1、英语词汇学习英语词汇学习Learning of English Vocabulary总论：总论： 词汇是英语语言的基本构件，没有词汇就没有语言。因词汇是英语语言的基本构件，没有词汇就没有语言。因此，要学好英语，必须踏踏实实地学好词汇。学好词汇的含此，要学好英语，必须踏踏实实地学好词汇。学好词汇的含义应该是对所学词汇的熟练掌握和运用，包括词汇的读音、义应该是对所学词汇的熟练掌握和运用，包括词汇的读音、拼写、语意、词性、用法、搭配、辨析、英汉差异等。词汇拼写、语意、词性、用法、搭配、辨析、英汉差异等。词汇学习的好坏将直接影响到英语学习的各个环节，如：听、说、学习的好坏将直接影响到英语学习的各个环节
2、，如：听、说、读、写、译等，词汇的理解在阅读中起着非常重要的作用。读、写、译等，词汇的理解在阅读中起着非常重要的作用。一般说来，英语的词汇量越大，阅读起来就越轻松，理解也一般说来，英语的词汇量越大，阅读起来就越轻松，理解也可能更加准确可能更加准确（The larger vocabulary you have, the The larger vocabulary you have, the better understanding you get)better understanding you get)。 现行高考的阅读文章中，经常考查一些单词的语意理解，现行高考的阅读文章中，经常考查一些单词
3、的语意理解，也常出现派生词的使用和常用单词的异义用法，考生对此深也常出现派生词的使用和常用单词的异义用法，考生对此深感困惑。因此，为了准确理解原文，提高阅读效果，学生应感困惑。因此，为了准确理解原文，提高阅读效果，学生应该尽可能地扩大词汇量；同时又要学会和掌握一些猜词技巧该尽可能地扩大词汇量；同时又要学会和掌握一些猜词技巧和常见的构词方法，对于某些常用单词要尽可能多掌握它们和常见的构词方法，对于某些常用单词要尽可能多掌握它们的词义，并根据具体语境来判断其准确含义。的词义，并根据具体语境来判断其准确含义。合成与派生词合成与派生词 Compound & DerivationInformation
4、technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantages of it.2) Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable, but it does not have to ruin your life. 3) We found his room in a mess, with a lot of things placed irregularly.4) Do
5、ubtlessly, computers will play a more important role in our daily life in the near future.5) In order to raise labour efficiency, we must simplify working process, I think.6) Reading widely is a good way to enlarge ones vocabulary.7) By 2010, new technology will revolutionize communications. People
6、will be transmitting more messages down telephone lines that previously would have been sent by post.8) This disease is rarely seen today, but still exists in some underdeveloped areas in the world.9) Everything was taken away that belonged to Einstein, including his German citizenship.10) A colour-
7、blind person cant tell one colour from another.11) Last night she had a terrible toothache and asked me to buy her some pain-killer.12) Not only postman but also clerks and secretaries will vanish in a paper-free society.猜词技巧猜词技巧New Word Guessing Strategies一、根据构词法一、根据构词法 After I had been away from m
8、y parents for two years I began to feel homesick. homesick: feeling a great wish to be at home, when away from it (思乡的思乡的; 思乡病的思乡病的)2) But does the baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land? never-never-land: an imaginary wonderful place (理想的地方理想
9、的地方; 幻想中的地方幻想中的地方)二、根据定义和解释二、根据定义和解释 Scientists grow large quantities of common mould so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs. antibiotic: a medical substance, such as penicillin produced by living things and able to stop the growth o
10、f, or destroy, harmful bacteria that have entered the body (抗生素抗生素; 抗生菌抗生菌)2) Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. shoplifter: a person who takes goods from a shop without paying
11、(在商店中窃取商品者在商店中窃取商品者)3) I am a resolute man, that is, once I set up a goal, I wont give it up easily. resolute: (of a person or his character) firm; determined in purpose (坚决的坚决的; 断然的断然的)三、根据文中的列举三、根据文中的列举 Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies (军用物资), while others carried o
12、nly passengers. cargo: goods carried by a ship, plane or vehicle (货物货物)2) You may select any of these periodicals to read: New Yorker, Times, Readers Digest, Beijing Review and so on. periodical: books, magazines, etc. issued or published repeatedly at regular times (杂志杂志; 刊物）刊物）四、根据各种逻辑关系四、根据各种逻辑关系
13、 The tree will have to be cut down, for it obstructs the view of oncoming traffic (迎面驶来的车辆). obstruct: to block up; to put difficulties in the way (阻塞阻塞; 挡住挡住) 2) She is usually prompt for all her classes. Today, however, she arrived in the middle of her first class.1) prompt: (of an action) done or
14、 given quickly or at the right time (准时的准时的) )3) After his parents had been married for eight years, they divorced last year, so he had to live with his mother alone. divorce: to end a marriage between a husband and wife (离婚离婚; 离异）离异）五、利用同位语或根据同等关系五、利用同位语或根据同等关系 His uncle was a roamer, a wanderer wh
15、o never could stay in one place .1) roamer: a person who wanders through or around a place with no very clear aim (俳徊者俳徊者; 游游荡者荡者)2) Not every historic mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved. mansion: a large house, usually belonging to a wealthy person (宅第宅第;
