Unit 3 Fit for life(共89个生词和短语)-(2020)新牛津译林版高中英语高二选择性必修二.doc

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1、普通高中教科书英语选择性必修第二册词汇表Unit 3Fit for life(共89个生词和短语)surgeon noun 外科医师a brain surgeon脑外科医生surgery noun U外科手术;外科学major / minor surgery大手术;小手术physician noun 医师;(尤指)内科医师chemist noun 药剂师;药商chemists 药房;药店化学家dentist noun 牙科医生dentists 牙科诊所specialist noun 专家专科医生specialist adj.specialize(BrE also -ise) verb I专门研

2、究(或从事);专攻 (in sth)specialization, -isation noun U, C*gene noun (生)基因be in the genes基因使然;是遗传的genetic adj. 基因的;遗传学的genetically adv.game-changing adj. 改变游戏规则的(指彻底改变事态发展的)game-changer noun(NAmE) 改变游戏规则者(指彻底改变事态发展的人、理念或事件)*genome noun (生)基因组;染色体组the human genome人体基因组cell noun 单间牢房;牢房细胞电池being noun U存在;生存

3、C生物U思想感情;身心*lifespan noun 寿命;可持续年限;有效期affect verb often passive影响 sb / sthoften passive(疾病)侵袭,使感染 sb / sth(感情上)深深打动;使悲伤(或怜悯) sbSYN touch, move假装 (to do) sth炫耀;做作地使用(或穿戴) sthSYN put onaffected adj. 假装的;做作的affecting adj. 深深打动人的;感动人的;激起怜悯的affection noun U, sing.喜爱;钟爱 (for sb / sth)affections pl.爱情contr

4、act noun 合同;合约;契约 with sb between A and B for sth to do sth(雇用杀人的)协议,合同 (on sb)to enter into / make / sign a contract with the supplier与供应商签订合同verb I, T(使)收缩,缩小 sth sth to sthOPP expandT感染(疾病);得(病) sthT与订立合同(或契约) sb to do sth sb (to sth)I订立的合同(或契约) to do sthT a marriage / an alliance (with sb)(与)订立(

5、婚约);(与)缔结(同盟)contract sth out (to sb)订约把承包出去virus noun 病毒;滤过性病毒病毒性疾病;病毒病(计算机程序中的)病毒viral adj. 病毒的;病毒性的;病毒引起的a viral infection病毒性感染cancer noun U, C癌;癌症C(迅速蔓延的)邪恶;(社会)毒瘤identify verb 确认;认出;鉴定 sb / sth as sb / sth找到;发现 sth显示;说明身份 sb / sth (as sb / sth)identify with sb与某人产生共鸣;谅解;同情SYN sympathize withide

6、ntify sb with sth把某人视为identify sth with sth认为某物等同于SYN equatebe identified with sb / sthidentify yourself with sb / sth支持;与有密切关联identification noun U, C(abbr. ID)鉴定;辨认U确认;确定(abbr. ID)U身份证明U, C强烈的同情感(或谅解、支持) (with sb / sth)U, C密切联系;紧密联系 (of sb) (with sb / sth)relate verb 联系;使有联系;把联系起来 sth A to BSYN co

7、nnect叙述;讲述;讲(故事) sth sth to sb how, what, etc. thatrelate to sth / sb涉及;与相关;谈到能够理解并同情;了解;体恤产生共鸣;认同SYN empathize withrelated adj. 相关的;有联系的 (to sth / sb)a related issue / question相关的议题 / 问题属同一家族的;有亲属关系的 (to sth / sb)属于同一种类的;同一组别的 (to sth)relation noun relations pl.(人、团体、国家之间的)关系,联系,交往 (with sb / sth)

8、(between A and B)diplomatic / international / foreign relations外交 / 国际 / 对外关系U, C(事物之间的)关系,关联,联系 between A and B to sthC亲戚;亲属SYN relativein relation to sth关于;涉及和相比means noun(pl. means)方式;方法;途径 (of doing sth / of sth)pl.财富;钱财by all means可以;当然行;没问题by means of sth借助手段;依靠方法by no meansnot by any (manner

