1、.形容词及副词形容词及副词.用以修饰名词，表示事物的特征的词。e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc.在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分.e.g. He is a good student.I have something important to tell you.当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后. e.g.Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ?.The trees turn green in spring.We are
2、alone on the island.只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词你能说出几个？你能说出几个？alone afraid awake asleep alive able.形容词和宾语一起构成复合形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语宾语e.g.We must keep the classroom clean.He made us happy. Colour it green.taller harder larger wider tallest hardest largest widestbigger hotter fatter wetterbiggest hottest
3、fattest wettest happier drier earlierhappiest driest earliestnarrower cleverernarrowest cleverestmore difficult more popularmore slowly most difficult most popularmost slowly少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est.better bestworseworstless more mostfarther/furtherolder/elderleast farthest/furthestoldest/eldest.
4、Tom is as tall as Mike.as+形容词原形形容词原形+asThere are as many studentsin our school as yours. Tom is three times asold as Mike.否定 not as+ 形容词原形+as “ 和 不一样”或not so+ 形容词原形+as“ 不及不如 Tom is not as tall as Mike.Tom is not so tall as Mike.比较级比较级+than This bridge is longer than that one.Our school is larger tha
5、n theirs.表示两者之间的选择，可使用“Which is + 比较级，or?”表示不及另一方时，使用“less+原级+than”Which is longer, this one or that?This park is less beautiful than that one.This truck is big enough tocarry 5 tons.so+ 形容词原级+that丛句He is so big that he cant enter the room by the door . too+原级+ to do sth.He is too young to join the
6、army.形容词原级+ enough to do sth. .“The+ 比较级，the+比较级” “ 比较级+and+比较级” The smallerthe house is, the less it will cost us the heat.In spring, the days are getting longer and longer.one of the+ 最高级+名词复数最高级+of (in)This is/ was the 最高级+名词+that定语从句Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.This is the
7、worst film that I have seen these years.Of all the movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best.B. 形容词的构成1. 名词+ y变为形容词n + y: rain y, su nny foggy storm y, wind y, snow y, frost y, cloud y, luck y, health y, sleep y, nois y, guilt y 2. 名词+ ly变为形容词n + ly: love ly, friend ly,lone ly, live ly week ly, da
8、 ily 3. 名词+ 其它后缀变为形容词：n+ ful: care ful, beauti fuln+ less: care less, use lessn+ ous: danger ous.1.Helooked_becausehe didntpass the exam.(happy)2.Itis _toshoutattheoldpeople.(polite)unhappyimpoliteCan you change the flowing words into opposites?+: possible _ patient_+: correct_ active_+: necessary_
9、friendly_+: honest_ +: regular_ impossibleimpatientincorrectinactiveunnecessaryunfriendlydishonestirregulariminundisirWe can add prefixes to some adjectives to form opposites.某些形容词可以加上特定的前缀变成相应的反义词.用来修饰动词、形容词、用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。名词词组及句子的词。e.g. very, early, out, soon, quickly, etc.Sc
10、ientists areworried that something in the airmay lead to various diseases including lung cancer.Shi Yuankai, one of the famous doctors in Shanghai,said longtime stay in the harmful airthe air withsomething smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) whichgoesto the lungs, is a major health threat.reallyTry
11、 to find out all the adverbs!especiallydirectly.Air quality in the capital isbad because of the heavyfog. Beijings air was widely polluted on Monday, according tothe China National Environmental Controlling Center.In Beijing, the lungcancer rate has increasedfastduring the past few years. Increasing
12、 air pollution might beblamed(v.把归咎于 ) for theuseofcars.Worsely,protective ways like wearing face maskshelp becausethe dust issmall.Try to find out all the adverbs!veryhardlytoo.1.修饰动词2.2.修饰形容词3.修饰副词4.修饰整句goesdirectly toarereally worriedhas increased quite fastWorse, protective ways like wearing fac
13、e masks hardly help.1.ShiYuankai,oneof the famousdoctorsin Shanghai,saidlongtime stay in the harmful air especially the air with somethingsmaller than 2.5 micrometers(PM2.5) which goes directly to thelungs, is a major health threat.2.Beijingsair was widely pollutedon Monday, accordingto theChina Nat