16、官邸官邸)3) Every country has its favorite beverage. Indians like to drink coffee after dinner. The English prefer tea. Americans often drink soda. beverage: a liquid for drinking, esp. one that is not water (饮料饮料)六、根据经验和常识六、根据经验和常识 After Mary put the letter in the envelope, she sealed it and placed a s
17、tamp on it, then put it into the postbox. seal: to fasten or close as / with a SEAL or a tight cover or band of something (密封密封; 封闭封闭) 2) Mike got on the motorcycle, and Mary sat behind him on the pillion.1) pillion: a seat for a second person on a motorcycle placed behind the drive (摩托车后座摩托车后座)七、利用
18、同义词七、利用同义词 Large chunks of ice and snow melt very slowly. Once they begin to thaw, several weeks of warm weather may be required before they are totally dissolved. thaw: (of a frozen substance) to increase in temperature to above freezing point and so becoming liquid, soft or bendable (解冻解冻; 溶化溶化) d
19、issolve: (of a solid or a gas) to become liquid by being put into liquid (溶解溶解)2) The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all called her an eccentric lady. eccentric: (of a person or his behavior) peculiar; unusual; rather strange (古怪的古怪的; 怪异的怪异的)八、利用反义词八、
20、利用反义词 In many nations there are two financial extremes (极端), from penury to great wealth.1) penury: the state of being very poor; poverty (贫穷贫穷; 贫困贫困)2) Our spacious house has more advantages than our overcrowded apartment. spacious: wide; not narrow; having a lot of room; (宽阔的宽阔的; 宽敞的宽敞的)3) Unlike
21、his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely. homely: (of people, faces, etc.) not good-looking (不漂亮的不漂亮的) 九、根据标点符号的信息功能九、根据标点符号的信息功能 The nurse is on night shift from midnight to 7 a.m. shift: the period of time worked by a group of people who work by turns (轮班轮班)2) There are two t
22、ypes of fat, external fat (fat under skin and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). external: on, of or for the outside (外部的外部的; 外面的外面的)十、根据上下文语境十、根据上下文语境 I lost my key to my bike, so I went to the shop to duplicate a new one so that I could get to school on time. duplicate: to copy exactly (复制复制
23、; 配配) 2) My son has been in school for two years but he cant write a sentence, so I shouted to the teacher: “You have made my son illiterate.” illiterate: unable to read and write (无知的无知的; 文文盲）盲） Do you know who will address at the meeting? address: to direct speech or writing to a person or a group
24、 (演说演说; 演讲演讲)2) These goods are covered against fire. cover: to insure; to protect from damage or loss (保险保险; 投保投保)3) You can buy this car for 50 down and 5 a week for 3 years. down: (of that part of a sum of money to be paid at once) in cash (现付现付; 用现金支付用现金支付)4) She could hardly tear herself away f
25、rom the book. tear oneself away: to leave unwillingly (依依不舍依依不舍地离开地离开; 忍痛离去忍痛离去)5) I really love your company but I also need some privacy. So please call before you come over. company: companionship; fellowship (友谊友谊; 陪伴陪伴)6) He was fined $ 50 for over speeding on the highway. fine: to take money f
26、rom as a punishment (罚款罚款)7) He later said, “he hopes the truth about the shooting will surface soon.” surface: to come to the surface of water (浮出水面浮出水面)8) I am one of the share holders in the company. share: any of the equal parts into which the ownership of a company may be divided (股份股份)9) Ameri
27、can soldiers stationed in S. Korea often make trouble. station: post; put into a certain place (安置安置; 驻扎驻扎)10) A party of six people went to China for inspection. party: a group of people doing something together (团体团体; 一伙人一伙人)11) Dont buy things at the food stand in the street. stand: a small, ofte
28、n outdoor shop or place for showing things; stall (摊子摊子; 摊位摊位)12) The friendship will stand the test of any trouble and difficulty. stand: to accept successfully; bear (承受承受; 忍受忍受)13) The young man was fired. fire: to dismiss from a job; sack (解雇解雇; 开除开除)14) The old man was really cross when he lost
29、 his money. cross: angry; bad-tempered (生气的生气的; 脾气暴躁的脾气暴躁的)15) They formed a car pool to take turns to drive to work. pool: a common supply of money, goods, workers, etc., which may be used by a number of people (集中备用物资集中备用物资, 如如, 钱钱, 货品货品, 工人等工人等)16) What he said did not hold water. hold water: to
