1、高考英语阅读理解专项攻略高考英语阅读理解专项攻略 细节理解题细节理解题 细节理解题旨在考查学生对文章中具体细节的辨识能力。细节理解题旨在考查学生对文章中具体细节的辨识能力。提问方式灵活多样提问方式灵活多样,可涉及文章中的各种具体细节可涉及文章中的各种具体细节,如时间、如时间、地点、结果、原因、方式等。大体可分为直接信息题、地点、结果、原因、方式等。大体可分为直接信息题、语义转换题、正误判断题、逻辑排序题等。语义转换题、正误判断题、逻辑排序题等。考纲解读考纲解读【设题角度】【设题角度】1.直接信息题直接信息题(1)According to the passage,who(what,where,w
2、hen,why,how).?(2)Mr./Ms.did sth.to .2.语义转换题语义转换题(1)According to the author,.was caused by .(2)The reason.is that.(3)According to the passage,.3.正误判断题正误判断题Which of the following statements is false/not true according to the passage?All the statements are true except .In the passage,which of the follo
3、wing is not mentioned?/All of the following are mentioned except ?Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?All the following statements are not true except . Which of the following sentences is right according to the passage?4.逻辑排序题逻辑排序题(1)Choose the right order of the even
4、ts given in the passage.(2)Which order of the following is right?最佳选项最佳选项干扰选项干扰选项可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案,但多数选项与原文可能不是完全一样,而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思。最佳选项的信息值之和等于或约等于原文中某句的信息值。与短文细节部分相吻合,部分相悖。符合短文细节信息,但不符合题干要求。符合常识,但不是文章内容。明显与短文细节不符或短文未提到。与原句内容极为相似,但在程度上有些变动。【选项特征】【选项特征】【典例示范】【典例示范】Fire Prevention Information The Un
5、iversity of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers(灭火器). They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls. Whenever you
6、move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room. 1.What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals? A. To provide part-time jobs for students. B. To lead the students to the nearest exits. C. To check and maintain fire prevention equi
7、pment. D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.直接信息题直接信息题【解题思路】【解题思路】分析题干句意：询问预防火灾的专业人员的主要职责是什么分析题干句意：询问预防火灾的专业人员的主要职责是什么?根据第一部分中的第二句话根据第一部分中的第二句话(他们巡查所有的校园建筑他们巡查所有的校园建筑,检验并维检验并维护所有的喷水灭火装置、火警报警器和灭火器护所有的喷水灭火装置、火警报警器和灭火器)可知，可知，C项项(检查检查并维护火灾预防设备并维护火灾预防设备)描述的就是他们的主要职责。故答案选描述的就是他们的主要职责。故
8、答案选C。Fire Alarms The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的)fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper w
9、ith(胡乱摆弄)these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment. 2. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include? A. Pipes and smoke detectors. B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers. C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes. D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations. 【解题思路】【解题思路】分析分
10、析题干句意题干句意:自动火警报警系统包括什么自动火警报警系统包括什么?根据第二部分中的第二句话(大多数校园大楼内还配备了自动火警报警系统,包括热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷水灭火装置)可知答案为B项。Fiery Foods FestivalThe Hottest Festival on EarthEvery year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque,New Mexico.They come from as far away as Australia,the Caribbean and China,but they al
11、l share a common addictionfood that is not just spicy(辛辣),but hot enough to make your mouth burn,your head spin and your eyes water.Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March.You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepperoffi
12、cially the hottest pepper in the worldor any one of the thousands of products that are on show.But one things for sureif you dont like the feeling of a burning tongue,this festival isnt for you!La TomatinaThe Worlds Biggest Food FightOn the last Wednesday of every August,the Spanish town of Bunol ho
13、sts La Tomatinathe worlds largest food fight.A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the weeks events.The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoesofficial fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.The battle lasts l
14、ittle more than half an hour,in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves,runs,or fights back.Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends againand for a much-needed wash!Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.The chi
15、ef prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.B.More than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.C.Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.D.An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.D项与第三段中的项
16、与第三段中的“A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the weeks events.”不符。不符。C项与项与第二段中的第二段中的“You might like to try.or any one of the thousands of products that are on show.”相符。相符。A项中的项中的beer or port wine与第一段中的与第一段中的“All the competitors are served with beer or port
17、 wine,the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.”不符不符,B项与第二段中的项与第二段中的“Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque,New Mexico.They come from as far away as Australia,the Caribbean and China”不符。不符。【解题思路】【解题思路】故答案选故答案选B。(2018全国A)Washington,D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom
18、Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration:3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availa
19、bilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.【典例示范】【典例示范】语义转换题Which tour do you need to book in advance?A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites a
20、t Night Bicycle Tour.题干中的标识词是题干中的标识词是“book in advance”,按照段落的顺序进行查找按照段落的顺序进行查找,发现第一段发现第一段Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C中的中的“Reserve”与标识词意义相同与标识词意义相同,由此可知由此可知,华盛顿特区的樱花自行华盛顿特区的樱花自行车之旅需要提前预订。车之旅需要提前预订。答案选答案选A解题思路解题思路(2018全国C).Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different a
21、ges.He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls,roofs and corridors.This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).Wangs works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge o
22、f traditions.Through such a balance,he had created a new type of Chinese architecture,said Tadao Ando,the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.【典例示范】【典例示范】概括性细节理解题概括性细节理解题What made Wangs architectural design a success?A.The mixture of different shapes.B.The balance of East and West.C.The use of popular
23、 techniques.D.The harmony of old and new.由文章中的由文章中的“This creation.thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素元素).”及及“Wangs works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions.Through such a balance.”可知可知,王澍的王澍的设计把现代与传统中国元素进行了完美融合设计把现代与传统中国元素进行了完美融合,即新旧的和谐统一即新旧的和谐统一,最终获得成功最终获得成功,所以答案为所以答案为D项。项。解题思路解题思路
