1、考研基础班翻翻译真题实译真题实例例 (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantages of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation.第一步：句子第一步：句子结构结构 (46) he believes that this very difficu
2、lty may have had the compensating advantages of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation. 从从句的确定句的确定知识点知识点1 1：宾语从句：宾语从句 1. They want to explain why we possess characteristic and exhibit certain behavior
3、. (1990年61题) 本句中why引导的为宾语从句，可单独翻译为一句。 They want to explain why we possess characteristic and exhibit certain behavior.知识点知识点1 1：宾语从句：宾语从句 翻译技巧：逗号拆分，清晰明了。 They want to explain 他们想要说明 why we possess characteristic and exhibit certain behavior 为什么我们有些性格特征和表现出某些行为 参考答案：他们想要说明，为什么我们有些性格特征和表现出某些行为。知识点知识点1
4、 1：宾语从句：宾语从句 2. Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personality and behavior are largely determined by biological factors. (1990年62题) 本句是that从句做believe的宾语。 Those believe that our personality and behavior are largely determined by biological factors.知识点知识点1 1：宾语从句：宾语从
5、句 Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe 抓主干those believe 那些人认为 那些赞成“天性”一派的人认为 那些赞成战争中“天性”一派的人认为 战争中，那些赞成“天性”一派的人认为知识点知识点1 1：宾语从句：宾语从句 that our personality and behavior are largely determined by biological factors 我们的性格和行为大多是由生物因素所决定的 参考答案：这场争论中，赞成“天性”的那些人认为：我们的性格和行为大多是由生物因素所决定的
6、。第一步：句子第一步：句子结构结构 (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantages of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation. 定定状状的修的修饰饰第一步：句子第一步：句子结构结构 句子可句子可试译为试译为： 达达尔文相信，尔文相信，这个
7、这个困困难难具有具有的的优势优势，使得他使得他；因此，使得他在；因此，使得他在过过程程中，中，。 解解题题方法：方法： 1. 1. 分析分析结构结构。2. 2. 推敲推敲词义词义。3. 3. 句子拆分句子拆分 结构结构分析非常重要！分析非常重要！第二步：第二步：词义词义推敲推敲 (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantages of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence and thus enab
8、ling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation. 词语词语的推敲的推敲第二步：第二步：词义词义推敲推敲 (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantages of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in
9、his own observation. 短短语语的推敲的推敲第二步：第二步：词义词义推敲推敲 compensating advantages：克短的优势，取长补短，扬长避短 long and intently：长时间专注地 detect error：发现缺点 reasoning：原因 推理 This very difficulty: 正是这个困难 enabling him to：使得他第三步：意群拆分第三步：意群拆分 (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantages of f
10、orcing him to think long and intently about every sentence and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation. 语语序的序的调调整整第三步：意群拆分第三步：意群拆分 (46) he believes that this very difficultymay have had the compensating advantages of forcing him to think long and intently about eve
11、ry sentence and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation. 句子的拆分句子的拆分第三步：意群拆分第三步：意群拆分 英英汉汉句式差句式差异异1 1： 英语多长句，汉语多短句。 试着翻译 In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors. 门口放着一堆伞，少说12把，五颜六色，大小不一。第三步：意群拆分第三步：意群拆分 英英汉汉句式差句式差异异2 2： 英语多从句，汉语多分句。 试着翻译
12、Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me? 我有一个问题不明，想请教你，能回答吗？20082008年翻年翻译真题实译真题实例例 (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thoughts was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with m
13、athematics.20082008年翻年翻译真题实译真题实例例 (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thoughts was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.知识点二：定语从句知识点二：定语从句 1. It applied equally to traditional historians wh
