1、英语三大从句对比复习英语三大从句对比复习 第一节第一节 从句的基本认识从句的基本认识 从句的概念 ?英语中的从句是指在主句中担任某个句子成分的句子。 从句的分类 一般按其功能分为三大类：名词性从句，形容词性从句，及副词性从句。 ? 主语从句 ?名词性从句 表语从句 ? 宾语从句 ? 同位语从句 ?形容词性从句-定语从句。是用来修饰名词或代词的句子，具有形容词性。 ?副词性从句-状语从句。在句中作状语。 从句的基本特点及用法从句的基本特点及用法 各个从句的共同特点： ? 1、都有引导词； ? 2、都有主谓结构； ? 3、都在主句中担任一个句子成分，不能独立存在。 各种从句在主句中的位置及其作用
2、1、主语从句+谓语 或It（形式主语）+谓语+主语从句 That he will attend the meeting is certain. It is unknown who did the work. 2、主语+连系动词+表语从句 The question is whether he will come here tonight. 3、主语+谓语+宾语从句 ? 主语+谓语+间接宾语+宾语从句 ? 主语+谓语+it(形式主语)+宾语补足语+宾语从句 ? eg. I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country. ?
3、Can you tell me where Mary lives ? ? We think it necessary that we learn English well. ? 注：宾语从句还可以在介词、不定式、注：宾语从句还可以在介词、不定式、V-ing ,及少数形容词后当它们的宾语。能带宾语从句的形容词常见有：sure ,glad , sorry ,certain , worried , aware etc. ? eg. We all agree with him on what he said . ? I havent found my book yet; in fact, I am n
4、ot sure where I could have done with it. ? I am aware that you have been exceptionally kind to me. ? 4、同位语词news(idea , fact , hope , promise etc)+同位语从句 ? eg. We heard the news that our team had won. ? The fact that he hadnt said anything surprised everybody. ? I have no idea when she will be back. ?
5、 5.先行词（名词或代词）+限定性定语从句 ? 或先行词（名词或代词），+非限定性定语从句 ? eg. Gone are the days when Shanghai was a paradise for imperialist adventures. ? Is this the restaurant in which you work? ? My elder sister, who is twenty, is now studying in the university. ? 6. 主句+状语从句状语从句 或 状语从句状语从句，+主句 注意逗号 ? eg. Speak to him slow
6、ly so that he may understand you better. ? No matter how difficult the work may be, we must surely complete it. ? 以上是从五个基本简单句型出发，根据各种从句的特点，通过列式显示各从句在主句中的位置关系。从而可以看出什么样的从句就在主句中担任什么样的句法功能。 各种从句的引导词的选择各种从句的引导词的选择 ? 这个问题是学生学习从句这一内容的最大障碍，要弄清属于什么从句，除了分清各从句在主句中的位置外，关键在于弄懂各个引导词在从句中的作用。 Conjunctions of Noun
7、Clauses: Conjunctions of Noun Clauses: 连词 连接代词 连接副词 what, who, whom, whose, which, whoever, whatever, whichever that, whether, if as if/as though (表语从句) when, where, how, why ? 注意注意: 1表语从句还可以用表语从句还可以用as if/though( 好好像，婉如)来引导 ? 2whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever 主要引导主语从句和主要引导主语从句和宾语从句。
8、 ? 3同位语从句往往用连词that和连接副词来引导。 ? 4名词性从句的引导词除that外，都有词义；除that, if, whether 外，都在从句中担任句子成分。 ? 5连词that在宾语从句中往往省去。如：He told me (that) he had bought a new lamp. ? 6名词性从句的引导词根据其词义进行选择，并参考其在从句中担任的成分。 关系词关系词 关系代词 关系副词 that which who whom whose as 等 when where why等 ? 注意:1定语从句的引导词在从句中都担任定语从句的引导词在从句中都担任句子。 ? 2定语从句
9、的引导词无具体词义，大都可翻译成汉语的“的”字。 ? 3定语从句的引导词和先行词是同一概念的事物。 ? 4引导词在定语从句中当宾语时可以省去。引导词在定语从句中当宾语时可以省去。 ? 5定语从句的引导词是根据先行词进行选择。 ? 6what不能当定语从句的引导词。 九种状从 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 结果状语从句 目的状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 九九种种常常用用的的状状语语从从句句及及其其常常用用的的连连接接词词 时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, since, once ,by the time
10、, till, until, notuntil, the first/second/last time, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan , every time, each time where, wherever because, since, as, for, now that(既然）, in that（因为） if, unless, as(so) long as, on co
11、ndition that, 要)等。如： 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 条件状语从句 九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词 结果状语从句 so that, sothat, suchthat so that, in order that, in case, as, as if/as though than, asas, not so/asas, the +比较级, the +比较级 目的状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句 although, though, as, even though/even if, while(虽然）, no matter +which/what/when/w
12、here/who/how, whichever, wherever, whatever, whoever, whenever, however, whetheror； ? 注：（注：（1）状语从句的引导词都有具体词义，）状语从句的引导词都有具体词义，担在从句中不担任句子成分。 ? （2）状语从句的引导词的选择首先看是属于哪一类从句，再根据引导词的词义适属于哪一类从句，再根据引导词的词义适当地进行选择。 ? （3）状语从句的引导词一般不省略。 (4)让步状语从句由as(尽管)引导时，从句的表语或状语要放在as之前。 ? 如：Poor as he was, he was honest. ? Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man. (5)however( 无论怎样),no matter how( 无论怎样)引导的让步状语从句其后须紧跟形容词或副词。如：No matter how hard I tried, it was impossible to fill this beautiful pen with ink. ? No matter how difficult the work may be, we must surely complete it.
