1、Unit 3 Transportation Paragraph one to threeWords:1.raw material 原料 ; 原材料 ; 生料 ; 2.channel 渠道; 途径 ; 3.fixed 固定的，不变的 ; 4.temporarily 暂时地 ;5.halt 停止 ;6.pipeline 管道 ;7.stated 陈述 ;Paragraph one to threePhrase:Phrase:1.quite closely related 密切相关 ;2.a key part 关键部分 ;3.plays a key role 发挥关键作用 ;4.as follows
2、 列举如下 ; 1.The transportation system is the physical link connecting a companys customers,raw material suppliers, plants, warehouses, and channel members the fixed points in a logistics supply chain. 运输系统是 连接公司客户、原材料供应商、工厂、仓库和渠道成员（物流供应链中的固定点）的物理连接。First paragraphThe fixed point in the logistics syste
3、m are where some activity temporarily halts the flow of goods in the logistic pipeline.物流系统中的固定点是一些活动使物流管道中的货物暂时停止流动的地方。First paragraph2.Then what are the functions of transportation in logistics? 那么运输在物流中的功能是什么呢？Second paragraph3.Logistics system is quite closely related to transportation, as in lo
4、gistics the movement of goods is a key part .物流系统与运输密切相关，在物流中，货物的移动是一个关键环节。Third paragraphTransportation plays a key role in the logistics system .the functions of transportation are stated as follows:运输在物流系统中起着关键作用。运输的功能如下：Third paragraphParagraph four to sixWords:Phrase:Phrase:1.gap 间隙；缺口；差距；分歧2.f
5、ixed 固定的3.various 不同的；各种各样的4.utility 效用5.function 功能；作用6.desired 渴望的；想得到的 a series of 一系列bridge the gap 缩小差距Value added 附加价值at the far end of 在.的一头4.(1) Bridge over buyer-seller gap. A firm s logistics supply chain is a series of fixed points where the goods come to rest and transportation links.The
6、 transportation link makes it possible for goods to flow between the various fixed points and bridges the buyer-seller gap.缩短买卖双方的距离。一个企业的物流供应链就是由货物停止流动时的固定点和运输线路组成的。运输环节使物品在不同的固定点间流动以及缩小买卖双方差距成为可能。Fourth paragraph5.(2) Value added. Transportation adds value to the firm by creating time and place ut
7、ility. The value added is the physical movement of goods to the place desired and at the time desired.增值。运输通过创造时间和空间的效用为企业增值。这个增加的价值就是货物在预期的时间向预期的地点的实际流动。Fifth paragraph6(3) Global impact. As supply chains become increasingly longer in our global economy, the transportation function is connecting bu
8、yers and sellers that may be at the far end of the globe. 全球影响。随着供应链在全球经济中变得越来越长，连接着买卖双方的运输功能可能在全球的尽头。Sixth paragraph6.（3）This wide gap results in greater transportation costs. Besides, much more time is needed in international transportation. This results in higher inventories and higher storage co
9、st.这个巨大的差距导致了更高的运输成本。除此之外，国际运输也需要花费更多的时间。这导致了更高的库存和仓储成本。Sixth paragraphParagraph seven to eightWords:1、expenditure 花费，支出；费用，经费2、comparatively 对比地，相对地；比较地3、warehousing 仓储Phrase:Phrase:1、have impact on 对有影响 2、involve in 参与；涉及；卷入，陷入 3、inventory carrying 存货盘点7.(4) Importance in economy.The transportatio
10、n has great impact on the nations economy. The total expenditure involved in transportation of a country may be comparatively very high in its economy.经济重要性。运输对国民经济有巨大影响。一个国家包含运输的部分的总支出中在国家经济中占比可能是较高的。Seventh paragraph8.(5 ) Importance in company.In a company, the total expenditure includes warehous
11、ing and transportation.A company has to spend money on physical distribution (outbound only) ,customer service ,warehousing ,administration, inventory carrying,and so on.（5）在公司中的重要性。在一家公司中，总支出包括了仓储和运输等。一家公司要在实物配送（仅指外部物流）、客户服务、仓储、管理、存货盘点等等上花费金钱。Eighth paragraphParagraph nineWords:1.trade-off 权衡2.vacu
12、um 真空3.air carrier 航空承运人4.element 元素、要素5.stringent (规定条件要求)严格的Phrase:Phrase:1.Switchs fromto. 从切换到2.At the expense of 以为代价9. (6) Cost-service trade-off . For example , if a company switches from rail to air transportation to move raw materials from a vendor to the plant , the air carriers increased
