1、一、简介一、简介 应用文是人们日常生活和工作中广泛使用的文应用文是人们日常生活和工作中广泛使用的文体。书信、通知、请柬、便条、日记、演讲稿、体。书信、通知、请柬、便条、日记、演讲稿、倡议书、履历表都是常见的应用文体。倡议书、履历表都是常见的应用文体。二、应用文的写作特点:二、应用文的写作特点:1、应用文的语言一般来说都比较规范,有其自、应用文的语言一般来说都比较规范,有其自身特定的语言表达方式,考生在平时要积累不同身特定的语言表达方式,考生在平时要积累不同文体常用的套话及写作格式(如书信开头和结尾文体常用的套话及写作格式(如书信开头和结尾的套话要运用恰当,格式要正确)。的套话要运用恰当,格式要
2、正确)。2、应用文的目的在于传达基本信息,在写作时、应用文的目的在于传达基本信息,在写作时要突出特点。要突出特点。3、应用文的语言重在实用,要求语言平实、准、应用文的语言重在实用,要求语言平实、准 确、简洁,句子不要过长,最好让读者一眼就明确、简洁,句子不要过长,最好让读者一眼就明白文章要表达的内容。白文章要表达的内容。4、不同的文体应采用不同的时态,如:日记一、不同的文体应采用不同的时态,如:日记一般用过去时,海报、便条、通知采用一般将来时。般用过去时,海报、便条、通知采用一般将来时。三、分类讲解三、分类讲解 I 书信书信 英语书信一般分为商业信函(英语书信一般分为商业信函(BUSINESS
3、 LETTERS)和私人书信()和私人书信(PERSONAL LETTERS)两种,包括请求信,)两种,包括请求信, 邀请信,邀请信, 感谢信,感谢信, 应聘信、投诉信等。应聘信、投诉信等。格式如下:格式如下:1.信头信头 (heading)2.称呼称呼 (salution) 3.正文(正文(body)4.结束语(结束语(complimentary close ) 5.签名(签名(signature)Xinghua High SchoolBeijing,102600 ChinaMay 6, 2008President George HopkingsPace Middle SchoolNew Y
4、ork, NY 10038USA Yours sincerely, Li Xiuting(President of Xinghua High School)Dear Mr. Hopkings,具体写法1 1、信头、信头1 1)写信人的地址和日期,写在右上角。)写信人的地址和日期,写在右上角。写地址由小到大:门牌号码、街名、城(县)名、写地址由小到大:门牌号码、街名、城(县)名、省名、国名省名、国名其顺序是:其顺序是:第一行:门牌和路名,或邮政信箱,楼房名称第一行:门牌和路名,或邮政信箱,楼房名称第二行:市(县),省,国名第二行:市(县),省,国名第三行:日期(月第三行:日期(月, ,年年, ,
5、日或日日或日, ,月月, ,年)年)2 2)收信人的姓名和地址)收信人的姓名和地址这一部分低于写信人地址一至两行,写在左上角这一部分低于写信人地址一至两行,写在左上角. .2. 称呼用语称呼用语 写给机构的信一般用写给机构的信一般用Gentleman, 如果如果知道对方是男士则常用知道对方是男士则常用Sir(s), 女士则用女士则用Madam(s), 相互认识的人之间一般用相互认识的人之间一般用Dear Hiltom,Professor Brown, Miss Li, Dear Comrade Luo等。等。 3.书信正文书信正文 书信正文就是一篇文章,可运用描述,议论,书信正文就是一篇文章,
6、可运用描述,议论,抒情,说明等各种方法写。怎么写取决于内容。抒情,说明等各种方法写。怎么写取决于内容。 写回信,常应先提到收到对方的信,并表示写回信,常应先提到收到对方的信,并表示谢意。谢意。常用的用语:常用的用语: Thank you for your letter of April 7, 2010 I was glad to receive your letter of April 4.I was most pleased to hear from you. I have just received your letter.I am glad to tell you that We are
7、 pleased to inform you thatI am sorry to tell you thatI learned thatSorry to reply to your letter so late. 4、 结束语结束语:低于正文以一两行,从信笺的中间或偏右开始书低于正文以一两行,从信笺的中间或偏右开始书写。第一个词的第一个字母要大写。结束用语后写。第一个词的第一个字母要大写。结束用语后面一般用逗号。面一般用逗号。 Best wishes / regards 祝好祝好 All my best wishes.With my best respects and regards.Wish
8、ing you good luck / Success /good health.Good luck to you. Give my love / regards to Remember me to your family.Say hello to everybody.Looking forward to hearing from you. 5、签名签名:写信人应在低于结束用语一或两行签字,即使是写信人应在低于结束用语一或两行签字,即使是打印的,也应该亲笔签名。常用签名:打印的,也应该亲笔签名。常用签名:用于机关或不太熟悉的人:用于机关或不太熟悉的人:Yours truly ; Yours f