14、o view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. (1992年73题) 一个主句带带两个由who引导的定义从句。知识点二：定语从句知识点二：定语从句 It applied equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and interna
15、l criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. 两种译法（1）前置定语；（2）后置说明知识点二：定语从句知识点二：定语从句 处理从句的方法： 1. 抓主干，去定从； 2. 确定定从的翻译位置； 3. 通顺成文。 It applied equally to traditional historians and to social science historians.知识点二：定语从句知识点二：定语从句 traditional
16、historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources 前置法：将历史仅仅看作是对历史材料来源的内部的和外部的批评的传统历史学家 后置法：传统历史学家，其将历史仅仅看作是对历史材料来源地内部和外部的批评知识点二：定语从句知识点二：定语从句 social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques 前置法：把历史研究活动等同于具体研究方法的社会科学历史学家 后置法：社会科学历史学家，其把历史研
17、究活动等同于具体研究方法知识点二：定语从句知识点二：定语从句 它同样适用于 和 前置译法：它同样适用于将历史仅仅看作是对历史材料来源的内部的和外部的批评的传统历史学家，和把历史研究活动等同于具体研究方法的社会科学历史学家。 评价：冗长单一，句子不清晰。 前置译法被枪毙知识点二：定语从句知识点二：定语从句 改成后置法 后置译法：它同样适用于传统历史学家和社会科学历史学家，前者将历史仅仅看作是对历史材料来源地内部和外部的批评；后者将历史研究活动等同于具体的研究方法。 后置译法非常自然知识点二：定语从句知识点二：定语从句 2. “In short”, a leader of the new scho
18、ol contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. (1994年72题) That 引导三个限定性定语从句：use, improvement, invention.知识点二：定语从句知识点二：定语从句 “In short”, a leader of the ne
19、w school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.知识点二：定语从句知识点二：定语从句 新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之，我们所称之的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进，发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使得科学发展的范围无所不及。知识点二：定语
20、从句知识点二：定语从句 3. Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the cause of natural phenomena. 注意插入语，倒装，后置定语。 理清楚思
21、路。知识点二：定语从句知识点二：定语从句 Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set a complex train of reasoning in motion of the very same kind as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the cause of natural phenomena. though differing in degree知识点二：定语从句知识点二：定语从
22、句 大概这里不会有人 这些人一整天都没有机会进行一连串复杂的思考活动 同种类型 与科学家在探索自然现象原因时所经历的 尽管类型不同知识点二：定语从句知识点二：定语从句 整合版本： 大概这里不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串复杂的思考活动，这些思考活动与科学家在探索自然现象原因时所经历的思考活动，尽管复杂程度不同，但在类型上时完全一样的。 长句并不难，重要在于结构+字词+拆分知识点二：定语从句知识点二：定语从句 4. In office, figures , list and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of
23、 the business what is happening in their shops or factories. 在办公室里，工作人员讲各种数据、表格和信息加以汇编，以便让经理或者主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况。知识点二：定语从句知识点二：定语从句 5. It was not until sixty years ago that a method of extracting aluminum ore was found which could lead to a cheap large-scale process. Which引导的是定语从句。 直到六十年前人们才找到采
24、铝矿的办法，从而是低成本、大规模冶炼金属铝成为可能。翻翻译真题实译真题实例例 (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thoughts was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.翻翻译真题实译真题实例例 (1) He also asserted (2) that his power was very li
25、mited (3) to follow a long and purely abstract train of thoughts (4) for which reason he felt certain that (5) he never could have succeeded with mathematics.翻翻译真题实译真题实例例 (1) (1) 他他还认为还认为 (2) (2) 他的能力非常有限他的能力非常有限 (3) (3) 进进行一些冗行一些冗长长和完全抽象的思考和完全抽象的思考 (4) (4) 由于由于这个这个原因，他确信原因，他确信 (5) (5) 他在他在数学数学上的成功是
26、上的成功是绝绝不可能的不可能的 他他还认为还认为，他，他进进行一些冗行一些冗长长和完全抽象的思考的和完全抽象的思考的能力非常有限。由于能力非常有限。由于这个这个原因，他确信，自己在原因，他确信，自己在数学数学上的成功是上的成功是绝对绝对不可能的。不可能的。翻翻译真题实译真题实例例 (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasonin
