1、河北医科大学第四医院 消化内科 柴亚婷 2013年6月This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system a
2、re AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.“肝炎-肝硬化-肝癌”，常被称作肝癌三部曲，临床上发现，不少肝炎患者最后都会转变成肝癌，由此可见，肝炎是肝癌发病的一大诱因。那么肝炎患者要如何预防，才能不演变成肝癌呢？饮食调理是关键。1、多吃米糠纤维多的食物米糠中不仅含丰富的B族维生素，能够保护肝脏，而且米糠纤维吸附致癌有害物的效果相当好且所吸附的有害物质被米糠纤维以大便的形式全部排出体外。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature
3、control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.2、别吃霉变食物霉变食品如家藏花生、玉米、稻谷、小米、白薯干、萝卜干等均易被黄
4、曲霉菌污染，而黄曲霉毒素是公认的致癌物质。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT8
5、9C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.3、甲型肝炎和戊型肝炎主要通过粪口途径传播，食物和水源被污染，生活密切接触可引起散发病例，所以此型肝炎的患者应特别注意饮食与家人分开。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital t
6、emperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.4、乙肝、丁肝和丙肝主要通过血液、性接触和母婴传播，所以日常生活中应格外注意避免以下情况，若家中有此行肝炎患者其家人也应到医院做好各项检查，并及时预防，新生儿应做好预防接种。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent tempe
7、rature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.除了上述饮食调理，肝炎患者平时要多运动，例如散步、慢跑、游泳等有
8、氧运动，时间不必过长，但必须运动，这样才能增强身体抵抗力，预防癌病变。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the
9、system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肝硬化是一种或多种致病因素长期或反复损害肝脏所致的肝脏细胞纤维化性疾病。此时患者饮食更应多加注意：1、进食高热量、高蛋白质（肝性脑病除外）、高维生素、易消化的食物。以米面为主食，优质蛋白质如鱼、鸡蛋、豆制品。限制油脂的摄入，每天不超过20克，有腹水或浮肿的病人应根据尿量、体重指标控制水分、钠盐的摄入，无盐饮食每日盐0.5克，（每啤酒瓶盖为3克）低盐饮食每日盐2克，肝硬化腹水的患者限制液体的入量，患者此时应积极入院治疗。This paper mainly intro
10、duces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature
11、 sensor.2、避免进食粗糙、坚硬、不易咬碎的食物，如：油炸面食、硬质瓜果等，避免将鸡骨、鱼刺等咽下。3、忌辛辣的调味品，忌饮酒、或刺激性食物。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip mic
12、rocomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.4、血氨偏高时应限制蛋白质摄入，选择植物蛋白，如豆制品，防止血氨增高引起肝性脑病。5、新鲜的蔬菜水果中含丰富的维生素如西红柿、橙等含丰富的维生素C，日常食用保证维生素的摄入。6、高钠食物比如咸肉、酱油、酱菜含钠味精等，应少食；含钠较少的食物有谷类、茄类、水果等，含钾多的食物有水果、硬干果、马铃薯、肉类等，应适当合理食用。This paper mainly introduces the d
13、esign of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.Thi
14、s paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and
15、 DS18B20 temperature sensor.休息与活动1、肝硬化代偿期可参加较轻的工作，劳逸结合，避免过度劳累保证充足睡眠，不但可以节省体力消耗，而且利于改善肝脏循环，促进体力恢复。2、失代偿期应卧床休息或半坐卧位以减轻腹胀引起的不适，减轻心肺负荷，注意保暖和个人卫生，水肿时要注意皮肤保护，衣着要宽大、柔软，每日用温水擦浴，皮肤瘙痒勿用手抓，给予止痒处理，避免皮肤破损和感染，保持大便通畅。3、出院后每半年或一年体检一次，如有不适及时就诊。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature con
16、trol system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.饮食指导1、活动性出血时禁食水2、出血停止后24小时进食高热量、高维生素冷流质饮食，
17、限制钠和蛋白质的摄入，避免诱发和加重腹水和肝性脑病，避免进食生硬、带刺激性的食物如瓜子、花生、苹果、核桃、鱼、排骨等，应细嚼慢咽，避免再次出血。 休息与活动少量出血者应卧床休息，大量出血者绝对卧床休息，取舒适体位并及时更换体位，注意保暖，病情稳定后可稍事活动但避免迸力活动，坐起、站起时动作缓慢，出现头晕、心慌、出汗时立即卧床休息并通知医务人员。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature
18、 measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.1、控制热量摄入，脂肪肝患者的严格热量供应。2、适当增加优质蛋白质的摄入，如牛奶，鱼肉等，有利于肝细胞的修复再生；并可纠正低蛋白血症，防止肝细胞进一步受损害3、减少糖类和甜食，糖类主要由谷物供
