1、Unit 5 The power of natureGrammar现在分词作状语现在分词作状语高二人教新课标版选修六高二人教新课标版选修六一一. .功能功能 现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原因原因、时间时间、方式方式、结果结果、条件条件、伴随状况伴随状况等。等。1. 1.作时间状语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。，相当于一个时间状语从句。Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.=When I wa
2、s walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.2. 2.作原因状语作原因状语 相当于一个原因状语从句，同时也可以转化相当于一个原因状语从句，同时也可以转化为一个原因状语从句。为一个原因状语从句。Not knowing EnglishNot knowing English , he couldnt understand the , he couldnt understand the film.film.3. 3.作伴随作伴随/ /方式方式 状语，表示一个次要的动作。状语，表示一个次要的动作。He sat there re
3、ading a book.Laughing and talking, the students went to school.He came running.(方式）方式）4. 4.作结果状语作结果状语 表示必然的结果，通常放在主句后面中间用表示必然的结果，通常放在主句后面中间用逗号隔开，有时为了突出结果，分词前加逗号隔开，有时为了突出结果，分词前加thusthus。Her husband died, leaving her four children.5. 5.作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句Having tried many timesHaving tr
4、ied many times, he still couldnt succeed. , he still couldnt succeed. 尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未成功。尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未成功。Working very hardWorking very hard, he didnt feel a bit tired., he didnt feel a bit tired.尽管拼命地工作，他却丝毫不感到疲劳。尽管拼命地工作，他却丝毫不感到疲劳。6. 6.作条件状语，作条件状语，表示一种假设情况，相当于一个表示一种假设情况，相当于一个条件状语从句。条件状语从句。Using your head
5、, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.)7. 7.作评论性状语（悬垂结构）作评论性状语（悬垂结构）作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度，观点等。态度，观点等。generally speaking 一般说来一般说来strictly speaking 严格地说严格地说frankly speaking 坦率地说坦率地说语态语态时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not)h
6、aving done(not)having been done二、现在分词的各种形式二、现在分词的各种形式 分词分词 (短语短语) 作状语时作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致的主语一致。如果不一致, 必须用独立主格结构来必须用独立主格结构来表示表示, 也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。Finding her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.The train having gone, we had to wait another day.分析分析:前一例中前
7、一例中, -ing形式的逻辑主语为主句的主语。形式的逻辑主语为主句的主语。后一例中后一例中having gone的逻辑主语是的逻辑主语是 the train。 三、使用三、使用- ing形式作状语需注意的几个问题形式作状语需注意的几个问题判断正误判断正误Opening the windowOpening the window, a butterfly flew into my study., a butterfly flew into my study.Opening the windowOpening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into , I
8、 saw a butterfly flying into my study.my study.Standing on top of the towerStanding on top of the tower, the whole city comes , the whole city comes into our view.into our view.Standing on top of the towerStanding on top of the tower, we can get a view of , we can get a view of the whole city.the wh
9、ole city.正正误误误误正正一般来说一般来说, -ing, -ing形式表示主动、进行形式表示主动、进行; ; 过去分词表过去分词表示被动、完成。试比较示被动、完成。试比较: : Theenemyfledinapanic,leavingbehindalotofTheenemyfledinapanic,leavingbehindalotofdeadbodiesandweapons. deadbodiesandweapons. Defeatedandfrightened,theenemyfledinapanic. Defeatedandfrightened,theenemyfledinapa
10、nic. 2. 2. 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 分析分析: : 前一例中的前一例中的-ing-ing形式短语在句子中作伴随状语形式短语在句子中作伴随状语, ,它与其逻辑主语它与其逻辑主语theenemytheenemy之间为主动关系之间为主动关系; ; 后一句中的后一句中的过去分词过去分词defeateddefeated和和frightenedfrightened表原因表原因, , 它与其逻辑主语它与其逻辑主语theenemytheenemy之间为被动关系。之间为被动关系。 3. 3. 分词短语做状语时分词短语做状语时, , 前面可以加上连词或介词前面可以加
11、上连词或介词, , 但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词( (如如but, but, and), and), 因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分, , 而分词而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分短语只是全句的一个状语部分, , 分词和主句之间可分词和主句之间可用逗号。用逗号。Eg.Eg.正：正：When seeing from the top of the hill, you can enjoy the whole beauty of this city.误误: Having been told many times, but he s
12、till couldnt understand it.4. -ing分词的一般式和完成式分词的一般式和完成式 一般情况下，一般情况下，-ing-ing分词的一般式的动作表示和分词的一般式的动作表示和后面句子的动作是同时进行的动作；完成式的动作后面句子的动作是同时进行的动作；完成式的动作是先于后面句子的动作发生。是先于后面句子的动作发生。如：如： Being a student, he was interested in books. Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 注意：注意：在实际运用
13、中，在实际运用中， 很多时候很多时候-ing-ing的一般式和的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。但如果但如果-ing-ing的动作和主句的谓语动词之间存在明显的动作和主句的谓语动词之间存在明显的时间上的先后关系，而且句意强调完成，为避的时间上的先后关系，而且句意强调完成，为避免引起误解，必须用完成式表示先发生的动作。免引起误解，必须用完成式表示先发生的动作。如如: : Having brushed his teethHaving brushed his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs , Mr.