9、of) means绝不;一点也不a means to an end(本身并不重要或有趣的)达到目的的手段delete verb 删去;删除 sth (from sth)deletion noun U, Crestore verb 恢复(某种情况或感受) sth (to sb)使复原;使复位;使复职 sb / sth to sth修复;整修;使复原 sth重新采用(或实施);恢复 sth归还(失物、赃款等) sth (to sb / sth)restoration noun U, C整修;修复U, C(规章制度等的)恢复 of sthU复原;复位;回归;归还 (of sth)ultimately

10、 adv. 最终;最后;终归最基本地;根本上ultimate adj. 最后的;最终的;终极的SYN finalour ultimate goal / aim / objective / target极端的;最好(或坏、伟大、重要等)的根本的;基本的;基础性的SYN basic, fundamentalnoun sing.the in sth最好(或先进、伟大等)的事物;极品;精华abnormal adj. 不正常的;反常的;变态的;畸形的OPP normalweapon noun 武器;兵器;凶器a deadly weapon武器,手段,工具(用作攻击或斗争的知识、言语、行动等)be a d

11、ouble-edged sword / weapon既有优点也有缺点;是一把双刃剑fundamental adj. 十分重大的;根本的SYN basic基础的;基本的 (to sth)SYN essentialnoun usually pl.基本规律;根本法则;基本原理;基础pace noun sing., U(移动的)速度;步速to set off at a steady / gentle / leisurely pace以稳定的 / 徐缓的 / 悠闲的步子出发sing., U(发生的)速度;步伐;节奏 (of sth)C(走或跑时)迈出的一步;一步的距离;步幅SYN stepU迅速出现(或

12、变化等);快节奏keep pace (with sb / sth)(与)并驾齐驱;(与)步调一致set the pace确定速度;确立标准;领先(跑步比赛)领跑at a snails pace非常缓慢verb I, T来回踱步;走来走去+ adv. / prep. sthT确定速度;调整节奏 sthT调整自己的工作(或活动)节奏 yourselfarise verb(arose, arisen)I(问题或困境)发生;产生;出现SYN occurI(由)引起;(因)产生 (out of / from sth)I出现;产生;发展I(old use or literary)起床;起立;起身I群起反对

13、;奋起斗争 (against sb / sth)I(literary)(山、高大建筑物等)(随着人走近而)逐渐显现restrict verb 限制,限定(数量、范围等) sth to sth sth束缚;妨碍;阻碍 sth(以法规)限制 sth (to sb)约束;管束 yourself (to sth / to doing sth)restriction noun C限制规定;限制法规 on sthto impose / place a restriction on sth对某事实行限制U限制;约束C制约因素prohibit verb (以法令)禁止SYN forbid sth sb fro

14、m doing sth (sb) doing sth阻止;使不可能 sth / sb from doing sthSYN preventprohibition noun U(通过法律的)禁止,阻止C禁令;禁律 (against / on sth)resistance noun U, sing.反对;抵制;抗拒 (to sb / sth)U, sing.抵抗;反抗 (to sb / sth)U, sing.抗力;抵抗力 (to sth)U, sing.阻力 (to sth)U, C(物)(symb R)电阻often the Resistancesing. + sing. / pl. v.(尤指

15、敌占区的)秘密抵抗组织resist verb T, I抵制;阻挡 (sth) doing sthSYN opposeI, T反抗;回击;抵抗 sthT, I(通常用于否定句)忍住;抵挡 (sth) doing sthT使不受的伤害;抗(伤害) sthflu(often the flu)(also influenza) noun U流行性感冒;流感characteristic adj. 典型的;独特的;特有的 (of sth)noun 特征;特点;品质 (of sth / sb)wrestle verb I, T摔跤 with sb sb ( + adv. / prep.)I, T奋力对付;努力

16、处理;全力解决 (with) sth to do sthSYN battle, grapplewrestler noun 摔跤运动员wrestling noun U摔跤运动put sth in place准备就绪in placeinto place在正确位置;准备妥当在工作;准备就绪debate noun C, U (on / about / over sth)(在公共集会上或议会里就某问题进行的、常以表决结束的)辩论(各自发表不同意见的)争论,辩论,讨论a heated / wide-ranging / lively debate激烈的 / 广泛的 / 热烈的讨论verb T, I(正式)讨