9、aithfully; Yours sincerely 用于熟人之间:用于熟人之间:Yours sincerely ;Very sincerely yours; 用于亲属。挚友之间;用于亲属。挚友之间;Yours lovingly; Yours loving father/mother; yours; Yours ever; 用于对上级或长辈用于对上级或长辈 Yours respectfully / Respectfully yours 1.你近来如何?2.收到你的来信很高兴。3.我很高兴知道-4.这是关于-的信息。5.顺便提一下,6.请你-好吗? 7.我真盼望着-8.给你最好的祝愿。1. Ho
10、w are you? How have you been? How is everything going on with you?2. How nice to hear from you.3. Im glad to know-4. Here is the information about the coming sports meet. I am writing to tell/ ask you - You want to know what is going on in schools in China? Now, I will tell you about it.5. By the wa
11、y,6. Would you please-?7. Im really looking forward to-8. Best wishes. Best regards. All the best to you.练一练以下写信套语练一练以下写信套语各种书信写法各种书信写法1.投诉信投诉信:对商品质量问题、服务不满意等,向有对商品质量问题、服务不满意等,向有关单位写信投诉,提出意见,属公务信函,用词关单位写信投诉,提出意见,属公务信函,用词较正规,无客套语。较正规,无客套语。 常用句式:常用句式: 1、我写信是为了投诉书店的服务质量。、我写信是为了投诉书店的服务质量。I am writing to
12、 complain about (the poor service at your bookstore). 2、如果您能、我将非常感激。、如果您能、我将非常感激。I would appreciate it / be grateful/ be satisfied if you could kindly 3 3、我认为您有必要采取措施解决问题。、我认为您有必要采取措施解决问题。 I think it necessary for you to do something /take some measures to solve the problem. 4 4、我希望问题可以得到尽早解决。、我希望问题
13、可以得到尽早解决。 I do hope that the problems can be solved as soon as possible. 5 5、我相信你们从现在开始会认真对待这件事情,、我相信你们从现在开始会认真对待这件事情,并努力避免此类并努力避免此类 事情再次发生。事情再次发生。 I believe that you will take this issue seriously from now on and try every means to prevent its recurrence. 投诉信习作:投诉信习作: You are required to write a le
14、tter of complaint to the headmaster about the library. The letter should included the following information.1) some seats are always occupied;2) the environment is too noisy to study;3) some library staff are rude to the student.Dear President, My name is Li Ming. I am writing to you today to intima
15、te with some undesirable things that I have found in the library. You may not realize so much our library, the landmark of our school, weighs in our minds. It is a place we are most proud of and where we like to spend most of our time. In such a decent place we have noticed recently some phenomena,
16、which hurt our eyes and mind. Some seats are “permanently occupiedvacant seats.” Some other students are too noisy, talking among themselves, leaving mobile phone beeping anytime. And some library staff is ill mannered and rude. These and other things have already done damage to the fame of our univ
17、ersity and caused a lot of inconvenience to the users. Dear President, we hope that something can be done to reverse the current situations. Let our cozy, quiet, effective library come back. Best wishes, Yours sincerely, Li Ming2.感谢信感谢信感谢信的写作主要分以下三个部分。感谢信的写作主要分以下三个部分。 首先开头要明确的对对方提供的帮助或赠首先开头要明确的对对方提供