19、应，除蔬菜，水果中所含天然糖类外，不食用精致糖类，蜂蜜，果汁，蜜饯等甜食或甜点心，因为过多的糖类会转变为脂肪，导致肥胖，使脂肪肝加重。4、控制脂肪摄入量，对中度脂肪肝病人，全日食物和烹调油所供给脂肪总量不宜超过40g，对含胆固醇高的食物宜做适当控制。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus dig
20、ital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.5、补充维生素、矿物质和食物纤维，补充对治疗肝病有一的各种维生素和矿物质，特别是富含叶酸、胆碱、肌醇、烟酸、维生素E、维生素C、钾锌镁的食物和制剂，以促进和维持正常代谢，纠正或防止营养缺乏，对肝脏功能明显障碍、伴有腹水或浮肿者应限制钠盐6、摄入足够的食物纤维，饮食不宜过分精细，主食应粗细
21、杂粮搭配，多用蔬菜，水果和藻类，以保证摄入足够数量的食物纤维，既可增加维生素，矿物质的供应，又有利于代谢废物的排泄，对调节血脂，血糖水平有良好的作用。7、严格禁酒。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single
22、chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.休息与活动1、适当运动：每天坚持体育锻炼，可视自己体质选择适宜的运动项目，如慢跑，打乒乓球，羽毛球等运动;要从小运动量开始，循序渐进，逐步达到适当的运动量以加强体内脂肪的消耗。2、心情要开朗，不暴怒，少气恼，注意劳逸结合等也是相当重要的。3、严格禁酒，减少各类应酬与聚会活动This paper mainly introduces the design of an inte
23、lligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.饮食指导1、选择低脂肪、优质蛋白质、易
24、消化的食物如瘦肉、鸡蛋、豆类、酸奶等，但若有肝性脑病应限制蛋白质食物的摄入，肝癌晚期应控制蛋白质的摄入，以免引起肝性脑病。2、多吃富含维生素A、C、E和有抑癌作用的食物，如一些绿色蔬菜和水果（包心菜、胡萝卜、油菜、大蒜）等。3、肝癌病人多食欲减退、恶心、呕吐、腹胀等消化不良症状，故应进食易消化食物如酸梅汤、鲜橘汁、果汁、姜糖水、面条汤、新鲜小米粥、杏仁露、藕粉、山楂糕等，忌食重油肥腻，进食切勿过凉、过热、过饱。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which re
25、alizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.4、肝癌患者忌饮酒，少食辛辣及油腻食品，不食坚硬食品，食物要新鲜，不吃发霉、变质、熏烤的食物。伴腹水着限制盐的摄入量。5、保
26、持大便通畅，便秘病人应吃些富含纤维素的食物，如韭菜、芹菜、香蕉、猕猴桃等，还可以每天喝一些蜂蜜。 休息与活动保持生活规律，注意休息，体力允许可参加力所能及的活动，应充分认识到保持一个愉悦的心情和良好的心态，避免紧张和压力对康复的至关重要的作用饮食成份饮食要求蛋白质严格限制，减少氨的形成，预防和减轻肝昏迷热量保证代谢需要，注意水电解质平衡;供应低蛋白、高糖类、充足维生素和适量热能，富营养，易于消化吸收。昏迷者鼻饲或静脉滴注。禁忌禁酒并避免进食粗糙和坚锐性食物脂肪 减少摄入水、钠 腹水者限制摄入禁用碱性溶液灌肠肝性脑病患者健康教育肝性脑病患者健康教育n预防和控制上消化道出血n防治感染n避免快速利尿
27、和大量放腹水 n灌肠、导泻，减少毒物的吸收n避免使用麻醉、止痛、安眠镇静n防止大量输液This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components
28、 of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.休息与活动1、肝性脑病患者保证绝对卧床休息，创造安静舒适的修养环境，解除其思想忧虑和恐惧。2、严密观察其意识和神志，加床挡防止自伤和坠床，深度昏迷者应严格检测生命体征，加强口腔护理，还要注意保护皮肤。避免受压坏死，避免发生压疮。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function
29、 of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.介入治疗：指在不开刀暴露病灶的情况下在血管皮肤上做直径几毫米的微小通道，在影像设备（血管造影机、透视机、CT、磁共振、B超）的引导下对病灶局部进行治疗的创伤最小的
30、治疗方法。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontro
31、ller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.一、术前1、术前1到2天手术区备皮（双侧腹股沟处和会阴部）。2、术前1到2天进食易消化吸收、营养丰富、无渣或少渣饮食，防止术后便秘导致穿刺口出血或肿瘤结节破裂。3、洗澡、更衣、注意休息和保暖。4、适当活动，禁烟酒。5、床上练习大小便并养成定时排便的习惯。6、术前4小时禁食水，防止术中呕吐和窒息。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of
32、temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.二、术后1、卧床24小时，肢体制动防止穿刺部位大出血。*沙袋加压包扎：术侧肢体制动12小时，沙袋压迫6到8小时，术后24小时可下床活动*动脉加压止血器包扎：术侧肢体制动6
33、小时，需平卧位12小时2、心电综合检测观察生命体征的变化。3、观察穿刺部位敷料情况及足背动脉搏动情况4、观察小便的颜色、性质、量并记录。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.5、饮食：禁食6到12小时，24小时内禁食有渣、油腻的食物，多饮水利于毒素的排出。24小时后进食低盐、低脂、高蛋白、富含维生素、易消化软食（新鲜水果蔬菜，保持大便通畅，肠道清洁减少肠道细菌繁殖产气），忌干硬生冷刺激性食物。因术中有辐射，可以进食富含胶质的食物如海带、黑木耳、猪蹄等促进体内放射物质的排泄。6、肢体制动期间家属可帮助其按摩小腿肌肉，防止血栓形成。谢谢大家！