17、论,辩论SYN discuss (sth) whether, what, etc.I, T仔细考虑;思考;盘算 (with yourself) whether, what, etc. doing sthwithout / beyond doubt毫无疑问;的确beyond (any) doubt无疑;确实be in doubt不肯定;不确定;拿不准have your doubts (about sth)(有理由)不相信,对(某事)持怀疑态度if in doubt如果没把握;如果拿不准no doubt无疑;很可能无疑;确实地finding noun often pl.调查发现;调研结果(律)判决

18、;裁决ripe adj. (水果或庄稼)成熟的OPP unripe(干酪或果酒)口味浓郁的;成熟的;醇美可口的SYN mature(气味)强烈的;难闻的时机成熟的;适宜的 (for sth)ripeness noun Ua / the ripe old age (of)(的)高龄ripen verb I, T(使)成熟 (sth)withdraw verb(withdrew, withdrawn)I, T(使)撤回,撤离 (sb / sth) (from sth)SYN pull outT停止提供;不再给予 sth sth (from sth)I, T(使)退出 (from sth) sb /

19、 sth (from sth)T提,取(银行帐户中的款) sthT收回,撤回,撤销(说过的话) sth SYN retractI脱离(社会);不与人交往 (from sth) (into sth)withdrawal noun U, C撤走;收回;取回U不再参加;退出(组织)C(从银行帐户中)提款,取款U戒毒过程;脱瘾期C, usually sing., U(对说过的话的)收回,撤回U(心)孤僻withdrawn adj. 沉默寡言的;怕羞的;内向的equip verb 装备;配备 yourself / sb / sth (with sth) (for sth)be fully / poorl

20、y equipped装备齐全 / 简陋使有所准备;使有能力 sb (for sth) sb (to do sth)equipment noun U 设备;器材配备;装备a useful piece of equipment for the kitchenartificial adj. 人工的;人造的;假的人为的;非天然的虚假的;假装的artificiality noun Uartificially adv.*limb noun 肢;臂;腿;翼;翅膀-limbed(构成形容词)有肢(或翼、翅膀)的(树的)大枝,主枝out on a limb无人支持;孤立无援tear / rip sb limb

21、from limb猛烈攻击某人risk life and limbrisk your neck冒死;不惜受伤rubber noun U橡胶C(also eraser)橡皮;黑板擦outgoing adj. 爱交际的;友好的;外向的SYN sociableonly before noun将卸任的;离职的OPP incoming向外的;离开的OPP incominggrateful adj. 感激的;表示感谢的 (to sb) (for sth) (to do sth) (that)disabled adj. 丧失能力的;有残疾的;无能力的physically / mentally disable

22、d有生理残疾的;精神伤残的the disabled残疾人;伤残者disable verb 使丧失能力;使伤残 sb使无效;使不能运转 sthdisability noun C(某种)缺陷,障碍a physical / mental disability生理残疾;心理障碍U(状态、身心、学习等方面的)缺陷,障碍conventional adj. 依照惯例的;遵循习俗的;墨守成规的;普通平凡的conventional behaviour / morality循规蹈矩的行为;传统的道德规范传统的;习惯的conventional medicine传统医学conventional methods / a

23、pproaches传统方法(武器)非核的;常规的conventional weaponsconvention noun C, U习俗;常规;惯例C(从业者、政党成员等的)大会,集会SYN conferenceC(国家或首脑间的)公约,协定,协议C, U(文学、艺术或戏剧的)传统手法,传统风格leather noun U, C皮革leathers pl.皮衣;皮外套sensory adj. usually before noun(术语)感觉的;感官的sensor noun (探测光、热、压力等的)传感器,敏感元件,探测设备patent noun C, U专利权;专利证书to apply for

24、a patent on an invitation申请发明专利adj. 有专利的;受专利保护的(产品)专利生产的;专利经销的明显的;赤裸裸的verb 获得专利 sthfuel noun U, C燃料solid fuel固体燃料U(使争论等继续或更加激烈的)刺激性言行verb T给提供燃料 sthT, I给(交通工具)加油 (sth) (up)T增加;加强;刺激 sthSYN stoketo fuel rumours / fears引起谣传 / 恐惧disturb verb 打扰;干扰;妨碍 sb / sth搅乱;弄乱;搞乱 sth使焦虑;使不安;使烦恼 sbdisturbing adj. 引起

