1、宾语从句和表语从句宾语从句和表语从句Related Conception (相关概念相关概念)1.名词名词: 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作名词在句中主要作主语、表语、宾语和主语、表语、宾语和同位语同位语。1.Henry is a businessman.主语主语表语表语2. Henry, a businessman , received a million pound bank note.主语主语同位语同位语宾语宾语His job is important.What he do
2、es is important.This is his job.This is what he does every day. 主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句? (Noun Clauses) I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher. 宾语宾语从句从句同位语同位语从句从句在英语的句子结构中，本来该由在英语的句子结构中，本来该由
3、_充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，现在充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，现在由由_来充当来充当,这个句子就这个句子就叫名叫名词性从句。词性从句。名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 ( The Object Clause) 表语从句表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause)什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句? (Noun Clauses)一个句子一个句子名词名词名词性从句名词性从句(1)宾语从句宾语从句一、宾语从句一、宾语从句共性问题共性问题 1，2T
4、hey know that the habit will kill them.He asked how much I paid for the violin.Ill tell you why I asked you to come.It all depends on whether they will support us.I dont care who marries him.观察：观察： 1. 宾语从句可充当谁的宾语？宾语从句可充当谁的宾语？ 2. 连接词的分类和作用？连接词的分类和作用？宾语从句宾语从句 （The Object Clause） 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语从句在复合句中起_作
5、用，可以作用，可以作作 的宾语的宾语，也可以作，也可以作 的宾语的宾语。宾语从句必须用宾语从句必须用_语序。语序。引导宾语从句的引导宾语从句的连词有连词有that，if， whether；连接代词有连接代词有who, whom,which,whose等；等；连接副词有连接副词有when，where，how， why等。等。宾语宾语陈述陈述动词动词介词介词连接词连接词 一that宾语从句1.Oliver believes (that) a man could survive a month in London.2 Im afraid (that) I dont quite follow you,
6、sir.3. I dont think (that) its very funny.4.My uncle said （that） he would come and that he would also bring his son.5.We all agree (that) it would be convenient to go there by bus.1.归纳总结：归纳总结：that 在引导宾语从句时在引导宾语从句时无词义无词义，也，也不不充当任何成分充当任何成分，且通常，且通常可以省略可以省略。但如果含有但如果含有两个或两个以上两个或两个以上的并列宾的并列宾语语从句时，通常只有第一个从
7、句的从句时，通常只有第一个从句的that 可以省略，可以省略，其余从句的其余从句的that一般一般不能省略。不能省略。 由连接代词由连接代词who/whom, whose, what, which引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句： She did not know what had happened. He asked whose purse it was. Do you know who/ whom Henry is speaking to?Q: 这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成分分?主语主语定语定语宾语宾语 由连接副词由连接副词when, where, ho
8、w, why 等等 引导的宾语从句：引导的宾语从句：Please tell me when Jody Williams won the Nobel Peace Prize.He wanted to know where I had spent my holiday.Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?Do you know why he was late? Q:这些这些连接代词连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成在宾语从句中充当什么成分分? 状语状语 归纳总结：归纳总结： 连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于
9、句相当于特殊疑问句特殊疑问句，连接词都在，连接词都在从句中从句中充当一定的成分。充当一定的成分。 当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or not时时,不用不用if. e.g.: I dont know whether I will stay or not. 介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if. e.g.: I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用做动词宾语不能用if to do. e.g.: I havent decided whether to go there.whether和和if都可
10、以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句,但是以下但是以下情况不用情况不用if。宾语从句宾语从句(whether & if)意为意为“是否是否”特殊：特殊：The teacher had made it clear that whoever breaks the rule would be punished.老师已经说得很清楚，任何违反规定的人老师已经说得很清楚，任何违反规定的人都要被惩罚。都要被惩罚。 find / feel/ consider/ make/think + it +adj. +that宾从宾从形式宾语形式宾语宾补宾补真正宾语真正宾语时态时态a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。他相信他
11、的梦想总有一天会实现的。 He believes _ .b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。Please tell me _.his dream will come true some day1. 如果主句时态是如果主句时态是现在时现在时,从句谓语可从句谓语可根根据句意据句意需要而选用任一种时态。需要而选用任一种时态。what you were doing at this time yesterday一、宾语从句一、宾语从句(时态时态)他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。He told me _. .老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。老师告诉我们
