up has no tears to shed.At down Im grieved to think
16、your mirrored hair turns grey; At night you would feel cold while I croon by moon light.To the three fairy mountain its not a long way.Would the blue birds oft fly to see you on the height! *1.1.音韵美音韵美abab, cdcd “ part, heart” “ dead, shed” “grey, way” “ light, height” 头韵头韵: “spring silkworm, spin s
17、ilk ”*2.2.艺术力的感受艺术力的感受原诗:原诗:离别,相思译诗译诗: difficult to meet, hard to part flowers dead would*3.3.对仗对仗 Once gone, the yellow crane will neer on earth alight,Only white clouds still float in vain from year to year.黄鹤一去不复返,白云千载空悠悠。(崔 颢)*On high, wed be two love birds flying wing to wing,On earth, two tree
18、s with branches twined for spring to spring. 在天愿作比翼鸟, 在地愿为连理枝。(白居易)* 何满子 (张祜)故国三千里,深宫二十年。一声何满子,双泪落君前。 The Swan SongHomesick a thousand miles away,Shut in deep palace twenty years.Singing the dying swan songs sweet lay,O how can she hold back her tears.*添加文本点击“反对为优,正对为劣反对为优,正对为劣”“反对者,理解趣合者也。正对者,反对者,理解趣合者也。正对者,事异义同也。事异义同也。” - -刘勰文心雕龙刘勰文心雕龙 辞辞意义不同而情趣一致;即变异中具有一种内在的统一性,所以为优。*