27、g.知识点三：名动转性译法知识点三：名动转性译法 Shift of Perspective 名词动词 口语：动词 动名词 名词 写作：名词 动名词 动词 I suddenly realized that the world is changing dramatically. I suddenly hit the realization that the world is under a dramatic change.知识点三：名动转性译法知识点三：名动转性译法 On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge ma
28、de by some of his critics that while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. (2008年47题最难) 尽管他是一个好的观察者，但是他没有推理的能力。 注意词性的转化。知识点三：名动转性译法知识点三：名动转性译法 1. The old hunter is a good skier. 这老猎人滑雪滑得很好。 2. I am no drinker, nor smoker. 我既不喝酒，也不吸烟。 3. This pupil is a good writer. 他的学生善于写作。 练习：Im an
29、 amateur. He is a better player than I.知识点三：名动转性译法知识点三：名动转性译法 4. The absence of Tom annoyed the professor. 汤姆缺席，把教授给惹恼了。 5. Budget cuts may cause closure of the school. 预算的缩减导致学校的关闭。 预算缩水，学校面临关闭。知识点三：名动转性译法知识点三：名动转性译法 6. Patriotism, to me, is the love of my country and the right to change things tha
30、t I dont like by voting. 在我看来，爱国主义就是热爱我的国家，就是有权采用选举的方式改变那些我不喜欢的事情。 7. The modern world is experiencing rapid development of science and technology. 当今世界的科学技术正在迅速的发展。20082008年翻年翻译真题实译真题实例例 (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that while he w
31、as a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.知识点四：倒装句知识点四：倒装句 2006年46题 I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底的) way about moral problem. elect as 哪个是elect的宾语知识点四：倒装句知识点四：倒装句 I shall define him as a
32、n individual who has elected the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底的) way about moral problem as his primary duty and pleasure in life. 我会把知识分子定义为这样的人：他已选择把用苏格拉底的方法思考道德问题的活动作为毕生的主要任务和乐趣。知识点四：倒装句知识点四：倒装句 2006年47题 His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of re
33、vealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.知识点四：倒装句知识点四：倒装句 2006年47题 His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decisio
34、n.知识点四：倒装句知识点四：倒装句 肢解: (1) His function is analogous to that of a judge 他的作用他的作用类类似于法官似于法官 (2) who must accept the obligation of 法官必法官必须须接受接受义务义务 (3) of revealing the course of reasoning 阐释阐释推理推理过过程程知识点四：倒装句知识点四：倒装句 (4) which led him to his decision （这个这个推理推理过过程）程）导导致他做出正确的致他做出正确的决决定定 (5) in a manne
35、r as obvious as possible 用一用一种尽种尽可能明可能明显显的方法的方法 合合并并： (1)(1)他的作用他的作用类类似于法官，似于法官，(2)(2)法官必法官必须须接受接受义务义务, , (3)(3)该义务该义务是是(5)(5)用一用一种尽种尽可能明可能明显显的方法的方法阐释阐释(4)(4)导导致他做出正确的致他做出正确的决决定定推理推理过过程。程。知识点四：倒装句知识点四：倒装句 参考答案： 他的作用类似法官，法官必须接受的义务是，以尽可能明显的方法揭示导致他作出他的决定的推理过程。 几乎一模一样！ 记得：结构了解了，然后字词意思知道，拆分就好了。翻翻译真题实译真题实
36、例例 On the other hand he did not accept the charge as well founded made by some of his critics that while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.翻翻译真题实译真题实例例 另一方面另一方面 他不他不认为对认为对他的指他的指责责是是证证据充足的据充足的 由一些由一些评论评论家提出的家提出的 尽尽管他善于管他善于观观察，却不能推理察，却不能推理 另一方面，他不另一方面，他不认为认为由一些由一些评论评论家提出的家提出的对对他的指他的
37、指责责是是证证据充足的，据充足的，该该指指责责是：是：尽尽管他善于管他善于观观察，却不能推理。察，却不能推理。翻翻译真题实译真题实例例 另一方面，一些另一方面，一些评论评论家提出，家提出，尽尽管他善于管他善于观观察，却不能推理。察，却不能推理。对这样对这样的指的指责责，他无，他无法接受，法接受，认为认为毫无根据。毫无根据。 标标准答案：准答案： 另一方面，他的批另一方面，他的批评评家指家指责说责说：虽虽然他善然他善于于观观察，却不能推理，察，却不能推理，达达尔文尔文对对此此认为这认为这样样的的职责职责站不住脚，不予接受。站不住脚，不予接受。 翻翻译真题实译真题实例例 (49) He adds
38、humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully”.知识点五：形动转性译法知识点五：形动转性译法 形容词动词 He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in