14、ional EnvironmentalControllingCenter.3.Worse, protectiveways like wearingface maskshardlyhelpbecause the dust is too small.When do we use adverbs ?1. 修饰动词.1.In Beijing, the lung cancer rate has increased quite fast duringthe past few years.When do we use adverbs ?3. 修饰副词.1.Scientistsare really worri
15、edthat somethingin the air maylead to various diseases including lung cancer.2.Air quality in the capital is very bad because of the heavy fog.3.Worse, protectiveways like wearing face masks hardly helpbecause the dust is too small.When do we use adverbs ?2. 修饰在形容词.1.Shi Yuankai, one of the famousdo
16、ctorsin Shanghai,saidlongtimestayintheharmfulairespeciallytheairwithsomethingsmaller than 2.5 micrometers(PM2.5) which goesdirectly to the lungs, is a major health threat.2.Worse, protectiveways like wearing face masks hardly helpbecause the dust is too small.When do we use adverbs ?4. 修饰整句.3.We can
17、 take a walk, for the wind blows _ in March than in February. (gentle) 4.Of all the pollution fighters, trees protect our environment _ (good). So we should plant more trees. 1._, we can save more electricity during Earth Hour. (actual)Actuallycarefullymore gentlybestWhat can we do to save the earth
18、?sort v. 分类2. We can sort the rubbish as _ as our classmates.(careful)1. 频率副词always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, neverI usuallywatch TV .2. 程度副词very, quite ,so, such ,really ,rather, too , enoughIts very/so hot today.3. 方式副词(-ly)My father shoutedat me angrily .4. 疑问副词how long, how far, how of
19、ten, how soon, how much-How long have you been away from your hometown?-Since 5 years ago.D. D. 副词的分类副词的分类1. 在大多数的形容词后加 -lysweet ly, beautiful ly, loud ly2. happ ily, angr ily, nois ily3. 4. 以le结尾的，去e+yE. E. 方式副词的构成方式副词的构成以e结尾,+ ly, nice ly，polite ly，safely （tru e-tru ly）辅音字母加-y 结尾，变y为i再加-lyterribl
20、e-terribl y,possibly,comfortabl y1. 许多形容词加-ly可以构成副词，但有些以 -ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词。如：friendly, lonely, lovely, lively, likely, daily2. 有些形容词和副词同形：如：early ，late ， fast ，high，hard ，straight（请注意hardly 的意思及用法）易错点：1.much, still, a bit, even, far, a lot等常用来修饰比较级*She ismuchtallerthan Mrs. Liu.*This problem is a li
21、ttle more difficult than the other one.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的注意点：2.在比较级中为了避免重复，在 the 后常用one ，that ,those 等词来替代前面提到过的名词Marys hair is the same color as her mothers .*The weather here is warmer thanthatof Shanghai*This pen is shorter than thatone .副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.e.g. 形容记的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词的最高级前
22、可用可不用定冠词the.Mount Qomolangma is the highest in the world.Jim jumped (the) highest of the all.fast-faster-fastestslowly- more slowly most slowly.1. The bread is _ than these cakesA. very delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. as delicious2. Lin Tao jumped _ in the long jump in the school sp
23、orts meeting A. far B. farther C. farthest D. quite far3. When they met in the hotel . They talked and laughed _A. happily B. happy C. happier D. happiestCCA.4. In our city its _ in July ,but it is even _ in AugustA. hotter hottest B. hot hot C. hotter hot D. hot hotter5. Hainan is a very large Isla
24、nd .It is thesecond _ island in china.A. large B. larger C. largest D. most largest 6. An elephant is _ than a tiger .A. heavy B. very heavy C. the heaviest D. heavierDCD.7. A horse is _ than a dog .A. much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier D. more heavy8. Emma always makes a lot of mistakes . S
25、he is _.A. care B. careful C. carefully D. careless9. Which subject is _ , physics or chemistry ?A. interesting B. most interesting C. more interesting D. the most interesting CDC.10. He is _ enough to carry the heavy box .A.strong B. stronger C. much stronger D. the strongest 11. Li lei often talks _ but does _ so everyone says he is a good boy .A. less more B. few much C. more little D. little many 12. When the famous singer started to sing , everyone began to shout very _ .A. loudly B. loud C. heavily D. high AAA