18、的帮助或赠送的礼品表示谢意。送的礼品表示谢意。 主体部分则需列举对方提供的帮助,说明主体部分则需列举对方提供的帮助,说明该帮助所起的作用,或表达对所受礼品的喜该帮助所起的作用,或表达对所受礼品的喜爱以及以后如何使用及收藏等。爱以及以后如何使用及收藏等。 结尾部分需再次表达诚挚的谢意并问候对结尾部分需再次表达诚挚的谢意并问候对方。方。 感谢信开头段常用句子:感谢信开头段常用句子:* I am writing this letter to thank you for* I am writing to show my sincere appreciation for* I would like to
19、 convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for* I feel deeply indebted to you and I really dont know how to thank you enough for your help.* I am writing these few lines to express my sincere thanks, not only to yourself but to * This letter is to express my thanks and appreciation for感谢信结尾段常
20、用句子:感谢信结尾段常用句子:* I hope you will give me the chance to return your kindness.* Please accept my gratitude, now and always.* I must thank you again for your generous help.* My true gratitude is beyond the words description.* I am most grateful for your selfless donation.感谢信常用词汇:感谢信常用词汇:appreciate, bey
21、ond words, convey, express, courtesy, generosity, grateful gratitude, hospitality, satisfy,hospitable, timely,friendly, 假设你是李华,昨天参加了美国朋友假设你是李华,昨天参加了美国朋友David的生日聚会,请写封感谢信,表达你对聚会的的生日聚会,请写封感谢信,表达你对聚会的喜爱和对喜爱和对David的祝福。的祝福。注意:注意:1适当展开想象,语意连贯,结构完整。词适当展开想象,语意连贯,结构完整。词数不少于数不少于120。2不能写成诗歌形式;不能使用真实姓名和不能写成诗歌形式
22、;不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。学校名称。 March 18, 2010Dear David, Im writing to express my grateful feeling to you. Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party last night, which brought me lots of entertainment. During the party, what impressed me most was your happy family. Both your parents love you very much a
23、nd were enthusiastic over me. I really enjoyed it because it made me feel at home. And the dessert and other snacks you offered me were tasty. In addition, the light music and candle light created a nice and warm atmosphere. On an account of that, I was able to open my heart to your other friendly a
24、nd active friends like brothers and sisters. Thanks again for your dinner. Im in the hope that youll be as delighted as last night forever. And the unforgettable experience will be stored in my mind forever. Yours ever, Li Hua3. 求职信:求职信: 求职信分为推荐信和自荐信两种,它是书面表求职信分为推荐信和自荐信两种,它是书面表达的重要体裁之一,也是高考书面表达的热点达的
25、重要体裁之一,也是高考书面表达的热点内容。写求职信可按下列七个步骤进行。内容。写求职信可按下列七个步骤进行。 下面举例说明:下面举例说明:假设你叫李平,你从报上得知某公司欲招聘假设你叫李平,你从报上得知某公司欲招聘一名英语翻译,请你给该公司经理写一份求职一名英语翻译,请你给该公司经理写一份求职信,你的个人资料如下:信,你的个人资料如下: 1.简况:姓名,李平;年龄,简况:姓名,李平;年龄,30岁;身高,岁;身高,1.80米;健康状况,良好;业余爱好,游泳、米;健康状况,良好;业余爱好,游泳、唱歌、跳舞。唱歌、跳舞。2.简历:简历:1994年北京大学毕业后分配到年北京大学毕业后分配到南通中学工作