39、 observing them carefully”.（2008年49题） 很多名词或者动词都有其同源形容词 写作中更倾向于用同源形容词知识点五：形动转性译法知识点五：形动转性译法 1. My experience ought to be a warning to those who are too confident in their own opinions. 我的经历对于那些过于相信自己观点的人是个警示。 2. But this very formulation is indicative of the underlying attitude.知识点五：形动转性译法知识点五：形动转性译法
40、 但是这一说法本身已表明其根本态度。 3. At the same time, we are hopeful that we are going to be able to continue our meetings with these people, these individuals. 同时，我们希望能继续与这些人会晤，与这些个人会晤。知识点五：形动转性译法知识点五：形动转性译法 有时一些副词也具有动词的意味。 The worker are out. Shed be down a little while. 归纳： be+形容词，即形容词做表语 可转化为动词翻翻译真题实译真题实例例 He
41、 adds humbly 他他谦谦卑地卑地补补充充说说， that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men (品种) 也也许许他更他更优优于普通人于普通人 in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully翻翻译真题实译真题实例例 escape The change of his grandson did not escape him. 他孙子身上的变化并没有逃过他的眼睛。 The more valuable article
42、s escape the eyes of the thieves. 小偷没有发现那些更值钱的东西。翻翻译真题实译真题实例例 参考答案1： 他谦卑地补充道，或许他“和普通人比起来，更能够注意到那些别人容易忽略的细节，更能够对此加以详细地观察”。 参考答案2： 他谦卑地补充说，在注意那些容易被忽略的事情并对他们进行细心观察上，他或许比普通人要略高一筹。细节点：细节点：in doingin doing In doing something 一般译为：在做(的过程)中 in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing
43、them carefully 在注意那些容易被忽略的事情并对他们进行细心观察上 在上细节点：细节点：in doingin doing 2002年63题 The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to
44、be recognized and studied.细节点：细节点：in doingin doing (1) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago. Formulate 阐述，阐释 natural selection 自然选择 进化中的自然选择在一百年之前就被阐释了。细节点：细节点：in doingin doing (2) the selective role of the environment in shaping and m
45、aintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. the selective role is only beginning to be recognized and studied of the environment 细节点：细节点：in doingin doing 而自然的选择作用才刚刚被认识和研究。 in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual 在形成和保持个人行为的过程中 自然选择在进化中
46、的作用仅仅在一百多年自然选择在进化中的作用仅仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在形成（塑造）和前才得以阐明，而环境在形成（塑造）和保持个人行为的过程中（所起的）的选择保持个人行为的过程中（所起的）的选择作用则刚刚才开始被认识和研究。作用则刚刚才开始被认识和研究。细节点：细节点：in doingin doing 1995年71题 The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-formed or incompetent users.
47、 in attacking the tests 在过程中细节点：细节点：in doingin doing The target is wrong for in attacking the tests critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-formed or incompetent users divert from 把从转移 ill-informed 消息不灵通的细节点：细节点：in doingin doing 目标是错误的 因为在抨击测试的过程中 批评者们把注意力从错误中转移开了 这个错误取决于消息不灵通或者不能
48、胜任的使用者 目标是错误的，因为在抨击测试的过程中，批评者们把注意力从错误中转移开了，这个错误取决于消息不灵通或者不能胜任的使用者翻翻译真题实译真题实例例 2008年50题 Darwin was convinced that the loss of these taste was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect and more probably to the moral character.翻翻译真题实译真题实例例 Darwin Darwin was convince
49、dwas convinced the lossthe loss of these taste was not only of these taste was not only a lossa loss of happinessof happiness but might possibly be but might possibly be injurious toinjurious to the the intellect and more probably to the moral intellect and more probably to the moral charactercharac
50、ter 名名词词：lossloss 形容形容词词：injurious injurious 超超纲词纲词 注意一注意一个结构个结构：be convincedbe convinced细节点：细节点：be convincedbe convinced 1998年75题 Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have be
