1、语法专题（一）名词PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇【中考考点】（1）正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。（2）掌握可数名词复数的构成。（3）掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。考点一不可数名词1.概述不可数名词为不能直接用数字计数的词,分为 （表示构成世上万物的物质或材料的名称的词,如water, wood, milk等） 和 （表示性质、行为、状态、情感等抽象概念名称的词,如fun, happiness, health等）。不可数名词通常无复数形式,也不用a或an修饰。 物质名词抽象名词2.不可数名词的量化表达（1）借助some, any, much, little, a little, a lo
2、t of, lots of, plenty of等来表示。如:much water, some orange juice, a little milk （2）借助容器来表示。如:一杯咖啡 ,十袋米 （3）借助计量单位来表示。如:一张纸 ,一片面包 （4）对不可数名词前的数量修饰语提问用how much。a cup of coffeeten bags of ricea piece of papera slice of bread3.既可数又不可数的名词词条含义作可数名词作不可数名词chicken鸡鸡肉room房间空间fish鱼鱼肉glass玻璃杯玻璃paper试卷;报纸纸张time倍数,次数时间
3、work作品工作experience经历经验light电灯光,光线exercise习题锻炼,运动orange橙子橙汁radio收音机无线电考点二可数名词1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化分类构成例词一般情况加-smapmaps bagbags yearyears以s, x, sh, ch等结尾的词加-esbusbuses boxboxeswishwishes beachbeaches以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i, 再加-esstory stories familyfamiliespartyparties以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词多数在词尾加-es（kilos, photos,pianos除
4、外）tomatotomatoes potatopotatoesheroheroes以f或fe结尾的词多数变f或fe为ve,再加-sknifeknives leafleavesshelfshelves thiefthieves【巧学妙记】 需变fe或f为ve再加-s的名词一个小偷（thief）的妻子（wife）,一生（life）中拿了一把刀（knife）和一片树叶（leaf）,杀死了一匹狼（wolf）,把狼一分为二（half）,挂在架子（shelf）上。2.可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化构成例词内部中的元音变化footfeet, toothteeth, manmen,womanwomen, po
5、licemanpolicemen, policewomanpolicewomen, EnglishmanEnglishmen 单复数同形Chinese, deer, Japanese, sheep只有复数形式trousers, glasses（眼镜）, people, pants, scissors特殊变化mousemice, childchildren 3.名词修饰名词时的复数形式的构成（1）名词作定语修饰名词时,复数形式是将后面的名词变为复数。如:many apple trees, boy students（2）man 和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都变为复数。如:men te
6、achers, women doctors 考点三名词所有格1.构成分类构成例词有生命的名词（人或动物）在词尾加“s”Mikes carmy mothers birthday有生命的名词（人或动物）以s结尾的复数名词只加“”kids ballsteachers books不以s结尾的复数名词加“s”Childrens Daymens shoes无生命的名词一般用of结构a picture of his rooma map of China2.特殊用法（1）表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词也可用“s”构成所有格。今天的报纸 世界人口 （2）表示某一东西为两人或多人共有时,只需在最后
7、一个名词后加“s”,后面所跟名词用单数;表示各自所有时,则需在每个名词后加“s”,后面所跟名词用复数。莉莉和露西共有的房间 莉莉和露西各自的房间 todays newspaperthe worlds populationLily and Lucys roomLilys and Lucys rooms（3）表示“某人家”、“诊所”、 “店铺”等处所。在李雷家 at Li Leis在诊所 at Grandparents在祖父母家（4）双重所有格表示整体中的一部分,结构为“of+名词所有格” 或 “of+名词性物主代词”。我父亲的一本书 我的一个朋友 a friend of mine=one of
8、my friendsat the doctorsa book of my fathers考点过关训练.单项选择1.We have few in the fridge. Lets go and buy some potatoes, tomatoes and carrots. A.vegetables B.fruit C.meat D.eggs2.You look worried. Whats your ? I have trouble learning English.A.name B.question C.problem D.job3. mothers couldnt go to the me
9、eting, because theyve gone to Nanjing. A.Li Lei and Lucys B.Li Leis and Lucys C.Li Lei and Lucy D.Li Leis and LucyACB考点过关训练4.2018镇江一模 I have some problems with my English writing. Can you give me some ? A.magazines B.directionsC.suggestions D.messages 5.2018淮安 Lindas performance at the art festival
10、was a（n） and was loved by her teachers and classmates. A.success B.dream C.chance D.idea CA考点过关训练.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空6. （teacher） Day is on September 10th. 7.I think Jackie Chan is one of the most popular （actor）.I like him very much. 8.He is a friend of my （sister）. 9.There are several （library） in the
11、 city. 10.2018上海 My cousin likes to collect （stamp） in his spare time. 11.Those （policeman） are looking for the lost kids. 12.Whose （key） are these? I think theyre Johns.Teachersactorssisterslibrariesstampspolicemenkeys考点过关训练13.2018安顺 Look! So many （girl） students are enjoying themselves on the play
12、ground. 14.A number of （German） are talking about Chinese culture. 15.Here are five （bottle） of （juice） for you. 16.2018新疆改编 I like playing basketball very much and I want to be a basketball （play） in the future. 17.Many people lost their （life） in the accident. 18.My sisters are both （woman） doctors. 19.How many times do you brush your （tooth） every day? 20.Take a short rest after two （hour） hard work. girlGermansbottlesjuiceplayerlivesteethhourswomen