25、烦恼的;令人不安的;引起恐慌的disturbed adj. 有精神病的;心理不正常的;精神紊乱的不幸的;多灾多难的;坎坷的心神不安的;心烦意乱的;烦恼的tackle verb T应付,处理,解决(难题或局面) sthT与某人交涉;向某人提起(问题或困难情况) sb (about sth)SYN confrontT, I(足球、曲棍球等)抢球;抢断;抢截;铲断 (sb)I, T(橄榄球或美式足球)擒抱摔倒;阻截 (sb)T抓获;擒获;给以颜色攻击;与打架 sbnoun C(足球等)抢断球,阻截铲球;(橄榄球或美式足球)擒抱摔倒;阻截C(NAmE)(美式足球)阻截队员U用具;体育器材;(尤指)渔具

26、head-on adj. only before noun 积极地;果断地迎头相撞的;正面相撞的正面反对的;迎头的head-on adv.go to any, some, great etc. lengths to do sth竭尽全力;不遗余力at lengthatlength长时间;详尽地经过一段长时间以后;最后length noun U, C长;长度U, C(持续时间的)长短U, C(书或文件等的)篇幅;(电影的)放映时间adjust verb T调整;调节 sth sth to sthT适应;习惯 to sth to doing sth yourself to sthT整理 sthad

27、justable adj. 可调整的;可调节的adjustment noun C, U 调整;调节(思想、行为的)调整;适应centimetre(NAmE centimeter) noun(abbr. cm) 厘米*acupuncture noun U针刺疗法needle noun 针;缝衣针编织针注射针;针头指针a needle in a haystack草垛里的针;几乎不可能找到的东西evidence noun U, C根据;证明;证据 (of sth) (for sth) (that)U(法庭上的)证据,人证,物证,证词(be) in evidence显眼;显而易见verb usuall

28、y passive证明;表明;作为的证据 sthevident adj. 清楚的;显而易见的;显然的SYN obvious (to sb) (that) in / from sthevidently adv. 明显地;显然地SYN obviously, apparentlydate back (to)date from追溯到;始于;自至今solid adj. 固体的;坚硬的无空隙的;非中空的;实心的结实的;坚固的;牢固的可靠的;可信赖的;坚实的当不错(但谈不上出色或独特)的纯质的;纯的;全的连续的;不间断的;整整的纯色的;单色的立体的;立方的一致的;意见统一的noun 固体(几何)立体swit

29、ch noun (电路的)开关,闸,转换器(突然彻底的)改变,转变 (in / of sth) (from A to B)(铁路的)转辙器,道岔(细软)枝条;鞭子verb I, T(使)改变,转变,突变 (over) (from sth) (to sth) between A and B sth (over) (from sth) (to sth)T交换;掉换;转换;对调SYN swap sth sth over / around / round sth with sthI, T掉班;临时换掉工作时间SYN swap (with sb) sth (with sb) (sth) (over) /

30、 around / round)switch off不再想着;不再注意;失去兴趣switch off / on sth off / on关 / 开(电灯、机器等)*stainless adj. 不生锈的stainless steel noun U不锈钢stain verb T, I(被)沾污;留下污渍 (sth) (with sth) sth + adj.T给染色(或着色) sth sth + adj.T(formal)玷污,败坏(名声) sthnoun C污点;污渍stubborn stains顽固的污渍a blood / a coffee / an ink stain血迹、咖啡渍;墨痕U,

31、 C染色剂;着色剂sing.(名声上的)污点a on sthsteel noun U钢U钢铁工业of steel钢铁般坚强(或冷漠、坚硬)的verb 准备应付;下决心应付 yourself (for / against sth) yourself to do sthmillimetre(NAmE millimeter)noun(abbr. mm)毫米;千分之一米clinic noun 诊所;(医院的)门诊部(especially BrE)门诊时间;会诊时间(especially BrE)私人诊所;专科医院(NAmE)门诊治疗部;医疗中心临床实习;临床教学(尤指运动员举办的)讲习班,培训班,研习