26、,南通中学工作,1996年调至苏州中学工作至年调至苏州中学工作至今。今。 3.工作:工作认真负责,与人相处融洽。工作:工作认真负责,与人相处融洽。4.特长:精通英语,尤其口语,已将多本特长:精通英语,尤其口语,已将多本中文书籍译成英语,懂一些日语、能用日语中文书籍译成英语,懂一些日语、能用日语与外宾对话。与外宾对话。联系电话:联系电话:3654731联系地址:苏州联系地址:苏州市人民路一号市人民路一号第一步:第一步:介绍消息来源介绍消息来源实际上是介绍消息来源介绍消息来源实际上是求职信的开篇交待句,它可使求职信显得自然、求职信的开篇交待句,它可使求职信显得自然、顺畅;而不介绍消息来源,会使收信
27、人感到意顺畅;而不介绍消息来源,会使收信人感到意外、突然,文章也缺乏过渡、照应,本文消息外、突然,文章也缺乏过渡、照应,本文消息来源可作如下介绍:来源可作如下介绍:Dear manager,I learned from the newspaper that your company wanted to hire an English translator.第二步:第二步:表明求职心愿表明求职心愿介绍完消息来源介绍完消息来源后,应向收信人表明自己的求职心愿,即写信后,应向收信人表明自己的求职心愿,即写信的目的,本文求职心愿可作如下介绍:的目的,本文求职心愿可作如下介绍:Im interested
28、 in this job very much. Id like to get this job.第三步:第三步:介绍个人简历某单位需要新人,求介绍个人简历某单位需要新人,求职人也有求职心愿,但这并不意味着这项工作职人也有求职心愿,但这并不意味着这项工作非你莫属。如果你没有干好这项工作的经历、非你莫属。如果你没有干好这项工作的经历、实力,也是难以适应的。因此,介绍个人简历实力,也是难以适应的。因此,介绍个人简历是必不可少的。本文个人简历可介绍如下:是必不可少的。本文个人简历可介绍如下:Now Id like to introduce myself to you. My name is Li Pi
29、ng. Im 30 years old. Im 180 cm tall. Im healthy. I like swimming,singing and dancing in my spare time. I graduated from Beijing University in 1994.Then,I went to work in Nantong Middle School.In 1996,I began to work in Suzhou Middle School and I have worked there until now.第四步:摆出求职优势仅有一定的工作经历第四步:摆出求
30、职优势仅有一定的工作经历而没有自身的优势和特长,也很难求得称心而没有自身的优势和特长,也很难求得称心如意的工作。因此,求职时应表明自己除了如意的工作。因此,求职时应表明自己除了具有一定的工作经历之外,还具有一定的优具有一定的工作经历之外,还具有一定的优势和特长,这样才能稳操胜券。本文可通过势和特长,这样才能稳操胜券。本文可通过如下方法摆出自己的优势:如下方法摆出自己的优势:I work hard and I can get along well with others. Im good at English and especially my spoken English is very go
31、od. Ive translated many Chinese books into English. I can understand Japanese and I can talk to foreigners in Japanese freely.第五步:第五步:提出获职打算丰富的工作经验,一提出获职打算丰富的工作经验,一定的优势和特长,只能代表过去和现在的情定的优势和特长,只能代表过去和现在的情况,如果获职后自以为心愿已了,从此高枕况,如果获职后自以为心愿已了,从此高枕无忧,马虎从事,那也是得不到用人单位认无忧,马虎从事,那也是得不到用人单位认可的。显然表明获职后努力工作的决心是感可的。
32、显然表明获职后努力工作的决心是感动用人单位的领导从而顺利谋得此项工作的动用人单位的领导从而顺利谋得此项工作的重要一环。重要一环。本文获职打算可作如下介绍:本文获职打算可作如下介绍:If you agree with me,Ill work hard and try to be a good translator.第六步:第六步:请求答复联系如果单位领导同意请求答复联系如果单位领导同意了你的求职要求,你必然要请他和你联系,了你的求职要求,你必然要请他和你联系,以便你及时做好准备,到用人单位应聘或以便你及时做好准备,到用人单位应聘或报到。为准确起见,请求答复联系时你还报到。为准确起见,请求答复联系
33、时你还应当提供你的通讯地址、邮政编码、电话应当提供你的通讯地址、邮政编码、电话号码、电子信箱等。本文答复联系的内容号码、电子信箱等。本文答复联系的内容可作如下介绍:可作如下介绍:If you agree with me,please write a letter to me or phone me. I live at No.1 Renmin Road,Suzhou city. My telephone number is 3654371.第七步:第七步:表明感激之情无论你的请求是否表明感激之情无论你的请求是否能够得到满意的答复,你给用人单位写信能够得到满意的答复,你给用人单位写信就是给对方添