12、光是沿直线运行的。The teacher told us _.he was preparing for the examinationlight travels in a straight line2. 如果主句谓语是如果主句谓语是过去时过去时,从句谓语动词从句谓语动词一般用过去的一般用过去的某种时态某种时态,但从句表达的是但从句表达的是客观真理、自然规律等时客观真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常从句谓语通常用一般现在时用一般现在时。宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是宾语从句的语序是陈述语序陈述语序，即即“连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其它成分其它成分”。 Do exercises
13、 .I didnt know .你们当时在聊什么？你们当时在聊什么？这本书是谁的？这本书是谁的？她明天是否要来？她明天是否要来？她住哪里？她住哪里？I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?Exploration但是但是从句为从句为Whats the matter？ Whats wrong？Whats happening？who,what作主语作主语时，时，从句是从句是感叹句感叹句，从句的从句的语序不变语序不变.1. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible pr
14、oblems we would face. (北京北京2011)A. what B. how C. that D. whyWhat +n.+ 主主+谓谓 n. a / an + adj.+n adj.+ U adj.+ pl.（复数）（复数） 否定的转移否定的转移:动词动词 think, consider, suppose猜想猜想, believe, expect, guess, imagine等词，其后的宾语等词，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义从句若含有否定意义,一般要把一般要把否否定词转移到主句谓语上定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语从句谓语用肯定式。用肯定式。I dont suppose he
15、 cares, ?He doesnt think we will come, ? does he does he此时，否定只看主句，与此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关从句无关 1.她她坚持坚持要把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。要把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。2他他命令命令关闭所有的大门。关闭所有的大门。3.我我建议建议他应该更努力学习。他应该更努力学习。 4.老师老师要求要求我们和睦相处。我们和睦相处。She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.He commanded that all the gates (should) be s
16、hut.I suggested that he (should) study harder. The teacher requests that .we (should) get along well with each other.3.总结归纳：总结归纳： 在一些表示在一些表示坚持、命令、建议、要求坚持、命令、建议、要求等等意义的动词后，意义的动词后，that 宾语从句中谓语常用宾语从句中谓语常用（should+）动词原形）动词原形，表示虚拟。，表示虚拟。1.坚持：坚持：insist2.命令：命令：order, command3.建议：建议：suggest, propose, advise4
17、.要求：要求：desire, demand, require, request老师要求所有作业要在放学前交上去。老师要求所有作业要在放学前交上去。The teacher desired that all the exercises should be handed in before school was over. She asked Tom_was the matter with his car.2.Will you tell me _ I can keep healthy?3.This depends on _the money we have is enough.4. Could yo
18、u tell me _ Marry lives?whatwherewhetherhow牛刀小试：牛刀小试：2. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010课标全国卷课标全国卷)A. that B. which C. what D. where3. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. (山东山东2010)A. why B. what C. how D. which4
19、. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. (湖南湖南2010)A. where B. whether C. that D. why5. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (四川四川2010)A. what B. who C. how D. why表语从句表语从句思
20、考：表语从句充当什么成分？放在什么思考：表语从句充当什么成分？放在什么词后面？引导词有哪些？词后面？引导词有哪些？基本上与宾语从句的引导词相同。连系动基本上与宾语从句的引导词相同。连系动词词seem, look之后还可用之后还可用1)The question is whether we can rely on him. 2)Thats because we were in need of money at that time.3)He looked as if he was going to cry.4)Thats why I was late.4) The trouble is that I
21、 lost his address. 二、表语从句二、表语从句as though (as if ) 。when / where / why / how / because that / whether / as if / as though (if不引导不引导表语从句表语从句)who / whom / whose / which / what由关系副词引导的表语从句由关系副词引导的表语从句。关系副词关系副词 when, where, how, why 除在句子除在句子起起 作用外，在从句中还充作用外，在从句中还充当当 ， ， 或或 状语状语，本身本身具有词义具有词义。连接连接时间时间地点地点方
22、式方式原因原因例如：例如：Go and get your coat. Its you left it. where去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I got wet through. 我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。 -You see, Im poor in maths, you are not good at English, and -Thats we should help each other.A.