14、Brown came downstairs for breakfast.for breakfast.布朗先生刷过牙布朗先生刷过牙, , 就下楼来吃早饭。就下楼来吃早饭。( (此句如写成此句如写成: Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came: Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast. downstairs for breakfast.意为边刷牙意为边刷牙, , 边下楼边下楼) ) Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finge
15、r burnt. Not knowing how to find the subway,I asked a policeman for help. 5. 5. 分词的否定形式是在其前面加上分词的否定形式是在其前面加上 not.not.如如: : 牛刀小试牛刀小试一一.将两个句子组合成一个动词将两个句子组合成一个动词-ing形式的句子。形式的句子。 1. Alice saw a volcano erupting in the morning. She felt excited and couldnt fall asleep at night.Having seen a volcano erupt
16、ion in the morning, Alice felt excited and couldnt fall asleep at night.2. I knew the sight is impressive on the top of the mountain. I made an effort to climb onto it.Knowing the sight was impressive on the top of the mountain, I made an effort to climb onto it.3. The new book of the famous novelis
17、t was very boring.It didnt become popular among young people.Being very boring, the new book of the famous novelist didnt become popular among young people.每空填一词每空填一词, 使该句与所给句子的意思相同。使该句与所给句子的意思相同。1. Because he was ill, he didnt go to school. _ _, he didnt go to school.2. When she was walking along t
18、he street one day, she met an old friend of hers._ _ the street one day, she met an old friend of hers.3. When autumn comes, swallows go to the south._ _, swallows go to the south. Being illWalking alongAutumn coming4. If it is sunny, well go for a picnic tomorrow._ _ _, well go for a picnic tomorro
19、w.5. After she had finished her homework,the little girl began to watch TV._ _ her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.6. Because they had been warned by the teacher, they didnt make such mistakes._ _ _ by the teacher, they didnt make such mistakes.It being sunnyHaving finishedHaving been wa
20、rned7. As it was a holiday, all the shops were shut._ _ _ _, all the shops were shut.8. If I had been given a longer time, I could have done it better than planned._ _ _ a longer time, I could have done it better than planned.9. After I got home, I found my books missing._ _ _, I found my books miss
21、ing.Having got home Having been givenIt being a holiday三三. .单项选择单项选择 They set out _ for the _ boy. searching; losing B. searching; lost C. to search; lost D. searched; losing(2) The student sat there, _ what to do. doesnt knowing B. didnt knowing C. not know D. not knowingBD(3)He sat there _ , with
22、his head on his hand. and think B. thinking C. thought D. being thought(4) The _ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. visiting; add B. visited; adding C. visiting; adding D. visited; addedBC Sit down, Emma. you will only make yourself more ti
23、red, _on your feet. A.to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept 2.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. making B. makes C. made D. to makeBA四 高考链接3. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angril
24、y point D. and angrily pointing4. The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area. (NEMT2005) A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having causedAD5. _ a reply, he decided to write again. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 6._ his telephone number, she h
25、ad some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. Not knowing B. knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not knownCA7. In winter steam can be seen _from wet clothes _near a fire. A. rising, hanging B. rising, to hang C. rise, hanging D. to rise, to hang8. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_
26、. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on9. Yesterday Professor Li received a letter from ne of his friends, _ him to write an article,and he accepted. A. having invited B. invited C. to be invited D. inviting AAD10. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was s
27、earched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help11. _, the boy couldnt enter his house. A. Since the key has lost B. The key been lost C. Lost the key D. Having lost the keyDD12. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. A.
28、to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 13. European foot ball is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to makeBA14. While watching television, _. (NMET2005) A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell rin
29、g D. we heard the doorbell rings15. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (2004广东广东) A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completedDC16. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away. (NEMT 2005) A. run B. running C. to run D. ran17. “We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, _out of the window. (NMET2004) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having been lookedBA