34、了麻烦,因此你应向对方表就是给对方添了麻烦,因此你应向对方表明感激之情。本文可这样来表明感激之情明感激之情。本文可这样来表明感激之情:Thank you very much.上述七步内容联成一个整体,再加上下面上述七步内容联成一个整体,再加上下面的信尾,就成为一封完整的求职信。的信尾,就成为一封完整的求职信。Yours Truly LiPing实战训练:实战训练:假如你是王林,李明是你的好友,他对假如你是王林,李明是你的好友,他对BrownBrown先生的公司(先生的公司(firmfirm)感兴趣,打算到该公司谋职)感兴趣,打算到该公司谋职(apply for a positionapply
35、for a position)。请根据下面李明的)。请根据下面李明的简历表,用英语写一封推荐信,词数简历表,用英语写一封推荐信,词数120120左右。左右。姓名:李明,性别:男,国籍:中国,姓名:李明,性别:男,国籍:中国, 出生地:山东济南,婚否:已婚,出生日期:出生地:山东济南,婚否:已婚,出生日期:1968.5.11968.5.1,通讯地址:济南市人民路,通讯地址:济南市人民路148148号,号, 电话:电话:66005376600537,教育程度:大学,职业:律师,教育程度:大学,职业:律师,外语水平:擅长英语、懂些日语,其他:有三年外语水平:擅长英语、懂些日语,其他:有三年工作经验,
36、办事认真,待人诚恳,与人相处和睦工作经验,办事认真,待人诚恳,与人相处和睦Dear Mr.Brown, My friend-Li Ming wants to apply for a position with your firm. Now,Id like to introduce my friend to you. Li Ping graduated from a college three years ago and since then he has worked as a lawyer. He is good at English and knows some Japanese. He
37、works hard and is careful in everything he does. He is honest,kind and easy to get on with. He was born on May 1,1968 in Jinan,Shandong Province,China. He is married and lives at No.148 Renmin Road,Jinan city.He shows great interest in your firm. If he is accepted,he will do his best. Im sure he wil
38、l be fit for the position. If you agree with him,please write a letter to him,his telephone number is 6600537. Thanks very much! Yours truly, Wang Lin4. 邀请信邀请信结构要点结构要点:邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信,包含三个方面:信,包含三个方面:1.邀请对方参加活动的内容、时间和地邀请对方参加活动的内容、时间和地点;点;2. 与该活动有关的注意事项;与该活动有关的注意事项;3.期待对方接受邀请,并可表示
39、感谢。期待对方接受邀请,并可表示感谢。非正式邀请信:非正式邀请信:Write a letter to one of your high school classmates who is in a nearby city, and invite him/her to your city at this weekend. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.Dear Linda, We havent
40、seen each other for six years after graduation. I am so glad to hear that you have graduated from UCLA and come back to work in Suzhou. If you are free this Saturday, please come to Shanghai and have a good time with me. We can first go to the Century Park, where the flowers are all in blossom. Lets
41、 go boating on the lake isnt it pleasant in the cool breeze? Then I will treat you to dinner at a western restaurant on Huaihai Roadit is small but really niceIm sure you will enjoy it. After dinner, lets go to a concertyou are a music lover, arent you?If you couldnt come, please notify me before Fr