32、班examine verb 审查;调查;考查;考察 sth how, what, etc.(仔细地)检查,检验 sb / sth sth / sb for sth考,测验(某人) sb (in / on sth)(在法庭上)审问,查问 sbexam(also formal examination)noun(笔头、口头或操作)考试to take an exam参加考试examination noun C(formal)= examtake / do / sit an examinationU, C审查;调查;考查;考察C(仔细的)检查,检验*tongue noun C舌;舌头U, C口条C语言s

33、ing.说话方式-tougued有说话方式的;说话的C鞋舌C舌状物a tongue of flame火舌bite your tongue隐忍不言(避免祸从口出)a slip of the pen / tongue笔误;口误on the tip of your tongue话在嘴边上(却一时想不起来)watch your mouth / tongue说话当心;嘴上留个把门的*pulse noun usually sing.脉搏;脉率强劲的音乐节拍SYN rhythm脉冲pulses pl.豆果果实;荚果;豆子verb I搏动;跳动;震动SYN throbI洋溢着;充满(激情等) (with st

34、h)SYN buzzwrist noun 手腕;腕关节a slap on the wrist警告;轻微的惩罚organ noun (人或动植物的)器官管风琴风琴(官方的)机构;机关机关报刊;(某团体的)宣传工具severe adj. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的严厉的;重的 (on / with sb)SYN harsh严厉的;苛刻的SYN stern艰难的;艰巨的;难度很大的SYN stiff(disapproving)过于简朴的severity noun U严格;严重;严肃anxiety noun U焦虑;忧虑 (about / over sth)C担心;忧虑;害怕U渴望 to do sth f

35、or sthanxious adj. 焦虑的;忧虑的;担心的 (about sth) (for sb)令人焦虑的;流露出忧虑的an anxious look / face / expression渴望的;非常希望的 to do sth for sth for sb to do sth thatabuse noun U, sing.滥用;妄用 of sthSYN misuseU, pl.虐待U辱骂;恶语SYN insultsverb 滥用 sth滥用,妄用(权力,所知所闻) sth虐待;性虐待;伤害 sb / sth辱骂;对(某人)恶语相加;诋毁 sbSYN insultmisuse noun

36、U, C, usually sing.误用;滥用;盗用SYN abuseverb 误用;滥用 sth虐待 sbalcohol noun U 含酒精饮料;酒酒精;乙醇alcoholic adj. 酒精的;含酒精的OPP non-alcoholic饮酒引起的noun 酒精中毒者;嗜酒如命者;酒鬼drug noun 毒品a drug addict药;药物verb 使服麻醉药;用药麻醉;使服兴奋剂 sb / sth(在食物或饮料中)投放麻醉药,下麻醉药 sthtobacco noun U, C(pl. -os)烟叶;烟草phenomenon noun(pl. phenomena) 现象cultural

37、 / natural / social phenomena文化 / 自然 / 社会现象substance noun C物质;物品;东西a chemical / radioactive sunstance化学、放射性物质U事实基础;根据U主旨;要点;实质;基本内容U重要性SYN significancea man / woman of substance有钱有势的男人 / 女人substantial adj. 大量的;价值巨大的;重大的SYN considerablea substantial change重大变化usually before noun大而坚固的;结实的;牢固的symbol no

38、un 象征 (of sth)符号;代号;记号 (for sth)symbolic adj. 使用象征的;作为象征的;象征性的 (of sth)symbolize(also -ise)verb 象征;是的象征;代表 sthSYN representwidespread adj. 分布广的;普遍的;广泛地*bandage noun 绷带verb 用绷带包扎 sth (up)infection noun U传染;感染C(身体某部位)的感染,传染病an ear / throat infection耳部、喉部感染infect verb 传染;使感染 sb / sth sb / sth with sth使携带病菌 sth (with sth)SYN contaminate传染,使感染(计算机病毒) sth (with sth)使感染(某种感情);影响 sb (with sth)infected adj. 带菌的;感染病菌的(计)感染电脑病毒的

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