30、be true or reasonable (有道理有道理; 合情合情合理合理; 站得住脚站得住脚)17) He has the floor in the committee, which floored me. floor: n. the right of one member to speak (发言权发言权) floor: v. to beat; to defeat (击败击败)18) You need to lay a sound base for the job. sound: solid; firm; strong (坚实的坚实的; 稳固的稳固的; 强壮的强壮的)19) He is
31、 a promising boy. promising: showing signs of advance towards success (有希望的有希望的)20) Please stay clear of the engine area. clear: open; free from block, dangers, or obstructions (畅通的畅通的; 无危险的无危险的) 21) Dont beat about the bush. beat about the bush: to avoid coming to the main point (说话拐弯抹角说话拐弯抹角)22) T
32、he police brought a charge of murder against me. charge: a spoken or written statement blaming a person for a crime for breaking law, or for doing something morally wrong (控告控告; 指控指控)23) The battery is being charged after being discharged first. charge: to cause to take in the correct amount of elec
33、tricity (使充电使充电) discharge: to remove electricity from a electrical apparatus (放电放电)24) What he said was totally groundless. groundless: (of feelings, ideas, etc.) without base or good reason (无根据的无根据的; 无理由的无理由的)25) The song became a hit among the young at once. hit: a musical or theatrical performa
34、nce which is successful (成功的音乐或戏剧表演成功的音乐或戏剧表演)26) The increase in food price hits the housewifes pocket. hit: have a bad effect on (对对有不良影响有不良影响)27) I am playing cards to kill time. kill time: to make free time pass by finding something to do (消磨时间消磨时间)28) What is the make of your car? make: the typ
35、e to which a set of (man-made) objects belongs, esp. the name of the makers (样式样式; 牌子牌子)29) They gave me a lift to the party. lift: a free ride in a vehicle, esp. one given to a traveler (免费搭载免费搭载; 搭顺风车搭顺风车)30) The smell was really inviting. inviting: attractive (诱人的诱人的)31) The game ended in a draw.
36、 The new film is a great draw. draw: a state of affairs in which neither side wins (平局平局; 平手平手; 不分胜负不分胜负) draw: a person or thing that attracts, esp. a paying public (有吸引力的人或事有吸引力的人或事)32) He returned home, safe and sound. safe and sound: safe (平安无恙平安无恙)Other practice1) Mark Twain was not the writers
37、 real name; it was a pseudonym.2) Toms ambition is to become a scientist when he grows up.3) I dont know if the clock in the tower is accurate. Does it tell the correct time?4) Frogs and other animals are known as amphibians because they have a double life. They are at home on land and in water.5) T
38、he capture of Sudan Hussein means a complete end of his rule in Iraq.6) The disease is not contagious; you cant catch it by touching somebody.7) Harry Marsh was a driving examiner who had to test people that wanted to get a driving license.8) Jim just hummed the tune of the song; he didnt sing the w
39、ords.9) The Americans are finally allowed to inspect the nuclear facilities in N. Korea.10) I bought a food processor which saved me a lot of trouble cutting the vegetables when cooking.11) The new car has a good acceleration; its speed can be increased in a short time.12) The Asian gibbon, like oth
40、er monkeys, are well used to the life in trees.13) The newsmen have to wear bullet-proof jackets to protect themselves from being shot. 14) The football match will be televised live, so we can watch it on the television at home.15) The Chinese government takes firm steps to block any case of bird fl
41、u from spreading into China.16) The Russian president was on his first official visit to the United States. He had talks with US president G.W. Bush on anti-terrorism and weapon disarmament. The Russian president offered support for the air-attack against Taliban. The two presidents agreed to reduce
42、 nuclear weapons in the next ten years. But differences remained on the US plans to build anti-missile defense system, which has been a hot topic discussed heatedly.p 经常不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量p Study Constantly, And You Will Know Everything. The More You Know, The More Powerful You Will Be写在最后Thank You在别人的演说中思考，在自己的故事里成长Thinking In Other PeopleS Speeches，Growing Up In Your Own Story讲师：XXXXXX XX年XX月XX日