42、iday. If you can, please tell me which train you will take and I will meet you at the railway station.I am looking forward to meeting you. Sincerely yours, Li Ming正式邀请信:正式邀请信:语言注意点语言注意点:邀请信叙事一定要清楚、明白。如写给朋邀请信叙事一定要清楚、明白。如写给朋友,可选用活泼、真诚的言辞;如写给长友,可选用活泼、真诚的言辞;如写给长辈、上级、名人等,则语言应正式、礼貌。辈、上级、名人等,则语言应正式、礼貌。Writ
43、e a letter to invite a famous professor to give a lecture to the English postgraduate students in your university. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.Dear Professor Michael Hutchison,We are very glad to hear that you
44、are attending an international conference in Beijing. We are writing this letter to inquiry the possibility of inviting you to deliver a lecture on American literature for our postgraduate students on the evening of June 16.We have long been noticed that you have done a lot of substantial and creati
45、ve work in this field. Two of your books have become textbooks for our students for several years. So all of us believe your lecture will benefit our students and teaching staff alike. If you can manage to come, please tell us the number of your flight and we will meet you at the airport. If you can
46、t make it, please also let us know.We are looking forward to your coming. Sincerely yours, Li Ming II 日记日记 日记是每日生活的记载,是一种记事文体。日记是每日生活的记载,是一种记事文体。一、日记的格式一、日记的格式英文日记通常由书端和正文两个部分组成。英文日记通常由书端和正文两个部分组成。日记常以第一人称记下当天生活中的所见、所日记常以第一人称记下当天生活中的所见、所闻、所做或所想的事情。中、英文的日记三格闻、所做或所想的事情。中、英文的日记三格式大致一样。式大致一样。英语英语日记的书端是专
47、门写日记的日记的书端是专门写日记的日期、星期和天气的。左上角是日期日期、星期和天气的。左上角是日期(年、月、年、月、日日)、星期。右上角写上当天的天气情况,如:、星期。右上角写上当天的天气情况,如:Sunny, Fine, Rainy, Windy, Snowy, Cloudy等。等。1、日期表达有多种形式。年、月、日都写时,、日期表达有多种形式。年、月、日都写时,通常以月、日、年为顺序,月份可以缩写,日通常以月、日、年为顺序,月份可以缩写,日和年用逗号隔开。例如:和年用逗号隔开。例如: March 18, 2010 或者或者 Mar. 18, 2010A) September 1, 2009
48、或或September 1st, 2009也可也可省略写成省略写成Sept. 1, 2009或或Sept. 1st, 2009;B) the 1st of September in 2004(月份不可以缩月份不可以缩写写) ,只有月、日只有月、日September 1或或September 1st(月月份可以缩写份可以缩写) C)只有年、月只有年、月September 2004或或the September of 2004(月份不可以缩写月份不可以缩写) 以上的以上的1或或1st都应读作都应读作the first。2.星期也可以省略不写,可将其放在日期前星期也可以省略不写,可将其放在日期前或后
49、,星期和日期之间不用标点,但要空一或后,星期和日期之间不用标点,但要空一格,星期也可缩写。如:格,星期也可缩写。如:Saturday, October 22nd, 2009; October 22nd, 2009 Saturday 3.天气情况必不可少。天气一般用一个形容天气情况必不可少。天气一般用一个形容词如词如 :Sunny, Fine, Rainy, Snowy 等表示。写等表示。写在日期之后,用逗号隔开,位于日记的右上在日期之后,用逗号隔开,位于日记的右上角。如:角。如:Saturday, March 4, 2010, Windy,1st January, 2010, Fine 二、日
50、记的要求二、日记的要求日记的正文是日记的主要部分,写在星日记的正文是日记的主要部分,写在星期和日期的正下方,可以顶格写,也可以内期和日期的正下方,可以顶格写,也可以内缩缩3 3至至5 5个字母的空间。由于记载的内容通常个字母的空间。由于记载的内容通常已经发生,谓语动词多用一般过去时。但也已经发生,谓语动词多用一般过去时。但也可根据具体情况,用其它时态。如:记叙天可根据具体情况,用其它时态。如:记叙天气、描写景色,为了描写生动,可以使用现气、描写景色,为了描写生动,可以使用现在时,以表现当时的情景。再如文后发表感在时,以表现当时的情景。再如文后发表感想或评论可用现在时态或将来时态。记日记想或评论