13、speed , or lower transit time , permits the company to hold lower inventories to meet demand during transit time and to use less warehousing space and less stringent product packaging : but the company realizes these advantages at the expense of higher transportation costs.Ninth paragraph9. 成本与服务之间的
14、权衡。例如，如果一家公司将原材料从供应商处运往工厂时运输方式从铁路运输切换到航空运输，航空托运提高了速度，降低了运转时间，允许企业在持有更低的库存下在运输时间内满足客户需求，并且对于企业来说占用了更少的仓储空间和更加简洁的产品包装。但是，公司意识到这些好处是以付出更高的运输成本为代价的。Ninth paragraph9. Thus ，a firm cannot make the transportation decision in a vacuum ; applying the total cost or systems approach requires a company to consi
15、der how the transport decision will affect other elements of the logistics system .因此，公司不应该凭空做出运输决策；应用总成本或系统方法来要求公司考虑运输决策将会如何影响物流系统的其他要素。 Ninth paragraphParagraph ten to twelveWords:1、essential 基本的；必要的；本质的；精华的 本质，要素；要点；必需品2、scale 规模；比例3、article 文章；物品；条款4、utility 效用；实用 实用的；通用的5、hence 因此；所以6、element 要
16、素；元素；原理；成分7、motive 发动的8、terminal 终端；末端；终点Paragraph ten to twelvePhrase:Phrase:1、move on 继续 2、be considered as 被认为是3、the moment 一就9、specialization 专门化；特殊化10、mine 矿 开采；采矿10.Now we move on to the role and essentials of a transport system. 现在我们继续说一个运输系统的作用与本质。Tenth paragraph11.Transport is an essential
17、facility for the development of economic resources on a national or international scale. Articles or materials are transported from areas of low utility to areas of high utility. In this way, value is added to the product. 运输是在国家或国际范围内发展经济资源的一个至关重要的设施。物品或材料从低利用率地区运送到高利用率地区。通过运输，就给产品增加了价值。通过运输，就给产品增加
18、了价值。Eleventh paragraph11.Transport makes it possible for the economic resources to develop to the full. It also makes possible specialization development no matter whether it may be mining, car manufacturing or farming. Transport is considered as a kind of product that is consumed the moment it is p
19、roduced . Hence it is not possible to store it.Eleventh paragraph运输使得充分开发经济资源成为可能；也使得专业化发展成为可能，不管是矿业、汽车制造业还是农业。运输被认为是一种在一生产出来就被消耗的产品，因此它不可能被储存。12.The essentials of a transport system include three elements：the way route, the vehicle (including motive power unit )，and the terminal.运输系统的本质包括三个要素：道路路线、
20、运输工具（包括动力装置）、和终端。Twelfth paragraphParagraph thirteen to fifteenWords:1、occur 产生，发生2、artificially 人工地3、canal 运河4、motorway 高速公路5、combination 结合6、circumstance 情况，环境7、integral 完整的8、embrace 包括，包含9、motive 发动的10、aircraft 飞机，航空器11、independent 独立的12、locomotive 机车13、terminal 终端14、ensure 确保15、utilization 利用，使用
21、16、merge 使融合Phrase:Phrase:combination of 的结合13.The way route may be naturally occurring such as the sea or river，or artificially made by man such as the railway, canal or motorway. It is possible to have a combination of these two circumstances. 运输路线可以是自然产生的，比如海洋或者河流，也可以是人造的，例如铁路、运河或者高速公路。它也有可能是两种情况
22、的结合。Thirteenth paragraph13.The transport unit may either be of the integral type embracing the carrying and motive power unit，such as an aircraft or ship, or have an independent motive power unit ， such as a railway locomotive.运输装置可以是包括运载装置和动力装置的整合型，例如飞机或者轮船，或者是具有独立的动力装置，如铁路机车。Thirteenth paragraph14
23、.The terminal must be articificially made by man，and be well designed to ensure the most efficient operation / utilization of the transport unit using it . 终端一定是人工建造的，并且被精心设计用于确保运输装置最有效的运转和利用。Fourteenth paragraphBasically，the terminal is the link in the transport chain and merges at an interchange p
24、oint involving one or more forms of transport， to offer through transit such as airport or seaport .从根本上说，终端是运输链上的一个环节，是在一个包含一种或多种运输形式的交汇点进行合并，以便为例如机场或港口等过境提供服务。Fourteenth paragraph15.The three essential elements must be so designed as to produce an efficient system .这三个基本因素的设计，必须能产生这样一个有效的系统。Fifteenth paragraphThanks!