23、when B. where C. how D. what表语从句注意点 1). 表语从句一律用表语从句一律用陈述句的陈述句的语序语序.语序语序:Thats why I was late. 2). 引导词引导词that无实际意义无实际意义,但但不能省略不能省略.e.g.: The trouble is that I have lost her address. 3).表语从句表语从句只能用只能用whether,而不能用而不能用if 引导引导.e.g.: The question is whether we can rely on him. 表语从句注意点 4). 当主语是当主语是reason时时
24、,表语从句用表语从句用that, 不用不用because. 要用要用The reason is thatThe reason for sth is thatThe reason (why + 句子句子)is that 或或 This / it /that/ is because等句型等句型.e.g. The reason for his absence was that he was ill. 例如例如: 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多人太多.1)The reason why he was late this morning is because tha
25、t there was a lot of traffic on the road.2)The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.3)He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 谓语建议：建议：suggest, advice, propose, 要求：要求：demand, request, requ
26、ire, ask 命令：命令：order, command坚持：坚持：insist e.g.: I suggest that you (should) be there on time. 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在在表语从句中表语从句中主语主语 建议建议：suggestion / advice 要求要求：requirement / demand 命令命令：order, commande.g.: Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Is this museum what you visited?Is
27、this the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?( (表从表从) )( (定从定从) )( (定从定从) )回顾与练习回顾与练习b. 表语从句表语从句d. 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句e. whether to do 做动词宾语做动词宾语f. 与与 or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时连在一起引导宾语从句时宾语与表语从句中不能使用宾语与表语从句中不能使用if 的情况的情况:1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is
28、 safe.3. I dont know _ or not he is well.4. The question is _ he should do it.5. I havent decided _ to go there.if / whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether He said the text was very important and we should learn it by heart.2. My worry is that he can get there on time.3. The reason why he failed was be
29、cause he hadnt studied hard.4. What we need are time.5. Here are two books. You can take whatever you want.isthatwhetherthatwhicheverExercises 改错改错用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子。用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子。 1. 老师说月亮绕着地球转。老师说月亮绕着地球转。 The teacher said (that) the moon goes around the earth.2. 他们都在担心是否能按时到达那里。他们都在担心是否能按时到达那里。 T
30、hey are all worrying about whether they can get there on time.3. 我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很重要的。重要的。 I think it is important for them to finish their own task on time.4. 问题是这本书是否有读的价值。问题是这本书是否有读的价值。 The question is whether the book is worth reading.5. 我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。 I dont kno
31、w why Tom didnt come this morning.6. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。我的意见是你不应单独前往。 My opinion is that you should not go alone. 7. 那是因为他没有理解我。那是因为他没有理解我。 Thats because he didnt understand me.= The reason is that he did not understand me. 8. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early to
32、morrow morning. 1. He told me _ he would go to college the next year.2. I dont know _ there will be a bus.3. I really dont know _ you should depend on if you dont depend on your parents.用适当的词填空，使下列宾语从句和表用适当的词填空，使下列宾语从句和表语从句意思完整。语从句意思完整。that / 不填不填if / whetherwhom / who4. He didnt tell me _ he would
33、come back from Shanghai next time.5. Let me know _ train youll be arriving on.6. Can you work out _ much we will spend during the trip?7. Make sure _ there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.when whichhowthat8. We think it necessary _ we take plenty of hot water every day.9. Tom
34、is very lazy. That is _ he didnt pass the exam.10. This is _ we found the strange trees.11. My idea is _ we should all do our best to do everything well.thatwhywhere / howthat12. It looked _ he had understood this question.13. The reason why I was sad was _ he didnt understand me.14. His first quest
35、ion was _ Mr. Smith had arrived or not.15. We all find it important _ we (should) make a quick decision about this matter. thatas ifthatwhether The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _ they insist on going on motor-bike. (04) The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I t
36、hought was a dangerous speed. (04)whywhat关联词的选择关联词的选择 that4. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. (04)5. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. (05)6. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _Im tal
37、king to. (04)whatwhoever7. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. (04)8. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. (00)9. I read about it in some book or other, does is matter _ it was? (01)howwhateverwhich10. A modern city has b
38、een set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. (04)11. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.12. The way he did it was different from _ we were used to. (05)whatthatwhat13. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. (05)14. The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (05)15. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth. (05)whywhateverwhethersummary 一that宾语从句 1.that省略情况 2.否定前移 3.that宾语从句中的虚拟语气 4.that从句中it 作形式宾语 二.whether/if引导的宾语从句 二、其他连接词连接的宾语从句 考点主要有：引导词，时态，语序
